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HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4

Unit1

Activereading(1)

Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofa

Backgroundinformation

Aboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,

AlexandraBlair,publishedin

September2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.

InEuropegenerally,andin

Britaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumber

ofstudentswhogotouniversity

andthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formany

graduatesfindingajobbecame

harderin2008-2009becausetheeconomicdownturn-thenarecession

-meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheir

finalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobs

andthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfield

orattheleveltheywanted.The

articleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuck

athomeandadvisestheirparents

tobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwant

totalkabouttheproblemorifthey

needhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarket

ratherthansittingunemployed

athomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.The

styleispartlyofareport,butalso

ofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seeninthejokeylanguage

andproblem-solvingadviceto

parents).

Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?

UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatly

inthelastfifteenyears(over45%of

youngadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduates

lookingforjobs.Thiscompetitive

situationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchand

economicdepression,whichmeant

thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnew

graduateshavetobeactive

toseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytoget

jobinterviews:theywon,tfind

employmentbylyingonthesofaathome.

Culturepoints

Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAand

BSchonoursdegreesareawarded

indifferentcategories:afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbers

asI),asecond(dividedintotwo

subcategories,writtenasIliiandIlii,whicharecalled"atwoone”

and“atwotwo"),athird(writtenIII)and

apassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegrees

withmoregeneralcoursesofstudy

withoutthesecategories.

Themainideahereisthatthereisasuccession

ofdifferentgenerationsor

cohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhichare

givendifferentinformalnames

tocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers“wereborninthegreat

increase(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorld

WarII(1946-I960),followedbyaGenerationX”people(born1960-1980)

whoweresaidtobringnew

attitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpected

togetskillsandhaveacareerbefore

them.uGenerationY,,orthe^MillenialGeneration”(born1980sand

1990sandbecomingadultinthenew

millenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;

theyaresaidtobespoiltbydoting

parents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiverse

peopleinamulticulturalsociety.In

thepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)Generation

Grunt,whichisanironicname

referringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork-thismay

betheonlyworkavailabletosome

graduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebefore

theyfindsomethingmore

suitable."Grunt”alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersand

tothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;

whenpeople“grunt”theyexpressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewith

words-thismaybehowtheparents

ofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!

AreferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecame

popularinthel960s.Beforethat

therewereacademicugrammarschools”andmoregeneralusecondary

modern”schoolsforthosewhodid

notpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschools

weredesignedforallstudentsin

asocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhetherthey

wereacademicornot.Thosestudents

whowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudy

particularlyhard(Iworkedmybackside

off)togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschools

whereallstudentswereacademic-comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhad

tostruggletogettouniversity.

Thisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhich

makesthepersonlooklikea

giantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressed

insuchacostumewhenhehadajob

advertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolioLoco(TheCrazyChicken,

inSpanish)-thejobmeantthathehad

towalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstocome

totherestaurant.

Languagepoints

1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeat

wellandgotothe

oddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)

Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson'suniversityfeesandliving

expenses(sothathecouldeat

well)andforoccasionalsocialevents-atgraduationthesememories

ofmoneyweremostlyforgotten

becausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoney

againbecausethesondoesn,t

haveajobanddoesn,tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.

2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberof

GenerationGrunt.

(Para2)

ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents'generationwho

workedhard,gotjobs,andhad

goodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoa

memberofGenerationGrunt-he

doesn,tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn,tgetajob(or

canonlydoalowstatusrouting

job).

3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing'too

detached,andtalkingin

languagethatwas4tootechnocratic\whichIdidn'tthinkpossible^butobviously

itis.(Para5)

Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticized

intheselectioninterviews:

Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic

(heusedthelanguageofa

technicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywanted

toshowhisexpertiseinhis

languagesohecan'tunderstandthiscriticism.

4Fortherestitis9-to-5"chilling”beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)

Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoods

onasupermarketshelf)chillout

allday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing-theydon'tlookfor

work)andgotopubforadrinkinthe

evening.

5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagood

university?..(Para6)

Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschool

foracademicstudents)andsohe

hadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:Yourmeansyour

bottom-thepartofyour

bodythatyousiton-toisinformalanditmeans

youworkveryhardindeed.

6...buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandher

husbandfindittrickyto

advisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)

Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalso

workingfull-time),soshedoes

nothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice

(difficulttodo).

7Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountor

sapyourreserveof

emotionalenergy.(Para11)

TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.

Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents?money

unnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyand

emotions.Saptheirmeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.

8Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.

(Para12)

Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothatthey

getbackintocontroloftheirlives.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

Teachingtips

GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheother

answersarewrong(See

below).

