GoodAfternoon!Everybody!Hello!WelcometostudytheSystematicHumanAnatomy.SystematicAnatomy101緒論軀干骨-1IntroducingMyselfGraduated:(1954)

ShandongUniversity&

PekingMedicalCollegeSpeciality:HumanAnatomyProfession:ProfessorAge:73yearsSystematicAnatomy201緒論軀干骨-11.Textbooks(教科書)1)柏樹令,應(yīng)大君:《系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)》,第5版,人民衛(wèi)生出版社,20012)ShihaiDing:SynopsisofSystematicHumanAnatomy(人體系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)綱要),

Reviseded.MedicalCollege,QingdaoUniversity,2003PointsforAttention

SystematicAnatomy301緒論軀干骨-12.ReferenceBooks

(參考書)

1)于頻:《彩色人體解剖圖譜》,人民衛(wèi)生出版社,1998

2)于頻王序:《新編人體解剖圖譜》,

遼寧出版社,1999

3)丁士海韓棣:《人體解剖學(xué)》,第2版,上?？萍汲霭嫔?20004)楊琳高英茂:《格氏解剖學(xué)》,第38版,

遼寧教育出版社,沈陽,1999PointsforAttention

SystematicAnatomy401緒論軀干骨-13.AboutTeaching(關(guān)于教學(xué))

1)Totalclasshours(總學(xué)時(shí)):108hrs,6hrs/week2)Teachingprogress(教學(xué)進(jìn)度):bytheTeachingProgressForm3)Teachingmethod(教學(xué)方法):a.Lecture(講課):2/3,usingEnglishandChinesebyPowerPoint.

b.Practice(實(shí)習(xí)):1/3,inLab.RoomNo2.PointsforAttention

SystematicAnatomy501緒論軀干骨-14.AboutSomeRules(有關(guān)規(guī)則)1)Startingthelesson:Monitorshouldsay“Standup!Goodmorning!”(班長喊起立).2)Everyoneshouldtakethewhiteovercoatinthelab(穿白大衣).PointsforAttention

SystematicAnatomy601緒論軀干骨-1PointsforAttention

3)Everygroupshouldbeturnedondutytocleantheroom,blackboardandallthespecimensandmodelsshouldbeputinorderaftertheclosingofthelesson(小組值日).SystematicAnatomy701緒論軀干骨-14)Allthespecimensandmodelsdonotpermittotakeoutofthelab(標(biāo)本模型不準(zhǔn)帶出室外).5.AboutStudying(有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí))

1)Preparethetextbookbeforeteaching(預(yù)習(xí)).PointsforAttention

SystematicAnatomy801緒論軀干骨-12)Reviewthetextbookandnotebookafterteaching(復(fù)習(xí)).3)Watchingthespecimensasmuchaspossible(多看標(biāo)本).4)Ifyouhaveanyquestion,pleaseaskteacherassoonaspossible(及時(shí)提問).PointsforAttention

SystematicAnatomy901緒論軀干骨-1SYSTEMATICHUMANANATOMYForClassNo5,Grade2003DepartmentofHumanAnatomyMedicalCollegeQingdaoUniversitySystematicAnatomy1001緒論軀干骨-1INTRODUCTIONA.DefinitionandPurpose(定義和目的)

HumanAnatomy(人體解剖學(xué))

isthebasicsciencedealingwiththegrossmorphology,structureandfunctionofthenormalhumanbody.HumanAnatomy

isthe

basiccourse

(基礎(chǔ)課)

ofpreclinicalandclinicalcurriculum,soit

isimportantto

layafoundation

forbeingadoctor.SystematicAnatomy1101緒論軀干骨-1B.Classifications(分科)1.SystematicAnatomy

(系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué))--composedbysystems.

e.g.skeletalsystem,digestivesystem,nervoussystemetc.

2.Regional(Topographic)Anatomy

(局部解剖學(xué))--composedbyregions.e.g.head,neck,upperlimb,

abdomenetc.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1201緒論軀干骨-1C.TheGeneralStructureoftheHumanBody(人體基本結(jié)構(gòu))1.Cells

(細(xì)胞)--thecellistheunitofthestructureofthebody.

2.Tissues(組織)--groupsofcellsmakedifferentiatedtoformthetissuesofbody.3.Organs

(器官)--varioustissuescomposedanorgan.e.g.stomach,liver,etc.

4.Systems

(系統(tǒng))--aseriesoforgansmakeupasystemtoserveasanunifiedfunction.

e.g.bonysystem,muscularsystem,urinarysystemetc.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1301緒論軀干骨-1D.TermsofDirection(方位術(shù)語)

1.

