PAGE1-Unit5Thepowerofnature核心素養(yǎng)拓展練素養(yǎng)解讀2025版《一般中學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》首次提出“學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)”。英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)由語言實力、文化意識、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)實力構(gòu)成。隨之而來，以后的英語考試將更加堅持實力立意，突出核心素養(yǎng)的考查。下面文段就是圍繞“文化意識”這一學(xué)科素養(yǎng)綻開的，文章介紹了世界上語言的種類隨著人類社會的發(fā)展而漸漸削減這一現(xiàn)象，旨在呼吁大家愛護這些面臨消逝的語言種類，保持語言的多樣性。eq\x(主題：語言學(xué)科素養(yǎng)：文化意識)(2024·全國Ⅰ，C)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards，manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers，andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies，trade，industrialisation，thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation，especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick，atrandom，BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers)，ChiapanecoinMexico(150)，LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one，withaquestion-mark)：noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上語言的種類隨著人類社會的發(fā)展而漸漸削減這一現(xiàn)象。1．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，一些語言專家認(rèn)為，一萬年前，當(dāng)世界上只有500萬到1000萬人時，他們之間可能說12000種語言。由此可推斷，采獵文明時期的語言種類很多。2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.答案C解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段中的“...allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear，anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish，SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.”可知，人類社會發(fā)展的很多因素導(dǎo)致很多語言消逝，而漸漸被如英語、西班牙語、漢語等語言取代，這就示意出這些語言是“占優(yōu)勢的”，故選C項(powerful強大的，有影響力的)。3．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.答案B解析數(shù)字計算題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Atpresent，theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言；再依據(jù)該段最終一句“Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知，目前世界上一半的語言的運用人數(shù)少于6000，也就是說有大約3400種語言的運用人數(shù)少于6000。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案C解析主旨大意題。文章介紹了語言的種類隨著人類社會的發(fā)展而漸漸削減這一現(xiàn)象，故選C項。Notes,Ⅰ.高頻詞匯1.populatevt.居住于；構(gòu)成人口2pulsoryadj.義務(wù)的；強制的3.globalisationn.全球化；全球性4.distributionn.分布；安排5.unevenadj.不勻稱的；不平坦的；參差不齊的Ⅱ.長難句分析Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages，oftenspokenbymanypeople，whilehot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.分析：這是一個由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句。while連接兩個并列分句，hot，wetzoneshavelots，oftenspokenbysmallnumbers其實是一個省略句，完整