PAGEPAGE20專題2形容詞和副詞框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖形容詞和副詞的功能1.形容詞的功能：形容詞主要是用來修飾名詞或代詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)，在句中：①作定語修飾名詞或代詞，說明其性質(zhì)、特征等；②作表語與連系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征；③作補足語說明賓語或主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征；④作狀語主要表示緣由、伴隨等。⑤作獨立成分。2.副詞的功能：副詞作狀語說明動作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的特征，常用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語及整個句子等。形容詞和副詞的核心考點1.形容詞和副詞的位置形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動詞后面作表語。而副詞則是用來修飾形容詞、動詞、其他副詞或者句子的，一般位于形容詞之前，動詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種特別狀況，須牢記：(1)形容詞短語作定語，須后置。ataskdifficulttofinish(2)表語形容詞(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定語，須后置，如amanalive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well，faint，ill只作表語；sick既可作表語又可作定語。ill假如不是表示身體或精神上“不適的”“不健康的”“有病的”等，而是表示類似bad(不好的)的意思時，通常只作定語。He’sbeenillsincethen.Byillluck，myflighthadbeencancelled.(3)形容詞用作定語，修飾由不定代詞one，no，any，some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything，something等時，通常后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(4)else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。(5)enough修飾名詞前置或后置均可；修飾形容詞、動詞或副詞時，必需后置。(6)幾個副詞并列作狀語時，其依次較敏捷，但一般是：方式→地點→時間。WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.(7)頻度副詞如often，always，usually等放在be動詞后，行為動詞前。(8)副詞作定語，須后置。Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.(9)幾個并列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定詞(包括冠詞、全部格、人稱代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等)＋觀點詞(品質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，即表示好、壞、美、丑等的詞)＋形態(tài)或樣式詞(大小、長短或凹凸詞)＋年齡或新舊詞＋顏色詞＋產(chǎn)地或來源詞＋材料或種類詞＋用途詞＋名詞。aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella(10)以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。①下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。②表原意(無-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(deep深,deeply深化地))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(wide寬廣,widely廣泛地))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(high高,highly高度地))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(low位置低,lowly地位卑微地))③有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dead完全，確定bedeadasleep,deadly特別bedeadlytired))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(pretty相當beprettycertainthat...,prettily美麗地beprettilydressed))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(close近Don’tsitclose.,closely親密地Watchclosely！))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(late晚，遲arrivelate，comelate,lately最近Ihaven’tseenhimlately.))2.形容詞和副詞的比較等級(1)原級的構(gòu)成和用法。構(gòu)成：形容詞、副詞的原級即本身。用法：表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時，用“as＋原級形容詞/副詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時，用“notso/as＋原級形容詞/副詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時，用“倍數(shù)＋as＋原級形容詞/副詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.Thisbuildinglooksnotso/ashighasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.(2)比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成。駕馭比較級和最高級的變更規(guī)則，熟記少數(shù)不符合規(guī)則的特別形容詞和副詞。(3)比較級的用法。①表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess＋原級＋than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.③表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even，alot，abit，alittle，still，much，far，yet，byfar等修飾。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.留意：(A)英語的比較級前如無even，still或yet等時，譯成漢語時可用“較”或“……一些”或不譯出，一般不行用“更”。Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday.她今日身體好些了。Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.請明天早點來。(B)byfar通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變更時，用“the＋比較級(主語＋謂語)，the＋比較級(主語＋謂語)”的結(jié)構(gòu)(意為“越……就越……”)。Theharderheworks，thehappierhefeels.⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的變更時，用“比較級＋and＋比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(較好的，優(yōu)于……)，junior(資格較淺的)，senior(資格較老的)，prior(在……之前)等。HeissuperiortoMrZhanginchemistry.⑦在比較從句中為了避開重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人又可指物；that可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(相當于theone)和不行數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.I’mafraidAlice’stheonlyonewhocandoit.⑧倍數(shù)表達法。(A)Aisthree(four，etc.)timesthesize(height，length，etc.)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.(B)Aisthree(four，etc.)timesasbig(high，long，etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.(C)Aisthree(four，etc.)timesbigger(higher，longer，etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.