免疫英語試題及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotatypeofwhitebloodcell?

A.Lymphocytes

B.Neutrophils

C.Monocytes

D.Redbloodcells

2.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthespleenintheimmunesystem?

A.Toproduceredbloodcells

B.Tofilterbloodandremoveoldredbloodcells

C.Toproduceantibodies

D.Tostorebile

3.Whatisthetermforthebody'sdefenseagainstpathogens?

A.Infection

B.Inflammation

C.Immunity

D.Allergy

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotacomponentoftheinnateimmunesystem?

A.Skin

B.Complementproteins

C.Macrophages

D.Antibodies

5.Whatistheroleofinterferonsintheimmuneresponse?

A.Tostimulatetheproductionofantibodies

B.Toinhibitviralreplication

C.Todestroycancercells

D.Topromoteinflammation

6.Whichofthefollowingisatypeofadaptiveimmuneresponse?

A.Phagocytosis

B.Inflammatoryresponse

C.Humoralimmunity

D.Cell-mediatedimmunity

7.Whatisthenamegiventotheprocesswheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody'sowncells?

A.Autoimmunity

B.Allergy

C.Infection

D.Inflammation

8.Whichofthefollowingisavaccine-preventabledisease?

A.Influenza

B.Malaria

C.COVID-19

D.Alloftheabove

9.Whatisthetermfortheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemrecognizesanddestroyscancercells?

A.Apoptosis

B.Immunosurveillance

C.Inflammation

D.Phagocytosis

10.Whichofthefollowingisnotafunctionofthethymus?

A.ProductionofT-cells

B.MaturationofT-cells

C.ProductionofB-cells

D.RegulationofT-cellactivity

二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）

1.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsoftheadaptiveimmunesystem?

A.T-cells

B.B-cells

C.Macrophages

D.Antibodies

2.Whataresomefunctionsofantibodies?

A.Neutralizetoxins

B.Enhancephagocytosis

C.Activatethecomplementsystem

D.Destroypathogensdirectly

3.WhichofthefollowingaretypesofT-cells?

A.HelperT-cells

B.CytotoxicT-cells

C.RegulatoryT-cells

D.B-cells

4.Whataresomewaystheimmunesystemcanbeactivated?

A.Byexposuretoapathogen

B.Byvaccination

C.Bystress

D.Byexercise

5.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredantigens?

A.Bacteria

B.Viruses

C.Foreignproteins

D.Self-proteins

6.Whataresomeoutcomesofanimmuneresponse?

A.Inflammation

B.Phagocytosis

C.Productionofantibodies

D.Celldeath

7.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofimmunecellsinvolvedincell-mediatedimmunity?

A.Macrophages

B.CytotoxicT-cells

C.HelperT-cells

D.B-cells

8.Whataresomefactorsthatcanaffecttheimmunesystem?

A.Nutrition

B.Sleep

C.Stress

D.Age

9.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredimmunesystemdisorders?

A.Autoimmunediseases

B.Allergies

C.Immunodeficiencies

D.Cancer

10.Whichofthefollowingaremethodstoboosttheimmunesystem?

A.Eatingabalanceddiet

B.Regularexercise

C.Gettingenoughsleep

D.Smoking

三、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）

1.Theimmunesystemisonlyresponsibleforfightinginfections.(False)

2.Vaccinescanprovidelifelongimmunityagainstcertaindiseases.(False)

3.Theskinisthebody'sfirstlineofdefenseagainstpathogens.(True)

4.Allergiesarearesultoftheimmunesystemoverreactingtoharmlesssubstances.(True)

5.ThethymusisinvolvedinthematurationofT-cells.(True)

6.AntibodiesareproducedbyB-cellsandcanrecognizespecificantigens.(True)

7.Thespleenisnotinvolvedintheimmuneresponse.(False)

8.Interferonsareproteinsthathaveantiviralproperties.(True)

9.Autoimmunityiswhentheimmunesystemattacksforeignsubstances.(False)

10.Immunosurveillanceistheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemidentifiesanddestroyscancercells.(True)

四、簡答題（每題5分，共20分）

1.Whatisthedifferencebetweeninnateandadaptiveimmunity?

-Innateimmunityisthebody'sfirstlineofdefenseagainstpathogensandisnon-specific,involvingphysicalbarrierslikeskinandmucousmembranes,aswellascellslikemacrophagesandnaturalkillercells.AdaptiveimmunityisamorespecificandtargetedresponsethatinvolvestheproductionofantibodiesbyB-cellsandtheactivationofT-cells.Italsohastheabilityto"remember"pathogensforafasterresponseuponsubsequentexposures.

2.Explaintheroleofcytokinesintheimmuneresponse.

-Cytokinesaresmallproteinsthatarecrucialincellsignalingandplayakeyroleintheimmuneresponse.Theyaresecretedbyvariouscells,includingimmunecells,andcanregulateinflammation,coordinatetheactionsofimmunecells,andstimulatetheproductionofantibodies.Examplesofcytokinesincludeinterleukins,interferons,andtumornecrosisfactors.

3.Whataresomecommonvaccine-preventablediseases?

-Somecommonvaccine-preventablediseasesincludemeasles,mumps,rubella,polio,diphtheria,tetanus,pertussis(whoopingcough),hepatitisB,andHaemophilusinfluenzaetypeb(Hib).

4.Describetheprocessofapoptosisinthecontextoftheimmunesystem.

-Apoptosis,alsoknownasprogrammedcelldeath,isaprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemeliminatesdamaged,infected,orunnecessarycellswithoutcausinginflammationordamagetosurroundingtissue.Itisacontrolledandorderlyprocessthathelpsmaintainhomeostasisandpreventthespreadofinfection.Intheimmunesystem,apoptosiscanbetriggeredbyvarioussignals,includingthepresenceofcertainantigensortheactivationofspecificcellsurfacereceptors.

五、討論題（每題5分，共20分）

1.Discusstheimportanceofabalanceddietinmaintainingahealthyimmunesystem.

-Abalanceddietiscrucialformaintainingahealthyimmunesystemasitprovidesthenecessarynutrients,vitamins,andmineralsthatsupportimmunefunction.NutrientslikevitaminsCandD,zinc,andomega-3fattyacidsareparticularlyimportantforimmunehealth.Adietrichinfruits,vegetables,leanproteins,andwholegrainscanhelpboosttheimmunesystemandreducetheriskofinfections.

2.Howdoesstressaffecttheimmunesystem,andwhatstrategiescanbeusedtomanagestress?

-Stresscannegativelyimpacttheimmunesystembyincreasingtheproductionofstresshormoneslikecortisol,whichcansuppressimmunefunction.Chronicstresscanleadtoaweakenedimmuneresponse,makingindividualsmoresusceptibletoinfectionsanddiseases.Strategiestomanagestressincluderegularexercise,mindfulnesspracticeslikemeditation,adequatesleep,andseekingsocialsupport.

3.Whatarethepotentialconsequencesofanoveractiveimmunesystem?

-Anoveractiveimmunesystemcanleadtoautoimmunediseases,wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody'sowncells.Thiscanresultinchronicinflammationandtissuedamage,causingarangeofsymptomsandhealthissuesd