PAGE1-課時(shí)提能練(十五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·新疆適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Super-stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesthreeyearsago.Thewind-drivenwatercausedalotofflooding，especiallyintheregion'ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone，Super-stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood-watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通風(fēng)柵)．Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood，engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(膠合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures，whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney，too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent，lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt-in，adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning，onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown，thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So，itwouldbesimple，theysay，toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper-prooffeatures，whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon'tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey，itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講解并描述三年前超級(jí)風(fēng)暴Sandy猛烈攻擊美國(guó)東部，造成了洪水災(zāi)難，當(dāng)?shù)氐牡罔F被洪水沉沒(méi)。為防止地鐵再次被洪水沉沒(méi)，兩位少年獨(dú)創(chuàng)了一種裝置。1．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D[段落大意題。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知，據(jù)估計(jì)超級(jí)風(fēng)暴Sandy僅在紐約市就造成了價(jià)值190億美元的損失。文章接下來(lái)分析了超級(jí)風(fēng)暴造成的洪水沉沒(méi)地鐵的緣由：目前的地鐵系統(tǒng)存在很大的弊端。故本題選D。]2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens'newinvention?A．Costly. B．Time-saving.C．Practical. D．Conventional.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一、其次句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So，itwouldbesimple，theysay，toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.”他們運(yùn)用的柵欄和現(xiàn)在運(yùn)用的柵欄大小一樣，所以很簡(jiǎn)單就可以把舊的柵欄取出來(lái)，放入一個(gè)替換柵欄；再結(jié)合最終一段最終兩句可知，新的裝置操作起來(lái)也很便利。故選C。]3．What'sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper-prooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第三、第四句可知，設(shè)計(jì)干預(yù)防護(hù)的特點(diǎn)可以阻擋操作失誤，有了干預(yù)防護(hù)，他們確保人們不會(huì)有意地在正常狀況下關(guān)掉空氣流通的功能，故本題選C。]4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了兩位少年獨(dú)創(chuàng)了一種成本較低、好用的地鐵防洪裝置以及該裝置的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)文章，故選A。]B(2024·新疆適應(yīng)性檢測(cè))EmmaWatsonenteredourlivesastheperfectHermioneGrangerin2001，and16yearslater，we'rejustasmuchinlovewiththischarming，intelligentBritishgirl，asever.YoumayormaynotbeaPotterhead，butalotofpeoplearecharmedbyEmmaWatson'sperfection.Despitebeingastarperformerattheyoungageof11，she'snevergonetheHollywood-spoiled-childroute.Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible.Shesaid，“Ignoringfamewasmyrebellion，inafunnyway.Iwasinsistentonbeingnormalanddoingnormalthings.Itprobablywasn'tadvisabletogotocollegeinAmericaandroomwithacompletestranger.Anditprobablywasn'twisetoshareabathroomwitheightotherpeopleinadormitory.Lookingback，Ithinkthatwascrazy.”Sheadded，“Iwasverywell-educated.Mydadpaidformetogotoaverygoodschool，soIworkedhardeverysingledayatthatschooltomakehimproudofme.AndIdid，andIstilldo.”IfwehadtoimaginewhatHermioneGrangerwouldhavegrownuptobelike，wewouldsayshe'dbetheEmmaWatsonofthePotteruniversebecausetherereallyisnowaytoseparatethetwo.Inthelastfewyears，Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercapthanweimaginedbeinghumanlypossible，whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador.InherroleasaUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador，she'dsupportedpowerfulcausestothebestofherabilityandbroughtthemalltheattentiontheydeserve.EmmaWatsongaveusthemostaccuratedescriptionofourfavoritegirlfromthePotteruniverse.“Younggirlsaretoldyouhavetobeadelicateprincess.Hermionetaughtthemthatyoucanbeawarrior.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了《哈利·波特》系列電影中女主角赫敏·格蘭杰的扮演者EmmaWatson在11歲成名之后，仍舊過(guò)著一般的生活。5．AfterEmmaWatsonbecameanactress，she.A．followedtheHollywoodchildrouteB．hadapreferenceforanormallifeC．becamerebellionsinafunnywayD．