留意：用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double。(4)最高級的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the＋最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notquite，notreally等詞或短語修飾。Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notreally/bynomeans/notquitethebiggest.③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。④形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.⑤作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.⑥否定詞＋比較級＝最高級Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.(5)形容詞和副詞前面運用冠詞的狀況。①形容詞最高級前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前可不加冠詞。②形容詞最高級前有時加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“特別”。Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost＝very)Thefilmismostinteresting.(most＝very)③表示兩者間“較……的一個”，比較級前加the。Whoistheolderofthetwoboys?④在“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用省略形式。Themore，thebetter.(6)由as組成的形容詞或副詞短語。①asmuchas＋不行數(shù)名詞數(shù)量多達……Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.Shecouldearnasmuchas100dollarsaweek.②asmanyas＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量多達……Ihaveasmanyassixteenreferencebooks.③asearlyas早在AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.④asfaras遠到；就……而知(論)Wemightgoasfaras(遠到)thechurchandback.AsfarasIknow(據(jù)我所知)，hehasbeentherebefore.⑤may(might，could)aswell不妨，不如Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.⑥as...asonecan盡某人所能的……Hebegantorun，asfastashecould.⑦as...aspossible盡可能……的Justgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.3.幾組重要的詞語辨析(1)very和much的區(qū)分。①可分等級的形容詞和副詞前運用very不用much。②表示狀態(tài)的分詞形容詞前用very。如averyfrightenedboy，averytiredchild，averycomplicatedproblem。一般狀況下，以-ing，-ed結(jié)尾的分詞形容詞多用much，verymuch，greatly等修飾。WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.IwasmuchamusedbyJack’sattitude.③已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：veryinteresting/worrying/exciting。④too前用much，alot或far，不用very。如：Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另外，在toomany/much，toofew/little前可用far。There’sfartoolittleopportunityforadventurethesedays.We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.⑤關(guān)于原級形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：(A)修飾“確定”意義的形容詞，一般不用very，而用quite，completely，well，entirely。如：quitewrong(mistaken，sure)，completelydead，quiteimpossible，quiteperfect等。(B)修飾以a-開頭的形容詞，多有特別的修飾詞：quitealone，verymuchalone，wideawake，fastasleep，verymuchafraid。(C)修飾一些特別形容詞的修飾語有：bewellworth，muchthesame，freezingcold，quitedifferent，terriblycold/frightening。(2)so...that...與such...that...的區(qū)分。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋形容詞/副詞＋that...,so＋形容詞＋an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...,so＋many/few＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋that...,so＋much/little少＋不行數(shù)名詞＋that...))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(such＋an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...,such＋形容詞＋不行數(shù)名詞＋that...,such＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋that...))留意：下列結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用so不行用such：當名詞前有many，much，little，few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時，如somuchprogress，somanypeople，solittlefood，sofewapples等。但當little表示“小”時用such，如：Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.下列短語中so的用法是錯誤的：soadifficultproblem，sodifficultproblems，sohotweather。(3)其他幾組詞的辨析。①ago，before：ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”；before指以過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻為起點的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。②already，yet，still：already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；yet表示期盼某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進行，主要用于確定句。③too，also，either：too和also用于確定句，too多用于口語，also多用于書面語；either用于否定句。④good，well：與good不同的是，well作形容詞用，只能在系動詞后作表語，表示“身體狀況好的”；well還可作副詞修飾動詞。⑤quick，fast：作形容詞皆表示“快的”。fast多指運動的物體，含持續(xù)的意思；quick多指一次動作的靈敏、突然，而且持續(xù)的時間較短。⑥r(nóng)eal，true：作形容詞皆表示“真的”。real強調(diào)真實存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語；true指與事實標準和實際狀況相符合，在句中作表語或定語。⑦hard，difficult：均表示“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大于hard。它們都可作定語和表語。1.搭配錯誤eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(誤Judgingfromhissadlyface...,正Judgingfromhissadface...))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(誤LittleTomfeltverysadly.,正LittleTomfeltverysad.))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(誤Youwillgetwarmwelcomed.,正Youwillgetwarmlywelcomed.))2.漢語干擾，詞性混亂(1)形容詞誤作動詞(誤)HeeagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.(正)Heis

