力學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯(mechanics)effectivecolumnlength有效柱長cord索cylinder[圓]筒thin-walledcylinder薄壁筒thick-walledcylinder厚壁筒tube管hinge鉸[鏈]plastichinge塑性鉸membraneforce膜力ring環(huán)truss桁架frame剛架又稱“框架”。shaft[轉(zhuǎn)]軸spring彈簧springconstant彈簧常量joint接頭staticallydeterminatestructure靜定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallyindeterminatestructure超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)compression壓縮axialforce軸[向]力axialforcediagram軸力圖eccentrictension偏心拉伸eccentriccompression偏心壓縮bending彎曲purebending純彎曲obliquebending斜彎曲planebending平面彎曲unsymmetricbending非對稱彎曲inelasticbending非彈性彎曲planecross-sectionassumption平截面假定deflection撓度bendingmoment彎矩bendingmomentdiagram彎矩圖shearforce剪力shearforcediagram剪力圖stresstrajactory應(yīng)力跡線flexure撓曲flexuralrigidity抗彎剛度elasticcurve彈性曲線shear剪切shearcenter剪切中心torsion扭轉(zhuǎn)torsionalmoment扭矩torquediagram扭矩圖torsionalrigidity抗扭剛度membraneanalogy薄膜比擬twist扭曲warping翹曲buckling屈曲pre-buckling前屈曲post-buckling后屈曲Eulercriticalload歐拉臨界載荷impact撞擊impactfactor撞擊因子impactstress撞擊應(yīng)力forcemethod力法displacementmethod位移法stiffnessmethod剛度法flexibilitymethod柔度法dummy-loadmethod傀載[荷]法又稱“單位載荷法”。successiveintegrationmethod逐次積分法superpositionmethod疊加法superpositionprinciple疊加原理Saint-Venantprinciple圣維南原理analyticmechanics分析力學(xué)Lagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘子Lagrangian拉格朗日[量]Lagrangebracket拉格朗日括號cycliccoordinate循環(huán)坐標(biāo)cyclicintegral循環(huán)積分Hamiltonian哈密頓[量]Hamiltonianfunction哈密頓函數(shù)canonicalequation正則方程canonicalperturbation正則攝動canonicaltransformation正則變換canonicalvariable正則變量Hamiltonprinciple哈密頓原理actionintegral作用量積分Hamilton-Jacobiequation哈密頓-雅可比方程action-anglevariables作用-角度變量Appelequation阿佩爾方程Routhequation勞斯方程Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函數(shù)Noethertheorem諾特定理Poissonbracket泊松括號boundaryintegralmethod邊界積分法dyad并矢stabilityofmotion運動穩(wěn)定性orbitalstability軌道穩(wěn)定性Lyapunovfunction李雅普諾夫函數(shù)asymptoticstability漸近穩(wěn)定性structuralstability結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性secularinstability久期不穩(wěn)定性Floquettheorem弗洛凱定理capsizingmoment傾覆力矩freevibration自由振動naturalvibration固有振動transientstate暫態(tài)曾用名“瞬態(tài)”。ambientvibration環(huán)境振動anti-resonance反共振attenuation衰減Coulombdamping庫侖阻尼in-phasecomponent同相分量out-of-phasecomponent非同相分量overshoot超調(diào)量又稱“過沖”。parametricvibration參量[激勵]振動fuzzyvibration模糊振動criticalspeedofrotation臨界轉(zhuǎn)速damper阻尼器half-peakwidth半峰寬度lumpedparametersystem集總參量系統(tǒng)phaseplanemethod相平面法phasetrajectory相軌跡isoclinemethod等傾線法jumpphenomenon跳躍現(xiàn)象negativedamping負阻尼Duffingequation達芬方程Hillequation希爾方程KBMmethod，Krylov-Bogoliubov-MitropolskiimethodKBM方法Mathieuequation馬蒂厄方程averagingmethod平均法combinationtone組合音調(diào)detuning解諧dissipativefunction耗散函數(shù)hardexcitation硬激勵hardspring，hardeningspring硬彈簧harmonicbalancemethod諧波平衡法secularterm久期項self-excitedvibration自激振動簡稱“自振”。separatrix分界線subharmonic亞諧波曾用名“次諧波”。softspring，softeningspring軟彈簧softexcitation軟激勵Dunkerleyformula鄧克利公式Rayleightheorem瑞利定理distributedparametersystem分布參量系統(tǒng)dominantfrequency優(yōu)勢頻率modalanalysis模態(tài)分析naturalmodeofvibration固有模態(tài)又稱“固有振型”。