ParｔOne（90minuｔeｓ)Ｐaｒt１Dialoguecommunicatｉｏn(１0minｕtｅs,1０poiｎts,1foｒｅach）SecｔionADｉaloｇｕecomplｅtiｏnDirections：Inthiｓsectioｎ，ｙouwiｌｌread５ｓhortｉnｃoｍpletｅdiａlｏguesbetweｅnｔｗｏspeａkｅrｓ,eachfｏllowｅdbｙ4cｈｏiceｓmaｒkeｄA,B,Ｃ,andD.Ｃhｏoｓｅtheanｓwerthatｂestsuitｓｔhesitｕationtocompｌeｔethedialogue.Thenmaｒkthｅｃorｒespｏndinｇlettｅrwithａsingｌｅbａｒａcrosstheｓｑuarebrａcketｓonyourmacｈine-scｏｒｉnｇANSWERSHEＥＴ．１.Ａ:DavidsａidhｅｂougｈtaｎewBMWｆor$５,000!B:__＿__.Soundｓpｒｅtｔycｈeａpｔomｅ!A:Weｌｌ,ｔhat’swhatheｓaid.AAreyousure？BCometｏthｉnｋｏfiｔ.CDｏyouthinkｓo?DIsｈｅcrazｙ?2．A：WejustcamebaｃkfromＰhoeniｘ.Andwehadthebestvａcationinyeａrs.B：__＿_．I’mgｌadtoheaｒiｔ.AＯh,mygoｏdｎeｓs!ＢHｏｗwａsｉｔ?COｈ,thｅreyｏuｇoagａｉn.DＧoodforyou．3．Ａ:Ijuｓｔcan’ｔsｔaｎdthisｃlassanymore?B:＿_＿_．Ｉt’srｅｑuired，andyoｕhaｖｅtｏsｉtinitｉnordeｒtogrａduate.ＡWelｌ,whynotｊuｓtｄrｏpｏｕtｏfit?BWｈy,yｏucaｎsaythａt(yī)again!CWell,ｙoumighｔaｓｗellgetｕsｅdtｏit.DWｈy，Ｉcouｌdｎ’tａｇreeｍｏre!4.A:Idoｎ’tkｎoｗabouｔyou,ｂutIthｏughtthatfilmwａsｔerｒific.B:__＿＿.Theactｉonwａｓgｒeat，andsoｗａstｈemusiｃ.AJustthｅｓaｍe.BI’ｍwｉthyoutheｒe．CＭorｅｏrless.ＤＩｓurｅｄo.5.A：Dangaｖｅmｅａfreerｉｄehome,butＩpａidforthegaｓ.Ｂ:Youknowｗｈatｔheｙsａｙ,____.Atｈere’snofreelunｃhBdon’tbitｅoｆfmorethａnyoucaｎchewCoｎegoodturndeseｒvesanｏtherDｉt’ｓwｈｏyouknoｗｔhaｔcountsSｅｃtionＢDialoｇuｅＣomｐreｈensionＤireｃtions:Inthissｅction,youwillｒｅaｄ5shorｔcoｎｖersationsbetweenａｍanaｎdaｗｏman．Atｔheeｎｄoｆeａchconveｒsａt(yī)ionthereｉｓaquestionfolｌowedby4choicesmarkedＡ,B,C，ａndD．Chｏosetｈｅbeｓtａｎswerｔothｅquestｉonfrｏmtｈe4choiｃｅsbymarkinｇtheｃorresｐondｉｎgleｔteｒwithsｉｎglｅbarａcrｏssｔhｅsquarebrａckeｔsｏnｙouｒmａchinｅ-scoringＡNSWERSＨEEＴ．6.Womａn:Ｉ’dｒaｔhｅrnottalkaboｕtit.Ｊｕstdoｎ’task.Maｎ：Coｍeon.Ithｉnkyｏｕnｅｅdtoｌeｔoｆfsomeｓteaｍ.Quｅｓtion:Whatdoｅsthemanadvｉsｅtｈewomantodo？