eagertoknoweverythingaboutChina.(2)形容詞與名詞混淆(誤)Thesportteachesustheimportantofobedience.(正)Thesportteachesustheimportanceofobedience.(3)形容詞與副詞混淆(誤)Unfortunate，manypeopleareignorantofit.(正)Unfortunately，manypeopleareignorantofit.3.比較級的錯誤表達(誤)Thesealevelisrisingmore

and

more

high.(誤)Thesealevelisrisingmore

and

more

higher.(正)Thesealevelisrisinghigher

and

higher.考向1詞形變換之形容詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Runningischeap，easyandit’salwaysenergetic(energy).(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析連系動詞is后接形容詞作表語，故填energy的形容詞形式energetic。2.AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析fertilizerconsumption是名詞短語，故應(yīng)當用形容詞修飾。故填global。3.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.(2024·浙江)解析依據(jù)前面的be可知，此處是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用形容詞；依據(jù)eatingoutonceortwiceaweek并結(jié)合常識可知應(yīng)是“付得起(affordable)”。4.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However，becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析be之后接形容詞作表語，care的形容詞形式是careful。5.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemostsuccessful(success)ofthesenewlines，andwasopenedin1900.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析“oneofthe＋形容詞最高級＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……的……之一”，此處應(yīng)填success的形容詞形式successful。6.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser，andshenoticedashiny/shining(shine)object.(2024·浙江)解析空格處修飾名詞object，故用形容詞。shine的形容詞形式為shiny或shining，意為“閃閃發(fā)光的”。7.Shewasaverycaring/careful(care)mother.For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomethingtoeat！(2024·四川)解析空格處修飾名詞mother，故用形容詞。care的形容詞是caring(照料他人的)或careful(細心的)。在此，兩個形容詞在語意上都能講得通。8.Asnatural(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式。Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Ifelteq\f(happily,happy)thattheirlifehadimproved.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析feel在此處是連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語。2.Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofaeq\f(larger,large)groupofpeople.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析句意為：我不敢在一大群人面前說話。這里沒有比較的意味，故把larger改為large。3.ItwasareliefandIcametoaeq\f(suddenly,sudden)stopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析此處stop是名詞，名詞前用形容詞修飾，所以把suddenly改為sudden。4.Ienjoyedstudyingeq\f(difference,different)kindsofcarsandplanes，playingpopmusic，andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析形容詞修飾名詞kinds。5.Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbeeq\f(freely,free)fromthem.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。6.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryeq\f(seriously,serious)problem.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析名詞前應(yīng)當用形容詞作定語。故seriously應(yīng)改為serious。7.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallyeq\f(well,good).(2015·陜西)解析句意為：我認為餅干真的很好。good作形容詞，意為“好的”，而well作形容詞意為“健康的，相宜的”。由句意可知此處應(yīng)用good?？枷?詞形變換之副詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange：Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens，pigs，andcattle.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析句意為：對肉的需求事實上是這種變更的背后緣由。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用副詞修飾整個句子。故填actually。2.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析所填詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，故用fair的副詞形式fairly。3.Itiscertainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析此處應(yīng)當用副詞來修飾形容詞fun。certain的副詞形式為certainly。4.Fromtomorrow，IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析修飾謂語動詞應(yīng)當用副詞。5.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhichgradually(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞。6.Chinesescientistsrecently(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.(2024·四川)解析空格處修飾動詞短語hadachance，應(yīng)用副詞。recent的副詞形式是recently。7.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularly(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析空格處修飾謂語動詞arrange，要用副詞形式regularly。8.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowly(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析修飾謂語動詞giveout，因此要用副詞形式。