synchronization同步ultraharmonic超諧波vanderPolequation范德波爾方程frequencyspectrum頻譜fundamentalfrequency基頻WKBmethod，Wentzel-Kramers-BrillouinmethodWKB方法buffer緩沖器aeolianvibration風(fēng)激振動buzz嗡鳴cepstrum倒譜chatter顫動hunting蛇行impedencematching阻抗匹配mechanicaladmittance機械導(dǎo)納mechanicalefficiency機械效率mechanicalimpedance機械阻抗stochasticvibration，randomvibration隨機振動vibrationisolation隔振vibrationreduction減振stressovershoot應(yīng)力過沖surge喘振shimmy擺振phugoidmotion起伏運動phugoidoscillation起伏振蕩galloping馳振gyrodynamics陀螺動力學(xué)gyropendulum陀螺擺gyroplatform陀螺平臺gyroscopictorque陀螺力矩gyrostabilizer陀螺穩(wěn)定器gyrostat陀螺體inertialguidance慣性導(dǎo)航attitudeangle姿態(tài)角azimythalangle方位角Schulerperiod舒勒周期robotdynamics機器人動力學(xué)multibodysystem多體系統(tǒng)multi-rigid-bodysystem多剛體系統(tǒng)maneuverability機動性Kanemethod凱恩方法rotordynamics轉(zhuǎn)子[系統(tǒng)]動力學(xué)rotor-support-foundationsystem轉(zhuǎn)子[-支承-基礎(chǔ)]系統(tǒng)staticbalancing靜平衡dynamicbalancing動平衡staticunbalance靜不平衡dynamicunbalance動不平衡fieldbalancing現(xiàn)場平衡unbalance不平衡unbalance不平衡量crossforce互耦力轉(zhuǎn)子徑向運動導(dǎo)致的力。flexiblerotor撓性轉(zhuǎn)子fractionalfrequencyprecession分頻進動halffrequencyprecession半頻進動oilwhip油膜振蕩rotorcriticalspeed轉(zhuǎn)子臨界轉(zhuǎn)速self-alignment自動定心轉(zhuǎn)子超臨界轉(zhuǎn)動時重心趨近軸心的現(xiàn)象。subcriticalspeed亞臨界轉(zhuǎn)速whirl渦動轉(zhuǎn)子繞進動柔軸的轉(zhuǎn)動。theoryofelasticity彈性理論homogeneousstateofstress均勻應(yīng)力狀態(tài)stressinvariant應(yīng)力不變量straininvariant應(yīng)變不變量strainellipsoid應(yīng)變橢球homogeneousstateofstrain均勻應(yīng)變狀態(tài)equationofstraincompatibility應(yīng)變協(xié)調(diào)方程Laméconstants拉梅常量isotropicelasticity各向同性彈性rotatingcirculardisk旋轉(zhuǎn)圓盤wedge楔Kelvinproblem開爾文問題Boussinesqproblem布西內(nèi)斯克問題Airystressfunction艾里應(yīng)力函數(shù)Kolosoff-Muskhelishvilimethod克羅索夫-穆斯海里什維里法Kirchhoffhypothesis基爾霍夫假設(shè)plate板rectangularplate矩形板circularplate圓板annularplate環(huán)板corrugatedplate波紋板stiffenedplate，reinforcedplate加勁板plateofmoderatethickness中厚板stressfunctionofbending彎[曲]應(yīng)力函數(shù)shell殼shallowshell扁殼revolutionaryshell旋轉(zhuǎn)殼sphericalshell球殼cylindricalshell[圓]柱殼conicalshell錐殼toroidalshell環(huán)殼closedshell封閉殼corrugatedshell波紋殼stressfunctionoftorsion扭[轉(zhuǎn)]應(yīng)力函數(shù)warpingfunction翹曲函數(shù)semi-inversemethod半逆解法Rayleigh-Ritzmethod瑞利-里茨法relaxationmethod松弛法Levymethod萊維法relaxation松弛dimensionalanalysis量綱分析self-similarity自相似[性]influencesurface影響面contactstress接觸應(yīng)力Hertztheory赫茲理論conformingcontact協(xié)調(diào)接觸slidingcontact滑動接觸rollingcontact滾動接觸indentation壓入anisotropicelasticity各向異性彈性granularmaterial顆粒材料mechanicsofgranularmedia散體力學(xué)thermoelasticity熱彈性hyperelasticity超彈性viscoelasticity粘彈性correspondenceprinciple對應(yīng)原理wrinkle褶皺totaltheoryofplasticity塑性全量理論又稱“塑性形變理論（deformationtheoryofplastsliding滑動microslip微滑roughness粗糙度nonlinearelasticity非線性彈性largedeflection大撓度snap-through突彈跳變簡稱“突跳”。finitedeformation有限變形Greenstrain格林應(yīng)變Almansisstrain阿爾曼西應(yīng)變dynamicelasticity彈性動力學(xué)equationofmotion運動方程quasi-static準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)的aeroelasticity氣動彈性hydroelasticity水彈性flutter顫振elasticwave彈性波simplewave簡單波cylindricalwave柱面波horizontalshearwave水平剪切波verticalshearwave豎直剪切波bodywave體波irrotationalwave無旋波distortionwave畸變波dilatationwave膨脹波Rayleighwave瑞利波equavoluminalwave等容波Lovewave勒夫波interfacialwave界面波edgeeffect邊緣效應(yīng)plasticity塑性力學(xué)formability可成形性metalforming金屬成形crashworthiness耐撞性structuralcrashworthiness結(jié)構(gòu)抗撞毀性drawing拉拔collap