Anatomicalposition

(解剖學(xué)姿勢):

Alldescriptionsoflocationorpositionassumethebodytobeinstandingerect,facingforwardwitharmsatthesidesaswellasthe

palmsandthetoesanterior.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1401緒論軀干骨-12.

Directions:

1)Superior(上)andInferior

(下)

Superiormeansabove.Inferior

meansbelow.

Onlimbs--proximal

(近側(cè))anddistal

(遠(yuǎn)側(cè))

Ontrunk--

cranial

(頭側(cè))andcaudal

(尾側(cè))INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1501緒論軀干骨-12)AnteriorandPosterior

(前和后)--Anteriortowardthefront.Posteriorreferstotheback.

Sometimesinsteadof

ventral

(腹側(cè))and

dorsal

(背側(cè))

3)MedialandLateral

(內(nèi)側(cè)和外側(cè))

-Medialmeansnearestmedianplaneofthebody.Lateral

towardstheside.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1601緒論軀干骨-14)SuperficialandDeep(淺和深)--superficial-nearertothesurfaceofthebody.

deep-fartherfromthesurfaceofthebody.

5)InternalandExternal(內(nèi)和外)-internal--nearertoacavity.

external--fartherfromacavity.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1701緒論軀干骨-1E.

TermsofAxes

(軸術(shù)語)1.SagittalAxis

(矢狀軸)--Anaxisisdefinedbyanteriorandposteriordirections.

2.Coronal(Frontal)Axis

(冠狀軸)-Anaxisisdefinedbyrightandleftdirections.3.VerticalAxis

(垂直軸)--Anaxisisverticaltothehorizontallevel.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1801緒論軀干骨-1E.

TermsofPlane

(切面術(shù)語)1.SagittalPlane

(矢狀面)--Aplanedividingthebodyintorightandleftportions.

2.Coronal(Frontal)Plane

(冠狀面)-Aplanedividingthebodyintoanteriorandposterior.3.Horizontal(Transverse)Plane

(水平面)--Aplanedividingthebodyintosuperiorandinferiorportions.INTRODUCTIONSystematicAnatomy1901緒論軀干骨-1PARTITHELOCOMOTIVESYSTEM1.Bones(骨)

(Osteology骨學(xué))2.

Joints(關(guān)節(jié))

(Arthrology關(guān)節(jié)學(xué))3.

Muscles(骨骼肌)

(Myology肌學(xué))SystematicAnatomy2001緒論軀干骨-1Chapter1

BONYSYSTEM

(OSTEOLOGY)

骨骼系統(tǒng)

(骨學(xué))SystematicAnatomy2101緒論軀干骨-1Section1

IntroductionA.ClassificationofBones(分類)

(Accordingtoshape)

1.LongBones(長骨)--

shaft(body)andtwoextremities(ends).long,levers,inlimbs.

2.ShortBones(短骨)--

short,support,inwrist&foot.

SystematicAnatomy2201緒論軀干骨-1Introduction3.FlatBones(扁骨)--

flat,protect,aroundcavities.4.IrregularBones

(不規(guī)則骨)--

varied,inspinalcolumn&face.5.SesamoidBones

(籽骨)--

likesoybean,derivefromtendon.SystematicAnatomy2301緒論軀干骨-1IntroductionB.

StructureofBones

1.BoneSubstance

(骨質(zhì))

1)compact(dense)bone(骨密質(zhì))

2)cancellous(spongy)bone(骨松質(zhì)):trabeculae(骨小梁)

[osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松癥]SystematicAnatomy2401緒論軀干骨-1IntroductionSystematicAnatomy2501緒論軀干骨-1IntroductionSystematicAnatomy2601緒論軀干骨-12.Periosteum

(骨膜)--envelopsalltheouterpartsoftheboneexceptthecartilage.

1)fibrousmembrane(纖維層)2)vascularmembrane(血管層):osteoblast(成骨細(xì)胞)-boneformingIntroductionSystematicAnatomy2701緒論軀干骨-13.BoneMarrow

(骨髓)--

1)redbonemarrow(紅骨髓):blood-forming,

developingbloodcells(RBC,WBC)ofvariedperiods.

[aplasticanemia

再生障礙性貧血]

[bonemarrowpuncture

骨髓穿刺]2)yellowbonemarrow(黃骨髓):fattissue.

IntroductionSystematicAnatomy2801緒論軀干骨-1IntroductionC.ChemicalCompositionandPhysicalProperties

1.Organicmaterial(有機(jī)物)30-40%collagen(骨膠原),ossein(骨蛋白)resilienceandtoughness2.Inorganicmaterial(無機(jī)物)60-70%Ca3(PO4)2,CaCO3,Mg3(PO4)2hardnessandrigiditySystematicAnatomy2901緒論軀干骨-1IntroductionD.DevelopmentofBones1.Membranousossification(膜化骨)clavicle,mostcranialbones.