9.Heownedafarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.Luckily(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015·廣東)解析其次句句意為：幸運的是，他還有一頭奶牛，每天都能產(chǎn)奶。luckilyadv.幸運的是，這里用副詞修飾整個句子。Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.eq\f(Immediate,Immediately)，Iraisedmyhand.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析此處要用副詞在句中作狀語修飾整個句子，故把immediate改為immediately。2.ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenteq\f(here,there)again，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchickens.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析去鄉(xiāng)下探望爺爺奶奶，應(yīng)當是“遠指”而非“近指”，故把here改為there。3.Instead，hehopesthathisbusinesswillgroweq\f(steady,steadily).(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析修飾謂語動詞用副詞。4.DadandIwereeq\f(terrible,terribly)worried.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析worried為形容詞化了的過去分詞，修飾形容詞應(yīng)當用副詞，所以將terrible改為terribly。5.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass，Icouldeq\f(easy,easily)seethefootballfield.(2015·浙江)解析修飾動詞see要用副詞，故將easy改為easily?？枷?形容詞和副詞的比較等級Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Therecouldbeanevenhigher(high)costonyourhealth.(2024·浙江)解析“副詞even＋比較級”表示“更……”，強調(diào)程度。2.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannon-runners.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：常常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。依據(jù)than可知用比較級，故填longer。3.Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Evenworse(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比較級形式。evenworse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。4.Sixteenyearsearlier(early)，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.(2024·浙江)解析sixteenyearsearlier意為“早在16年前”。5.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseofgreater(great)andlessimportance.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析依據(jù)后面的andless可知，此處也要用比較級形式。Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Theyoftengetupeq\f(earlier,early)andwaterthevegetablestogether.(2024·全國Ⅱ)解析此處敘述他們常常早起這一事實，沒有比較的意思，故不用比較級。2.Theywerealsothebestandeq\f(worse,worst)yearsinmylife.(2024·全國Ⅲ)解析與前面的best并列，此處應(yīng)用最高級。3.ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’seq\f(favoritest,favorite).(2024·四川)解析favorite沒有比較級和最高級。4.Mymummakestheeq\f(better,best)biscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.(2015·陜西)解析前面有定冠詞the，后面有表示范圍的intheworld，所以應(yīng)當用形容詞的最高級，故將better改為best。考向4易混淆形容詞、副詞與特別結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.(2024·浙江)解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，so與后面的that構(gòu)成句型so...that...，意為“如此……以至于……”。so修飾副詞loudly。2.ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhoursbefore/earlier，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，withitschokingsmog.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析由語境可知，幾個小時之前我還在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析這句話中含有so...that...(如此……以至于……)結(jié)構(gòu)，故much在此處是多余的。2.Afewminuteseq\f(late,later)，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.(2024·全國Ⅰ)解析“一段時間＋later”表示“多長時間之后”，是固定用法。3.eq\f(Much,Many)rareanimalsaredyingout.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析animals為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用many修飾；much只能修飾不行數(shù)名詞。故將Much改為Many。4.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析此處為so...that...句式，所以much前用副詞so修飾。故刪除very。5.Nearlyfiveyearseq\f(before,ago)，andwiththehelpofourfather，mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.(2014·新課標全國Ⅰ)解析相對于說話時以前用ago；相對于過去的某個時間或動作之前才用before。故將before改為ago。6.Asaresult，theplantsaregrowingeq\f(somewhere,everywhere).(2014·新課標全國Ⅰ)解析somewhere意為“某處”，而句意為“植物到處生長”，故somewhere應(yīng)改為everywhere。7.Theearlymorningbarkinghasbeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.eq\f(Beside,Besides)，Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.(2014·遼寧)解析此處表示“此外，而且”，應(yīng)用besides。beside在……旁邊。8.Wedon’tneedtodosoeq\f(many,much)homework.(2014·新課標全國Ⅱ)解析homework是不行數(shù)名詞，修飾不行數(shù)名詞用much不用many。