1Whyhasn,tJackGoodwingotajobyet?

(a)Hedoesn,thaveaverygooddegree.

(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)

(b)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.

(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)

(c)Itisn,teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.

(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)

(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.

(No,hedoesn,tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:hewatchesTVandtalks

tofriends.)

2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?

(a)Doingatemporaryjob.

(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn,t

wanttodothis.)

(b)Watchingtelevision.

(HewatchesTValot.)

(c)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.

(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn'twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)

(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.

(No,hedoesn,tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)

3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?

(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.

(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)

(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.

(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionof

sailing.)

(c)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.

(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;

theothersseemtobelike

Jack.)

(d)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.

(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack'sfriendsseemtodo

thiswork.)

4HowareJack'sparentshelpinghim?

(a)Bylookingforjobsforhim.

(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there*snothinghereabouthis

parentshelpinghimlookfora

job.)

(b)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.

(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,the

passagedoesnotsaythat

Jack'sparentshavepaidforthis.)

(c)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefinanciallyaware.

(Thepassagedoesnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisistheimplicationabout

thecut-offpointafterthe

tripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentandcontributetothehousehold

bills.)

(d)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.

(No,theyhaven'tthreatenedtodothis,buttheydefinitelywanthim

toworkafterhegetsbackfrom

histrip.)

5WhatdoesGaelLindenfieldsayaboutJack"sparents?

(a)TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack'sproblems.

(No,shedoesn,tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalancebeingpositivewith

notmakinglifetoo

comfortable.Thisdoesn,tmeantheyhaven?tunderstoodJack's

problems.)

(b)TheyhavemadelifetoocomfortableforJack.

(No,shesaystheymustbalancecomfortwithbeingpositive.Thisdoesn,t

necessarilymeanthatthey

havealreadymadelifetoocomfortableforJack.)

(c)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.

(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)

(d)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.

(No,shedoesn,tsaythis.)

6WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceWillisandBradPitthaveincommon?

(a)Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.

(No,wedon'tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdidthis.)

(b)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpowerplants.

(No,wedon,tknowisanyofthemdidthis)

(c)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.

(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)

(d)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.

(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadcompletelydifferenttemporary

jobs.)

Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsor

events(proceed)

2theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother

(transition)

3notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotional

way(detached)

4referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(upcoming)

5tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)

6toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)

7tosaywhathappened(recount)

4CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity

3.

Itisn'teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudent

toanunemployedyoungadult

(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,

wonderingifandhowtheircareer

isgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiod

ofinactivitylikethis,when

(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothesamestrange

psychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,

theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlook

forajob,andtendtoregard

(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotveryimportant.Typically,

backathomeafterthreeorfour

yearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,

inmanycases,becomedependent

againontheirparents.

5Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthe

box.Youmayneedtomake

otherchanges.

1Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon,

(comprehensive)

2Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence,(cop)

3HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)

4Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice,

(clutched)

5YoushouldspeaktoToby;he'sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours,

(advocate)

6Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn'tgot

bettercompletely,(healed)

6Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.

1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture?

2Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?

3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)more

activethanusual?

4Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon,t

wantto,or(b)helpyouby

listeningtowhatyouhavetosay?

5Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stay

athomeanddonothing?

7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.

1Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayfor

something?

2Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesame

journeytogether,or(b)in

thesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?

3Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircleydoyou(a)feelyouarebackwhere

youstarted,or(b)feelasense

ofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompletedsomething?

4Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindand

sympatheticway,or(b)ina

lazywaywithoutmakingadecision?

5Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself

(a)well,or(b)badly?

6Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or

(b)notcareaboutit?

7Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddleyareyouencouragingthemto(a)

takeresponsibilityagain,or

(b)takeiteasy?

8Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefully

andsensitively,or(b)refer

toitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?

Readingandinterpreting

8Answerthequestions.

1"Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?Whatmooddoes

itexpress?

Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphisaddressedtoparents

(earlieritsays“yourgraduate

son").Themoodseemstoexpresspatienceorresignationbecausetheword

"ever"suggeststhatgetting

ajobwilltakealongtime.

2WhodescribesGenerationYas“rebelswithoutacause"?Isitafair

description?

Thisisthewriter1sdescriptiontoindicatethatthisgenerationis

rebellingagainstparentsorsociety,

buttheyhavenothingparticulartorebelagainst.Thisdoesn,tseemvery

fairbecausethestudentsare

tryingtofindwork-itisjustthattheydon'tliketheirparents

naggingthem.Sotheyareabitrebellious

againsttheirparents,butnomorethanthat.

3Jackuwalkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackout

again”.Whatdoesthissuggest

aboutJack,scharacter?

ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoonashesawthequeue

heleftwithoutwaitingand

withouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.

4Jackspentthesummer“hiding”.Hidingfromwhat?Whyarequotation

marksused?

Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,stayingathome

andnotlookingforajob.

Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn'tliterallyhiding,hejustspent

alotoftimeathome.

5HowisMrsGoodwin'spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonal

experience?

Inonewayherexperiencehasn,taffectedherattitude:Sheleftschool

andwentimmediatelytoajob

(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeenworkingfull-timesincethen

andyetsheissympatheticand

takesasoftline.

6HowisLindenfield,spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonal

experience?

Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabarbeforefindingher

firstproperjobasanaerial

photographicassistant.Soshesayssuchworkisagreatnetworking

opportunity.Ifnewgraduatesare

goodatsuchworkandbright,cheerfulandpolite,theywillsoonbe

promoted.Herpersonalexperience

thusreflects-orperhapshascreated-herpointofview.

7Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedoniftheyhadbeen

presentedfromthepointofview

ofthestudentsratherthantheparents?

Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneedforthenew

graduatestorestforabitafter

theirhardstudies.ItisOKforstudentstorelaxwiththeTVorto

socializewithfriendsforawhile,then

theycanstartaserioussearchforemploymentafterthat.

Activereading(2)

Ifyouaskme

Backgroundinformation

Thisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicsgraduatewho

getsajobinapubforayearand

thenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful(aluckybreak).Sheworksin

aLondonpubcalled"TheSalisbury”

or“TheMarquisSalisbury”,namedaftersomeonewhowastheBritish

PrimeMinisterthreetimesbetween

1885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthepub'sland.The100year

oldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,

justofftheCharingCrossRoadandLeicesterSquare.Daytimecustomers

cangetapublunchandevening

customersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers(thepubisnear

manyWestEndtheatres).The

interiorofthispubisdazzling,withlargemirrors,cutglassanda

mahoganydecor.

Britishpubsareoftennamedafterfamouspeople{RobinHood,TheDuke

ofWellington)orroyalty(The

Queen"sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols(TheRoseandCrown

torepresentKingEdward

III,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesIIwhooncehidinalarge

oaktree).Othernamesofteninclude

coloursandanimals(TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,TheGoldenLion,The

Swan)orsymbolsoftraditional

trades(TheCompassesforcarpenters,TheThreeHammersforblacksmiths,

TheThreeTunsforwinemakers).

Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplacetogetadrink,

peopleoftenplaygameslikedominoes

ordartsorjoinaquizorcompetition.Acommonexpressionisto“go

downthepub"or“goroundtothe

localn(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).

Culturepoints

pubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegoforadrinkandtomeet

friendsandsocialize.Peoplecan

playgames-suchasdarts,cards,dominoes-inapubandpubsoften

havequiznights,withprizesforthe

winners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)

TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(SeealsoBackground

information)

LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguisheduniversityincentralLondon,

famousforsocialsciences.

Languagepoints

1Ifyouaskme,reallifeisnotallit'scrackeduptobe.(Para1)

Inmyopinion(introducesanopinion),reallifeisnot

everythingthatpeoplesayitis.Ifa

thing,peoplenormallypraiseitbutintheopinionof

thespeakertheyarewrong.

2…spendingmoneywhenyoudon'thaveanyisdeadeasy*(Para7)

heremeansvery.Forexample,wecansay(exhausted),

(acompletelossor

useless),adeadweight(veryheavy,difficulttolift).

3Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)

Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?Thewriteris

emphasizingherethatsuchkindnessis

veryunusual.

4...lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneortwobreaksinyour

lifetosucceed.

(Para13)

Aheremeansachancetobesuccessful.Aisanunexpected

opportunity.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

1Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingherdegree?

z\

/a)

v/TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

z\

(bJ

\/Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.

z\

(c)

\zTostartworkingassoonaspossible.

z\

(dJ

\/Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.

2WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?

(a)Shewashungryandthirsty.

(b)Shethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.

(c)Shewasafriendofthelandlord.

(d)Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.

3Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?

(a)Abunchofflowers.

(b)ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.

(c)Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.

(d)Shedidn,thaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthebills.

4WhydidTonygiveher￡20,000?

(a)Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp.

(b)Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.

(c)Hewantedhertoleavethepubandworkforhim.

(d)Hewassecretlyinlovewithher.

5Whatdidshedowiththemoney?

(a)SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.

(b)Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.

(c)SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandotherinvestors.

(d)Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.

6WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?

zX

(a)

x/Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyforawheelchair.

z\

(b

\7Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain.

/\

lc)

\zItprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.

z

(d

\Shepaidbacktheloanwithalot