ＡＴｏtａlｋtohiｍabｏuｔthｅproｂlｅm.ＢTｏkeepｔhesecrｅt.CＴoreducｅtｈｅworkload.DTohavｅａgoodrest.7.Wｏｍan:Ｊulie’sdrｅsslooksfuｎnｙ.Thａｔｓtｙlewentoutｌastｙear．Man:Oh,comeon,ａslonｇａsｉｔloｏkｓgoodonhｅr．Qｕｅｓｔioｎ:Wｈatdoestheｍantrｙｔoeｍphａsiｚe？AJulie’sｄｒeｓsisnｏtoｕtdａt(yī)eｄ.BJuｌｉe’sdreｓsdoeｓnotｓｕitheｒ．ＣJulｉｅshouldfolｌｏwthefashion．DＪｕliｅlookｓfiｎｅｉnthatdreｓｓ.８.Man:Ｗhａt(yī)ｋindｏｆsnackｓdoyouprefer?Wｏｍan:Oｈ,I’vｅgｏtaｓｗeeｔｔootｈ,youｋnｏw.Ｑuestioｎ：Ｗhatdoesｔhewomanｐｒobablyｌikｅ?ASａｎdｗicｈ.ＢＨoｔdoｇs.CIcｅcream.DPoｔatochipｓ．9.Womaｎ:I’mtiredｏfｄrｉvingaｌltｈewaytoｗorkandbaｃkeveryday.Ifoｎｌycarscoｕlddrivｅthemselves!Man：Welｌ,soｍecarmａｎufacturesａｒeworkinｇoｎtｈeｍ.Iguｅssｙoｕ’ｌlsｏｏnbuyoneifyouｃanaffoｒｄit.Quｅstion:Whａt(yī)doestｈemａnｉmpｌy?AThｅｗomanwillｂeaｂlｅtｏbｕyaninteｌlｉｇeｎtcar．ＢCarｓｔhatdrivethemselvesmａybeｖeｒyexpensivｅ.CHeiswoｒｋｉngｗithａcaｒｐroduceroninteｌligentcarｓ.DDrivingtoworkisrealｌｙaheadache．1０.Mａn:Ａnniｅ,howdoesitｎotevencｒossｙｏurｍindtｈatyｏuｍightｗａntａfutureｗiｔhｓoｍeone?Woman：Ｉｔ’ｓsimple．Ｉdon’ｔｍｉｎｄbeingmaｒriｅｄtomaycareeｒ.Question:Whaｔ’sAnnie’ｓatｔｉtudetoｗａrdsherｆuｔｕｒe？AShewｉｌｌstaywitｈsｏmｅonｅuｎmarrｉed.BSｈeｗｉｌlｌiｖeａsimｐleｌｉｆe.CShewillｑｕiｔherjobtogetｍａrried.ＤSｈｅwilｌfullyｆｏｃｕsonheｒjob．PartIＩVｏcａbuｌary(２0mｉnutes,10pointｓ,０.5foｒeaｃh)SectioｎADiｒectionｓ:Inｔhissｅctiｏn，theｒeａｒe10ｓenｔences,ｅacｈwiｔhoneｗordｏrphrａsｅuｎderlined．Choｏseｔheonefrｏmthe4ｃhoicesmarkedA，B,C,anｄDtｈａｔbｅｓtｋeepsｔhemｅaniｎｇｏfthｅｓentence.Ｔheｎmarｋｔｈecｏrｒespondｉnglｅtterｗｉｔｈaｓinglｅｂaｒａｃｒossｔhesqｕarebracｋetsｏnyourｍａchｉne－scorinｇＡＮSWEＲSHEＥT.１1.Thenｅwsreｐortsｃomｐletelyｏverlｏokedthｅmorepｒofoundpolitiｃalimplｉcationｓｏftheevents.AnegｌecｔedBfoｒesawＣｅxplｏｒedDaｓsesｓｅｄ12.Teacｈｅrsａndnurseｓwhodｅalwｉthｃhildrenaｒｅoｂｌigedtorｅportcasesofsｕspectｅdchｉldａｂusetoaｕthｏｒities．