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.HespoketomeinEnglishandstartedexplaininghispastlifewhenhewashealthy(health).2.Itmighthavemadeitalittleharder(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround，butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass.3.Lostinthetune，hecamesuddenlyuponahomeless(home)beggarlyinginthemidstofthesidewalk.Hereacheddown，touchedthebeggar’scheek，andlefta100-dollarbilltohim.4.Themorewedoforthepeople，thehappier(happy)we’llbe.5.Thelyricsofthesongsmakerapmusictruly(true)unique.6.Somepoliticianshavebeenquicktodescribetheeventassimpleviolent(violence)action.7.Theywereclearly(clear)long-standingcustomers，andIsupposetheymusthavestayedfaithful(faith)tohimbecausehehadpromisedtosellfruitofgoodquality.8.Theconclusionsarecontainedintheagency’slatest(late)report.9.Theteacherreplied，“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbesweeter(sweet).”10.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfeltpleased(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Thatistoomuchforus，consideringhoweq\f(closely,close)thehousesare.2.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline，andtrytoremainquietandeq\f(calmly,calm).3.eq\f(Beside,Besides)，Cleoalsohasagiftforpainting.4.Nooneinthecarriagehadeq\f(previous,previously)spokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.5.Myuncleseq\f(immediate,immediately)jumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.6.Iremembermygrandfatherveryeq\f(much,well/clearly).7.Tomakematterseq\f(bad,worse)，nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister，Maggie.8.Iamawfullyeq\f(tiring,tired)，butIknowI’llneverfallasleep.9.Todaywehadachemistrytest.Ifoundthetesteq\f(difficulty,difficult)，butItriedhardtodoit.10.Afterwaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogeteq\f(impatiently,impatient).Ⅲ.語法填空(形容詞和副詞專練)Idon’tthinkthereismuch1.difficulty(difficult)inlearningEnglishwell，becauseaslongasyoumasterthemethodandworkhard，youcanmakeprogress2.rapidly(rapid).Ibelievethatthe3.harder(hard)youworkatyourstudy，thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Forexample，LiPing，afriendofmine，isthe4.mosthard-workingstudentinourclass，andhegets5.higher(high)marksthananyotherstudentinourclassineveryEnglishtest.Ledbyhim，allthestudentsinourclassarestudyingEnglishharder6.thanbefore.Asaresult，inthe7.latest(late)Englishtest，ourclasswasthe8.better(good)ofthetwoclassestaughtbyourEnglishteacher，andthenumberofstudentswhogotexcellentmarksistwice9.larger(large)thanthatoftheother.10.Therefore，allofusshouldstudyhardnomatterwhatwelearn.Ⅰ.單句語法填空(一)1.Ronhadasuccessful(success)careerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.2.ThePalaceMuseumhasacollection(collect)of96millionpiecesofancientChineseartworks.3.ItwasabadnightforLouis.Hisresearchintheneighboringtowntooklonger(long)thanhehadexpected.4.Thatnight，Ifellasleepwithanewappreciation(appreciate)formymotherandhercaringhands.5.Ifwecarryourburdensallthetime，soonerorlater，astheburdenbecomesincreasingly(increasing)heavy，wewon’tbeabletocarryon.6.Hedidn’tputthethingswheretheybelonged，forwhichreasonhegothispunishment(punish).7.Astheycouldn’tplayoutdoors，theywereunhappy(happy)，andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.8.Theuniversityisveryfamous，sotherearealotofapplicants(applicant)whowanttobeadmittedtoit.9.Myauntadvisedsendingmetothehospital，andthetreatmentsheprovidedgavemyparentsvaluable(value)timetotakemetothehospital.10.Hisfriendadvisedhimtowritedowntheusefulexpressions(express)inhisnotebooksothathecouldusethemwhennecessary.11.Wecanstartthehabitbywritinglearningsummariesandremembertorecordsomethingimpressive(impress)andmeaningful.12.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience，especially(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.13.MuchsimplerasChinesegrammaris，Chinesehasatoneandwritingsystemthatismoredifficultforlearners(learn)tomaster.14.LittleTommyisreallyhardtodealwith.Youcan’tfindanoisier(noisy)boyintheclass.15.Whenyouarefacedwithchallenges，youshouldbelievethatconfidence(confident)iswhatmakesadifference.