2.Endochondralossification(軟骨化骨)theotherbonesprimarycenter(初級骨化中心)secondarycenter(次級骨化中心)SystematicAnatomy3001緒論軀干骨-1E.FunctionsofBones(功能)1.Supporting

(支持)

frameworkofthebody.2.Levers(杠桿)

formuscles.

3.Protection(保護(hù))

ofviscera.

4.Formation(造血)

ofbloodcells.5.Storehouse(儲(chǔ)Ca,P)

ofCaandP.IntroductionSystematicAnatomy3101緒論軀干骨-1F.DivisionsoftheSkeleton

1.Axialskeleton

(中軸骨)

1)bonesofthetrunk(軀干骨).2)skull(顱骨).2.Appendicularskeleton

(附肢骨)

1)bonesoftheupperlimb(上肢骨).2)bonesofthelowerlimb(下肢骨).IntroductionSystematicAnatomy3201緒論軀干骨-1SystematicAnatomy3301緒論軀干骨-1Section2Bones

oftheTrunk1.TheVertebrae(椎骨)2.TheSacrum(骶骨)3.TheCoccyx(尾骨)4.TheSternum(胸骨)5.TheRibs(肋骨)SystematicAnatomy3401緒論軀干骨-1A.TheVertebrae(椎骨)1.

GeneralCharacteristicsofaVertebra1)body(centrum)(椎體)2)arch(椎弓)--

a.pedicles(根)

superior&inferiornotches(切跡)

b.laminae(板)3)vertebralforamen(椎孔)SystematicAnatomy3501緒論軀干骨-1A.TheVertebrae(椎骨)processes(突起)

i.Spinousprocess(棘突)ii.Transverseprocess(橫突)iii.Superiorarticularprocess(上關(guān)節(jié)突)iv.Inferiorarticularproc.(下關(guān)節(jié)突)SystematicAnatomy3601緒論軀干骨-1

2.TheMainCharacteristicsofVertebraeineachRegion.1)Atlas(寰椎)(C1)

a.anteriorarch(前弓)b.posteriorarch(后弓)c.lateralmasses(側(cè)塊).SystematicAnatomy3701緒論軀干骨-12)Axis(樞椎)(C2)

odontoidprocess(齒突)

2.TheMainCharacteristicsofVertebraeineachRegion.SystematicAnatomy3801緒論軀干骨-13.

Comparisonofthecervical,thoracicandlumbarvertebrae.

CervicalThoracicLumbar─────────────────────────────

Body

(Shape)ellipticheart-shapebeanshaped

(Size)smallmediumlarge

(Structure)

uncusprocess

costalfacets

noVertebralForamen

(Shape)triangularroundtriangular

(Size)largesmallmediumSystematicAnatomy3901緒論軀干骨-1

3.Comparisonofthecervical,thoracicandlumbarvertebrae.

CervicalThoracicLumbarSpinousProcess

(Direction)posteriorinferoposteriorposterior

(Shape)bifidslenderflattened

(Size)smalllonglargeTransverseProcess

(Direction)anterolateralposterolaterallateral

(Shape)widenedclub-shapedslender

(Structure)

transverse

costalfacet

accessoryArticularSurfaceforamen[process.

(Position)horizontalcoronarysagittalSystematicAnatomy4001緒論軀干骨-1Cervicalvertebrae(頸椎)C3C7C5C7C2C4SystematicAnatomy4101緒論軀干骨-1

ThoracicVertebrae(胸椎)T6T7T9T6T12SystematicAnatomy4201緒論軀干骨-1LumbarVertebrae(腰椎)L2L3L4L5L1SystematicAnatomy4301緒論軀干骨-1TheSacrum(骶骨)

S1-S5sacralvertebraefusedat20years.1.Base(底)--promontory(岬),ala(翼),superiorarticularprocess(上關(guān)節(jié)突).2.ApexofSacrum(骶骨尖)B.TheSacrum(骶骨)

&Coccyx(尾骨)SystematicAnatomy4401緒論軀干骨-13.Pelvic(Anterior)Surface(盆面)–

transverselines(ridges)(橫線)anteriorsacralforamen(骶前孔)B.TheSacrum(骶骨)

&Coccyx(尾骨)SystematicAnatomy4501緒論軀干骨-14.Dorsal(Posterior)Surface(背面)

--mediansacralcrest(骶正中嵴)posteriorsacralforamen(骶后孔)sacralhorn(骶角)[acupuncturetherapyateightholes八蓼穴針刺療法]B.TheSacrum(骶骨)

&Coccyx(