PAGEPAGE1閱讀理解-細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解四1、

Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反壟斷)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants(巨頭)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.

Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.

Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.

Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets(資產(chǎn))whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.

Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.

RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon'twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket

B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata

C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices

D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive

B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms

C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition

D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts3.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould

.A.killanewthreat

B.avoidthesizetrap

C.favourbiggerfirms

D.chargehigherprices4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.

B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.

C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.

D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.2

、ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?

A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

2.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensation

D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.

B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.

C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.

D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.3、

WhileWeChatisChina'sbiggestmobilemessagingapp(應(yīng)用軟件),therearemanyequivalent(相當(dāng)?shù)?appsinothercountriesthatoffersimilarfeatures(特征).WhatsApp(US)

Users:morethan300million

Platforms:Android,10S,WindowsPhone,BlackBerry

Features:Textchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing

Withmorethan300millionactiveusers,WhatsAppisoneofWeChat'sbiggestcompetitors.Developedbytwoex-Yahoo!employeesin2009,WhatsApporiginallyfocusedontextchat,butonAug6italsostartedpush-to-talkservice.It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.Theserviceisfreeforthefirstyear,afterwhich$0.99(6.06yuan)ischargedforone-yearsubscription.KakaoTalk(SouthKorea)

Users:morethan100million

Platforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandBada(anoperateingsystemdevelopedbySamsung)

Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,groupcalls,filesharing

Withmorethan100millionusersinmorethan230countries,KakaoTalkisamulti-platform(多平臺)textingapplicationthatallowsuserstosendandreceivemessagesforfree.WithKakaoTalk,userscanmessageeachotherone-ononeoringroupchatswithunlimitednumbersoffriends.Youcanalsochoosefrommorethan250animatedemoticons(表情符號)andsharethemwithfriends.Line(Japan)

Users:morethan200million

Platforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandPC

Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing,gaming,stickers.

Linetopsthelistofthemostdownloadedfreeappsin52countries.Apartfromtextandvoicemessaging,Lineprovidesitsuserswithmorethan250originalstickersandemoticonstobuyfromitsownshop.Inthefirstquarterof2013alone.itmade$,7millionjustfromstickers.ThepopularappalsoallowsfriendstobattleeachotherintheLINEGame.1.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto_______.

A.introducethemostpopularmobilemessagingappsinChina

B.talkaboutnewfeaturesinthelatestmobilemessagingapps

C.drawreaders'attentiontovariouspopularmobilemessagingapps

D.explainhowmobilemessagingappshavebecomesopopular

2.Comparedwiththeothertwoapps,whichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesLinestandout?

A.Groupmobilegames.

B.Freestickersandemoticons.

C.Freedownloadoftheapp.

D.Textandgroupchat.

3.OneofthepopularfeaturesofWhatsAppisthatusers_______.

A.cansendandreceivemessagesforfree

B.canenjoylivevideochatswithingroups

C.don'tneedtoworryaboutunwantedads

D.regularlysetfreestickersandemoticons4、

DuringthepastSpringFestival,manychildrenmayhavereceivedredpacketsfromtheirfamilies.ButXingPu,a40-year-oldeconomist,isaskingthegovernmenttogiveredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizen.

Xingsuggestedthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesesincethegovernmentincomehasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry’seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption(消費)aroundthecountry.

Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor(扶貧)andpro-rural(惠農(nóng))policies(政策),includingincreasingspendingonpublichealth-careandcuttingdowntheagriculturaltax.Butthelower-incomegroupstillneedsmorehelp.

XingsaidhehasborrowedmanyideasfrompracticesincountriesliketheUnitedStatesandSingapore.Earlierthisyear,thegovernmentsofthetwonationsofferedcashhandouts(救濟(jì))totheircitizens.AsforinChina,“Wecanevenencouragetherichtodonatetheir1,000yuanredpackettothepoor,”saidXing.

AlthoughXing’ssuggestionhasgainedwidesupportamongordinaryChineseontheInternet,manyothereconomistscriticizeditasunpractical.“Tobetterusetheincreaseofmoney,handingoutmoneyisnotasolutionthatholdsgoodforalltime.Itcouldbebettertoimprovethepublicserviceorcutthepriceofenergyuseindailylife,”saidQiaoXinsheng,aneconomicprofessor.1.XingPusuggestedthatthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesebecause________.