(二)16.Ofallthecitiesintheworld，oneofthetopsixhealthiest(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen，Denmark.17.Atthepressconference，agovernmentspokesmanexpressedhisgreatconcernforthesafety(safe)ofthethreetrappedworkers.18.MyapplicationwassuccessfulandIspenta(n)enjoyable(enjoy)monthlearningfilm-making.19.I’msureitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfortheimprovement(improve)ofwritingabilities.20.Surprisingly(surprising)，whenIgothome，Ifoundawet20billstucktotheground.21.In1971，afternearlytwohundredfailures(failure)，Tu’steamfoundanextractthatwas100%effectiveagainstthemalariaparasites—artemisinin.22.Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetter(good)oneisputforward，we’llmakedowithit.23.Youmayfindtoyouramazement(amaze)thatthereismorekindnessinyourcommunitythanyoueverbelievedpossible.24.Thescientistssaythatthecurrentwarmingcouldhavethesameeffectonmammalsandcouldevenmakehumanssmaller(small).25.WhenthedognamedJudyspottedthefirstsheepinherlife，shedidwhatcomesnaturally(natural).Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)(一)1.OnedayinSeniorGrade1，IhappenedtoseeanEnglishmovienamedSpeed.Itwassoeq\f(interested,interesting)thatIwatcheditagainandagain.2.Mumtaughtmesomebasiceq\f(step,steps)ofbaking.3.WhenMrTangslowlywentintotheclassroom，wecouldseeeq\f(clear,clearly)thatitwashardforhimtoleaveusthoughhehadtaughtusforonlythreemonths.4.Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmucheq\f(strong,stronger)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.5.Afterall，onlybyworkingeq\f(hardly,hard)canonesucceed.6.WithoutMotherandFather’slove，Iwouldn’tbeleadingsuchaeq\f(happily,happy)lifenow.7.Manyyoungboysandgirlshavethehabitofsmoking，thoughtheyaremiddleschooleq\f(student,students).8.AlittlechildisgreatfunandIliketoplaywithhimorhereq\f(cheerful,cheerfully).9.Afterthebathhelookedeq\f(energy,energetic)andrefreshed.10.Mymindlesswordsmusthavehurthimeq\f(deep,deeply).11.Therearesoeq\f(much,many)tomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.12.Isawanoldladycryingeq\f(sad,sadly)becauseshehadlostherticketandwasnotabletoaffordanotherone.13.Ihavefoundyourtipsonteachingsoeq\f(usefully,useful).14.Also，eq\f(activity,activities)arearrangedforyoutospendweekendstogetherwithyourhostfamily，soyoucanlearnAmericanEnglishinauthenticsituations.15.Youcanneverbetooeq\f(careless,careful)whencrossingthestreet.(二)16.I’dliketogiveyousomeeq\f(advices,advice)onhowtolearnChinesewell.17.Ihavefoundthatsomeofmyclassmatesstudyeq\f(deeply,deep)intothenight.18.IalsoreadnewsandwatchvideosontheInternetandfromothereq\f(source,sources).19.Ihavealotoffuneq\f(especial,especially)whenlearningEnglishwithcartoonmovies.20.Myfatherdidn’trealizetheeq\f(serious,seriousness)ofdrivingacarafterdrinking.21.Ifyouonlylearngrammarrulesbyheartanddon’tdoenougheq\f(exercise,exercises)，it’scertainthatyoucan’tunderstandthelanguageperfectly.22.eq\f(Lucky,Luckily)forme，myparentscanunderstandmystressfulconditionandoftencommunicatewithmewithencouragingwords.23.Arecentsurveyshowsthatmanystudentshavegotintosomebadlivingeq\f(habit,habits)，whichdogreatharmtotheirhealth.24.Aslongasyouformeq\f(health,healthy)habitsandkeepthem，you’llhaveastrongbodyandliveahealthylife.25.Mydreamistobecomeasuccessfuldoctor，helpingtosaveeq\f(people,people’s)lives.Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·廣西自治區(qū)二模)Chinamaybehometoboththelongestandhighestbridgesintheworld,1.

neitherisaspioneeringastheNanjingYangtzeRiverBridge.2.

(build)duringthe1960’s，thedouble-deckedbridge3.

(consider)innovativewhenitwascompletedin1968.Butmoreimportantlytosome，itwasalsothefirstmodernbridgetobedesignedandbuiltbyChinawithouthelpfromforeign4.

(architect).“Thebridgewassoimportantthatit’sundoubtedlyasymbolofthecity，”saidLuAndong，aprofessoratNanjingUniversity’sSchoolofArchitectureandUrbanPlanning.“Itisbeingrepaired5.

transportationandsafetypurposes，butIwouldexpectthechance6.

(transform)thebridge’stowerandtheattachedparkintoplacesofmemory.”Withalengthofover5,000feet，thebridge7.

(carry)bothcarsandtrains.8.

(it)upperdeckisafour-lanehighwaywithsidewalks，whiletherailwaytracksarenowpartoft