AreｍinｄedBｅxpeｃtedCｃompelledDrｅquｅstｅd1３．Yoｕｒgradeｗillbebaseｄinlaｒｇeｐartｏｎtｈeoriginaliｔyofyouｒiｄeas.AcｒｅativｉtyBpopularitｙCfeasibilityＤflexｉbｉliｔy14．Ｗeｓuspecttherｅisaqｕiredeliberaｔeattｅｍptｔｏｓaｂotagetｈeeｌeｃtiｏnｓandｕｎdermｉnｅtheeｌｅcｔoralｃoｍｍission.AcｏｎsciousBdｅsｐｅratｅCcｌumsyDintentioｎal15.ＳoｓtranｇｅｗerｅthecirｃuｍstaｎceｓｏfmｙｓtorytｈaｔＩｃａnscarcelybｅｌiｅvemｙselfｔohａveｂeenapａｒtｙtotｈｅm．ＡjustBhardlyＣalmｏstDdefiniteｌｙ16.Ｓmokeｐarｔｉclesanｄotherａirpolluｔａntsarｅofｔｅnｔrapｐedｉnthｅaｔmｏsｐｈere,ｔhusｆormingdiｒｔyfog.ＡcｏnｓtrａinedBｃａuｇhtCcｏnｃeａleｄDcｏnceｎtｒaｔｅｄ１７Ｅmpｌoyeｅｓinｃｈeｍiｃalfaｃtｏｒiｅsareeｎtitledｔｏrｅcｅiveextrapａyfoｒｄｏinghａzaｒdoｕｓwｏrk,ApoisonｏｕsBdiffiｃultCdａngerousDharｍｆul18.CurｔCarlson,ｔｈｅｗeaｌtｈiｅstｍanｉnＭｉｎnesotａ,ownedahotelaｎdtrａveｌｃompaｎywiｔhsalesrｅachinｇｉnｔheneｉghｂoｒｈoodof＄9biｌｌion.ＡpreciｓelyBmerｅｌｙCsｕbstanｔiａllyDapproximaｔely１9．Tｈｅｔeｎｄencyoｆthehｕmanbodytorejectforｅignmaｔteｒiｓｔhｅmainobstacleｔosｕcceｓsｆuｌorｇantranｓplaｎtatｉoｎ.AｆａcｔoｒＢｃonstituentCbarrierDｂreａk20.WｈｅnevｅryouｎeｅdTom,heisaｌｗａｙsｔｈerewhethｅｒitbｅaneaｒorahelpinghanｄ，sｏyoｕcaｎalｗaysleａnoｎhｉm.AcounｔoｎBbenｅfｉｔｆromＣｓtａnｄfｏｒDsｔｉckｔoSectionＢDirｅctioｎｓ:Ｉｎthissecｔｉon,ｔherｅａre10incｏmpｌetesenteｎｃes.Forｅachseｎteｎcｅｔhereaｒe4ｃhoicｅｓmarkeｄＡ，B，C,aｎｄD.Ｃｈoosｅthｅoｎethaｔbestcｏmplｅteｓtｈesentence．Tｈｅnｍarkｔhecorrespｏndinglettｅrwithａsinglebaｒacrｏssthesquarebｒacketsonyourmａchｉｎe-scｏringANSWＥＲSＨEＥT.2１.It__＿_ｗiｔhoｕｔsayinｇtｈatcoｎsumｅrswｏuldｂehappieｒiｆpriceswereloweｒ．AtakesBappeaｒsCｍakesDgoes２2.Theｗoｒlｄeｃｏnｏmiｃreceｓｓｉｏｎputan_＿＿_endｔotheｓteelmａrketｕptｕrnthatbeganin2023．ＡirregｕlarBｉlｌegaｌCabruptDabsｕrd２3.Ｉ’m____ａｂouｔｈowyoｕｄiscoveredｍyｗebsｉｔe,aｎｄａｍvｅryｇladiｆyoｕenｊｏyiｔ.AｍystｅriousBfuriｏusCｓｅｒiousDcurious24.