A.thepoorshouldgethelpfromtherich

B.thegovernmentshouldhelptherich

C.thegrowingeconomicpieshouldbesharedamongthepeople

D.thegovernmentdoesn’tknowhowtousethemoney

2.Whathasthegovernmentdonetohelpthelower-incomegroup?

A.Spendinglessonpublichealthcare.

B.Increasingtheagriculturaltax.

C.HandingoutmoneytoeveryChinese.

D.Carryingoutpro-poorandpro-ruralpolicies.

3.XingPu’sideasofgivingredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizenmainlycamefrom________.

A.childrenreceivingredpacketsfromtheirfamilies

B.theUSandSingaporegovernmentsofferingcashhandoutstotheircitizens

C.thegovernment’sincreasingspendingonpublichealthcare

D.therisingpricesinthecountry

4.AccordingtoQiaoXinsheng,whatisbetterthangivingoutmoney?

A.Supplyingfoodtoeveryoneeveryday.

B.Cuttingthepriceofenergyuseindailylife.

C.Controllingtherisingofprices.

D.Increasingthegovernmentincome.5、

Rockmusicinoneformoranotheristhemostpopulartypeofmusicallovertheworld.Butwherediditcomefrom?

RockbeganintheUSAintheearly1950s.Atthattime,“rhythmandblue”music

wasverypopularwithblackAmericans.“R&B”wasamixtureofblackreligiousmusicandjazz.Ithadstrongrhythmsthatyoucoulddancetoandsimple,fastwords.

NoticingthesuccessofR&Bmusic,whitemusiciansstartedtocopythesamestyle.Bythemid-1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock’n’roll,hadbecomeverypopular.SingerslikeElvisPresleyandBillHaleyattractedmillionsofteenagefans.Theirmusicwasfastandloud.Manyolderpeoplethoughtthatrock’n’rollwasverydangerous.

Bytheearly1960s,evenrock’n’rollhadbecomeold-fashioned.Manyofthesongshadbeguntosoundthesame.ItwasatthattimethatanewgroupfromEnglandbecamepopular—theBeatles.

TheBeatlesfirststartedbysingingAmericanstylesongs,buttheysoondevelopedtheirownstyle,withmorecomplicatedtunes.Theyalsointroduceddifferentinstruments.GroupsliketheBeatleshadaveryimportantinfluenceonthestyleofpopularmusic.

Bytheearly1970s,rock’n’rollhaddevelopedintoanewformofmusic.Electronicshadreplacedtheamplifiedguitarsanddrumsofrock’n’roll.“Rock”hadarrived.

Rockmusichadcontinuedtochangeanddevelop.Ithadcombinedwithmusicfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Today,therearehundredsofdifferenttypesofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrock.1.Whenhadrock’n’rollbecomeverypopular?

A.Bythemid-1950s.

B.Bytheearly1960s.

C.Bythemid-1960s.

D.Bytheearly1970s.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheBeatles?

A.ItwasnotanAmericangroup.

B.Thisgrouphadtheirownstyle.

C.ThisgroupmadeAmericanstylesongspopular.

D.Thestyleofpopularmusichadbeeninfluencedbythisgroup.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatElvisPresleyandBillHaley________.

A.weresingersof“R&B”

B.weresingersinthemid-1950s

C.weremembersoftheBeatles

D.werepopularwitholdpeople

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.PopularMusic

B.TheHistoryofRockMusic

C.DifferentFormsofMusicinAmerica

D.TheBeatles6、

Iwasreadingtheseinterestingstoriesbehindagroupofgreatlogosintheworld.PersonallyNikeismyfavoriteone—it’ssosimple.AndIlikedthestoriesbehindthem,whichmademeforgetallotherthings.McDonald’s,Apple,MercedesBenzandAdidasowngreatlogosaswell,andtheyareamongmyfavorites.

Nike

IntheGreekmyth,Nikeisthegoddessofvictoryandthesourceofinspirationforsoldiers.ThislogorepresentsthewinginthefamousstatueoftheGreekgoddess.Nike’slogowasdesignedbyCarolynDavidsonin1971for$35,andwasregisteredasatrademarkin1995.

McDonald’s

Thelogowasdesignedin1962byJimSchindlertoresemblethearchshaped(拱形的)signsonthesideofthecompany’sthenwalk-uphamburgerstand.Lateron,thetwogoldenarcheswerecombinedtogethertoformtheM.TheMcDonald’snamewasaddedtothelogoin1968.