wenttoagoodcollegeinsteadB[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的其次句“Infact，shemadeallattemptstostayasnormalaspossible”可知，在EmmaWatson成名之后，事實(shí)上，她在努力保持正常，故本題選B。]6．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Emmahasaddedmorefeatherstohercap”inPara.4?A．Emmahasearnedmoretitles.B．Emmawearsacapwithfeathers.C．Emmaisexpertdesigningcaps.D．Emmahasbeenmoreabsorbedinherjob.A[句意理解題。依據(jù)第四段其次句中的“whichincludeactor，scholar，modelandUNWomenGoodwillAmbassador”可知，她獲得了許多頭銜，故選A。]7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．EmmaWatson：YouCanBetheBestActressB．EmmaWatson：YouCanBeaWarriorC．TheWaytoBeaDelicatePrincessD．TheWaytoBeaGoodPerformerB[標(biāo)題推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了EmmaWatson雖然已經(jīng)功成名就，但仍舊堅(jiān)持過(guò)一般的生活。再結(jié)合最終一段中的“Hermionetaughtthemthatyoucanbeawarrior”可知，本題選B。]8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetoEmmaWatson?A．Critical. B．Objective.C．Cautious. D．Appreciative.D[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，作者在文中多處表達(dá)了對(duì)EmmaWatson的觀賞，故選D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·日照檢測(cè))OnesmallmistakechangedSonia'slife.Nowsheis1andtriesnottomissanyopportunitiesthatcometoherway.Oneday，Soniawalked2alittleboy，whowantedtobuycrayons(彩色蠟筆)，buthecouldn't3them.HelookedsadwhenhesawthemoneyinSonia'shand.4shedidn'trealizehewasin5ofhelpatall.Soniaignoredhimand6onherwayhome.Afterreachinghome，shetoldeverythingtoherbrotherGur.GurtoldSonia，“Godhadgivenyoua(n)7tohelpaboy，butyou8it.There'sapossibilitythatGodwas9you；maybetodaywouldhavebecomeyourbigdayofyourlife.”HearingGur'swords，Sonia10backtotheshoptofindtheboybuttimenever11foranyone.Soniagotdisappointedandreturnedhome，continuously12atherself.Whydidn'titcomeintohermindwhatGurhad13？“Chancesareeverywhere，andallyouneedtodois14thembecausetheydon'talwaysshowup，”saidGur.NowwhatSoniahasmissedisachancethatshecanonly15.OnthatdaySonialearntthebiggest16inherlife.ActuallynotonlySonia，butmanyofusignorethechanceofhelpingin17waysbecausewealwaysrunafterbiggerones.However，bigopportunitiesdocomebutnoteveryday.Therefore，18smallonessothatyoucan'tmissbigones.Soniaalso19towaitforbigopportunities，butnowsheknowsthatwithsmallopportunitiesshecanmakebig20inherlife.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了主子公Sonia在錯(cuò)失一次幫助他人的機(jī)會(huì)后，受到哥哥啟發(fā)，從而意識(shí)到要不斷練習(xí)抓住小的機(jī)會(huì)幫助別人來(lái)變更自己的生活的故事。這也告知我們，行善無(wú)論大小，有機(jī)會(huì)就要?jiǎng)偤米プ　?．A.attentive B．optimisticC．enthusiastic D．fortunateA[依據(jù)空后的“andtriesnottomissanyopportunitiesthatcometoherway”可知，Sonia現(xiàn)在很專(zhuān)注，盡力不去錯(cuò)過(guò)任何她遇到的機(jī)會(huì)。attentive“用心的”；optimistic“樂(lè)觀的”；enthusiastic“熱忱的”；fortunate“幸運(yùn)的”。]2．A.through B．byC．over D．upB[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示Sonia從一位小男孩身旁走過(guò)。by“經(jīng)過(guò)”。]3．A.arrange B．a(chǎn)ffordC．offer D．gainB[依據(jù)“whowantedtobuycrayons(彩色蠟筆)”及下文可知，小男孩想買(mǎi)彩色蠟筆，但是買(mǎi)不起。arrange“支配”；afford“買(mǎi)得起”；offer“主動(dòng)供應(yīng)”；gain“獲得，得到”。]4．A.Thus B．BesidesC．But D．AndC[依據(jù)上下文可知，空處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。此處表示小男孩須要幫助，但是Sonia并未意識(shí)到，故But符合語(yǔ)境。]5．A.favor B．honorC．need D．searchC[參見(jiàn)上題解析。infavorof“支持”；inhonorof“為了紀(jì)念”；inneedof“須要”；insearchof“找尋”。]6．A.remained B．hurriedC．hesitated D．continuedD[Sonia沒(méi)有理睬小男孩，接著走自己的路。continue“接著”符合語(yǔ)境。remain“仍舊是”；hurry“趕快”；hesitate“遲疑”。]7．A.direction B．dutyC．urge D．opportunityD[依據(jù)文意可知，此處指上帝給了你一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去幫助小男孩，但是你卻錯(cuò)過(guò)了。direction“方向”；duty“責(zé)任”；urge“劇烈的欲望”；opportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”。]8．A.doubted B．missedC．passed D．mistookB[參見(jiàn)上題解析。]9．A.punishing B．savingC．testing D．refusingC[上帝可能在(通過(guò)這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì))測(cè)試你。test“測(cè)驗(yàn)，考查”符合語(yǔ)境。]10．A.stepped B．movedC．jumped D．rushedD[Sonia聽(tīng)到哥哥的話后有所感悟，故應(yīng)用“跑回去”來(lái)突出她此時(shí)急于彌補(bǔ)錯(cuò)過(guò)的機(jī)會(huì)的心情。step“踩，邁步”；move“移動(dòng)”；jump“跳動(dòng)”；rush“急速移動(dòng)”。]11．A.longs B．a(chǎn)nswersC．a(chǎn)llows D．waitsD[依據(jù)“tofindtheboy”及“Soniagotdisappointed”可知，Sonia沒(méi)有找到小男孩，因此此處表示時(shí)間不等(waits)人。下文中的“waitforbig