ＴheLaｂｏrPａrｔy’selectoｒａlｓtｒaｔegy,bas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peartｏbeａｓheａｌthｙasmｅn.Ｔhatiｓ，ｔheｙrepoｒtfａｒｍoreilｌneｓses.Butwｈｅnａmanreportｓanillnesｓ,itiｓmｏrelikｅlytobesｅrioｕs.Somereseａｒchersｈavｅsuｇgｅｓｔedｔhatmenｍａｙdieeａrｌybｅcaｕsetheｉｒheaｌthｉｓmoｒestronglｙrｅlａt(yī)eｄtotheiremｏtｉons．Foｒｅxａmple,mentendtodｉesoｏｎeraｆterlosingaspouseｔhanwomｅｎdo.Mｅneｖensｅemtobemorｅwｅakeｎeｄbyｌosｓoｆajob.（Bｏtｈofthｅseaｒｅｌinkedwithamarkeddecreａseintheeffectｉvｅnｅssoftheimmuneｓysteｍ.）Amoｎｇｍen,ｄeａt(yī)ｈｆｏｌlowsrｅtirｅmentｗithanaｌaｒmiｎｇpromｐｔnｅss．Ｐeｒhapsｗearｅsearchingfｏrtheａnswerstoｏｃlosetothesuｒfaceｏftｈeproblem.Ｐerｈapstheanswｅｒｓliedeeｐerinｏurbioｌogiｃalｈerｉtage.Ａftｅralｌ，thepｈenｏmenoｎｉsnotｉｓolateｄtohｕmans.Femaleｓhａveｔheedgｅamongvｉrtｕaｌlyallmammａｌiaｎ(哺乳動物旳)speciｅs,ｉnthattheｙgｅneraｌlｙｌiｖelonｇｅr.Ｆuｒtｈerｍore,inmａnyofｔhesespeciesｔｈediffｅrencesbeginatthemomｅntｏｆcｏnｃepｔion;thereareｍoremａｌemiscａｒriages（流產(chǎn)）.Inhumａｎ,afｔerbirtｈ,morｅbabｙboystｈaｎbabｙｇｉrlsdie.３7.Whatcaｎwelearｎfroｍthefiｒstｔｗopａragraphs?AMen’sｌｉfｅsｐanｒｅmaiｎsalmostunｃhaｎgｅd.BReｓeａｒcheｒshaｖeｆoundｔhecauseoftheagegap/ＣTｈemｏｒeadvaｎcｅdaｓｏcｉety,thegreatertheagegap．DTheageｇaｐwａsnotiｃedonlｙｒecently.38．AsisｓｕggestedinParaｇraph2，thetwofactｏrsｒeleｖaｎttｏwomen’slongerlifｅspanａre____.ＡdiseａｓesａndroａdaｃcｉdeｎtsBindｕstrializationaｎdｗorkstｒaiｎsＣthｅiｒimｍuniｔｙtｏｈｅａrtｄiseaseaｎdｒｅfｕsａｌofaｌcｏholDtheiｒendurancｅｏfwｏrｋsｔraｉｎsaｎｄreluctａnceｆoｒａdventｕｒe39．AcｃordiｎgtoParaｇrａpｈ3,wｈicｈoftｈｅfｏlｌoｗinｇstaｔemenｔsｉstruｅ?ＡThegrｅａt(yī)numｂerofｍalｅsｍｏkｅｒscontriｂutestｏtheａgｅgaｐ.BThｅgrｏwingnｕmｂｅｒofsmｏkingwｏｍenwillnaｒrowtheagｅｇａｐ.CFeｍaleworｋersａremoreｌikｅｌytosmoketｈanmakeｗorkers.DSmｏkingdoesnotseemtoaffectｗomen’sloｎｇｅvｉtｙ．40.Ｗhicｈoｆthefolｌowｉngphenomｅnamakesrｅsearcｈｅrｓpｕzzled？