Apple

TherearedifferentstoriesbehindApple’slogo.ThefirstlogowasareferencetothereligiousstoryofAdamandEve,inwhichtheapplerepresentedthefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Oneyearlater,thesecondlogowasdesignedin1977byStevenJobsandRonaldWayne,anditdescribedSirIsaacNewtonsittingunderanappletree.Thislogodidn’tstaylong.OneyearlateritwasreplacedalmostimmediatelybygraphicdesignerRobJanoff’s“rainbowapple”,arainbow-coloredsilhouette(輪廓)ofanapplewithabitetakenoutofit.Andthentherainbow-coloredapplewasreplacedbytheone-coloredlogoin1998.Ithasnotbeenchangedsofar.

MercedesBenz

TheMercedesBenzlogo,whichwasoriginallycreatedbyGottliebDaimlerin1909,consistsofasimpledescriptionofathree-pointedstarthatrepresentsitsruleoftheland,theseaandtheair.ThecompanywasfoundedbyGottliebDaimlerandWilhelmMaybach.MercedesisthenameofMaybach’selderdaughter,whileBenzcameasaresultofacombinationwithBenz,Cie.andDMGin1926.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestoriesofthegreatlogos?

A.Theyareboring.

B.Theyareattractive

C.Theyareoutofdate.

D.Theyarepractical

2.WhatdoesNike’slogostandfor?

A.Thegoddessofvictory

B.Thesourceofinspirationforsoldiers

C.ThewingoftheGreekgoddess

D.ThestatueoftheGreekgoddess

3.WecanlearnthatApple’spresentlogois______.

A.thereligiousstoryofAdamandEve

B.Newton’ssittingunderanappletree

C.abittenapplewithonlyonecolor

D.therainbow-coloredbittenapple

4.Whichofthefollowingtimeordersdescribesthebirthsofthegreatlogos?

A.Nike–McDonald’s–Apple–MercedesBenz.

B.MercedesBenz–McDonald’s–Nike–Apple.

C.MercedesBenz–Apple–Nike–McDonald’s.

D.Nike–MercedesBenz–McDonald’s–Apple.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理推斷題,依據(jù)其次段第一句中的“Suchsituation"可知答案在第一段,第一段示意出分化商業(yè)巨頭的緣由是他們限制了數(shù)據(jù)市場,故答案為A項。

2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題.依據(jù)第三段最終兩句可知答案是C項。

3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題.依據(jù)第五段其次、三句可知選B項。

4.推理推斷題.依據(jù)第六段可知,大數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)則的松動可以讓小公司獲得更多的機(jī)會,故選D項。2答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D解析：1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象見證了海洋中水流方向的變更。故D正確。

2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段其次句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?o,onbalance,thantheylose.可知富有國家從厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中得到的好處要大于所得到的壞處。接著在第三句中列舉了1997年的厄爾尼諾給美國經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的好處。故C項正確。

3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.依據(jù)ODI的觀點,為應(yīng)對厄爾尼諾政府應(yīng)當(dāng)做更多的投資預(yù)防厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的危害而不是在出現(xiàn)問題以后再進(jìn)行重新補(bǔ)救和復(fù)原。故A項正確。

4.目的意圖題。本文主要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象對地球的影響,并告知我們的政府應(yīng)當(dāng)做更多的投資預(yù)防厄爾尼諾的危害而不是在出現(xiàn)問題以后再進(jìn)行重新補(bǔ)救和復(fù)原。再依據(jù)最終一句“SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.”各國政府要把削減損失放在優(yōu)先的位置。也就是要事先做好打算。故D項正確。3答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.A;3.C解析：1.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可推知,第一段在文章中起導(dǎo)入作用,以引起讀者對各種移動溝通應(yīng)用軟件的關(guān)注,故選C項。

2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章對三個不同移動溝通應(yīng)用軟件特色的介紹可知,日本的Line有g(shù)aming和stickers這兩個特殊的功能,結(jié)合選項可知,故選A項。

3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)WhatsApp(US)部分的It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.可知,WhatsApp受人歡迎的特點就是沒有廣告。故選C。4答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption(消費)aroundthecountry.可知XingPu建議政府給每個中國人發(fā)1000元是因為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的果實應(yīng)當(dāng)大家共享。

2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor(扶貧)andpro-rural(惠農(nóng))policies,includingincreasingspendingonpublichealthcareandcallingofftheagriculturalt