AMen’sheａｌtｈｉsmoreclｏselyｒeｌatｅdtｏthｅｉremoｔions．BTｈroughｍｏrelｉabletoｉlｌnessｅｓ,womenｓtilｌliｖelｏnｇeｒ.CMensｈowworｓesymptomsthaｎｗｏmeｎwhentheyｆallill.DQuiｔeanumbｅrofmendiesoonaftｅrｔheirｒｅtiｒｅｍent.4１.Tｈeword”edge”ｉnParaｇｒaph６meａns“_＿_＿＿”.ＡmarginBsideＣadｖaｎtageDｑuａｌｉty４２.Ｗhaｔisｔhｅmａinideaｏfｔhepaｓsage?AThegｒeaterlonｇevｉtyofwomenｒeｍaiｎsamystery.BＴhatwomenareｈealthierthａｎmeｎｗellexplａinstheirlongｅvｉty.ＣＰeoplｅarelivinglｏngｅrasaresｕｌtｏfｉndusｔrializatiｏn.ＤWomｅnarｅleｓsｅmotionａｌlyaｆｆeｃteｄｂydｉfｆicultiesinlife.PassageThrｅｅMａnｙarｅawareoｆtｈｅtremendouｓwasｔeofenergｙinｏuｒenvironment，butfailtotakeadvａntageofstｒaigｈtforwardoｐpｏrｔuｎitieｓtｏconｓerｖetｈateｎeｒgy.Forexamｐle，ｅveryoneｋnoｗsthatlightsshoｕlｄｂeswitchｅdｏffwheｎｎooneisinanofｆｉcｅ.Sｉmｉｌａrｌy,whｅnemｐlｏyeeｓａｒｅｎotusinｇameetingroｏm,tｈereｉsｎoneeｄtoreｇｕlatetempｅrａt(yī)ure.Fortｕnately,oneneeｄnotrelyonhumaninteｒｖeｎtｉoｎtｏcoｎsｅrveenｅrgｙ.Withｔｈehelpofｓmarｔseｎsingandnetwｏrkteｃｈｎｏlogｙ,ｅnergｙconsｅrｖatiｏnprocessessｕｃｈaｓturnｉngｏfflｉghtsandadjusｔingｔempeｒaturecanbereadilｙaｕtomated．Ｕltimａｔeｌy,tｈistｅｃhnologyｗilｌｅnaｂleｃｏｎsuｍersａnｄplantmanagｅｒstoｂetteriｄentｉfywaｓtｅfulenergｙｕｓeanｄinstituteｐｒoceｄｕresｔhatleadtｏｓｍarｔerａndmorｅefficienthomｅｓ,ｂuiｌdｉngsanｄindustrialplantｓ.Untｉlnow,wirｅsanｄcaｂｌesfoｒpowerａndcｏｎnectｉvｉｔｙhaｖｅlimitedｔｈｅwidesprｅadadoｐtioｎｏfsｅnｓoｒ(傳感器)nｅtwoｒksbｙmakiｎｇthemｄifficulｔａndexpｅnｓｉveｔoｉnｓtaｌｌaｎｄｍaiｎtaｉn．Batｔeｒy-poweｒedｗｉrｅｌeｓsｎetworkscａnsimｐlifｙｉｎstalｌａt(yī)ionａｎdrｅｄucecｏst.Bｕttheirｈｉghｐowercoｎｓumｐtionａndｔhｅcorresponｄingｎｅedfoｒregulａrｂatｔerｙrｅplacemｅｎthasmａdewｉｒeｌeｓsnetworｋｓdifｆicultａndcostlytomaiｎtaｉn.Nobodywantｓtｏreplacehundｒeｄsｏrthoｕsａｎdsｏfｗｉndoｗseｎsｏrbaｔｔeriｅsinalａrgebuildingonaregｕlarbasiｓ.Theｐromisｅoｆwiｒeleｓｓsenｓorｎetworkscａnonlybｅfullｙreａｌizedwhenthewirｉｎgfoｒbｏthtｈedaｔaｃommunicａt(yī)ionandthｅpoｗerｓupｐlyiｓelｉminａt(yī)ed.Doingｓoreｑuｉｒesａｔｒuebaｔｔery-fｒｅｅwireｌｅｓｓsolutiｏｎ,ｏnｅthatｃanuｔilizｅenergyharｖesteｄdｉreｃtlｙfromｔheenvｉroｎｍents.Tｏfaｃiｌiｔａｔetｈewidespreａddeｐｌｏymentｏｆwｉrelesssensｏrnetworkｓ,Gｒｅenpeａkｈasdeveloｐeｄａnｕｌtra-ｌow－poｗeｒcｏmmuniｃａt(yī)ｉonｔｅchnologythatcaｎutilizeenvｉroｎｍentａlenｅrgysouｒｃｅｓsuchａslｉｇht,motionａnｄｖibｒaｔioｎ.Thiｓteｃｈnｏlogｙ,eｍｐloyingｏn-ｂｏarｄｐｏｗermanａgemeｎｔcirｃuiｔsandcomｐutersoftｗaｒｅtｏｍoｎitorenergyharｖｅstersaｎdmａkeｔｈebestuseofｈａrvestｅdeｎergy，eｎａbｌesｓｅnsorstｏｏpｅｒatereｌiaｂｌyｉｎａbaｔtery-freｅenvironｍent.Wｉrelｅsssenｓoｒneｔworksdeploｙｅdinoutｏfｆiｃｅsandhｏmeswiｌlｈａｖeaneｎｏrmousiｍpａctonｏurdailyｌiｖｅs,helpinｇtoｂuildasmaｒterworlｄinwhicheｎｅｒgyｉsrｅcycｌedandｆｕｌlyuｔilized．Thｅｓｅwirelessｐlａt(yī)foｒmｓ，equippｅｄｗitｈaｄｖａｎcedsensｉｎｇcapａｂilitｙ，willenａbleuｓｔoｂetteｒｃoｎtrolourｌiｖeｓ,homesandenｖironmｅnｔ，crｅatｉngatrｕlｙｃonnecｔedwｏrldtｈａt(yī)eｎablesｐeopleｗｏrｌdwｉｄｅtoliveiｎamoreｃomforｔaｂle,ｓafeｒ,ａnｄｃleanerｅnviｒｏnｍent.4３．Ｂｙ“huｍａnintervention”(Paragraph2）,theauｔhｏrrｅfｅrsｔo_____.AtheredｕctionoｆｇrｅateｎｅrｇyｗaｓteｉntheenvironmentBtｈegrａsｐingofｓtraｉghtforwａrdｏpｐｏrtunitiesａvailableCactsliｋｅtuｒningoｆfliｇhｔswhennooｎeisｉｎtheroomDｔheadｏｐtionofsmartｓeｎsｉngandnetｗorｋtｅchnolｏgｙ４４．Bａｔteriesaｒenｏtａnｉdealeｎeｒｇysourｃefｏrsｅnsornｅtworksbeｃausetｈeｙ＿_＿＿．AｈavｅｔobeｒeplacedfrｏmｔimｅｔｏｔiｍeBcontａｉｎmｅtalsthatｐolｌutｅtheenvironmentCreqｕireautｏmatiｃｒeｃhａrgingDarediｆficuｌtandcosｔｌyｔoｍaintain45．Battery-fｒeewirｅlesssｅnｓornetworksaｒemadepoｓｓibleｂｙｔhefａctthａt(yī)__＿__.ＡtherｅisｅnerｇｙintheeｎｖironｍenttｏbeｕｔiｌiｚedBｔhecｏstofｕsｉｎｇthemhaｓbeenｄrasticallyreｄuceｄCｍｏderｎdaｔacｏmmｕnicａｔioncｏｎsumeｓlittlｅenerｇyDtｈeirmainｔｅｎａnｃehasbeengreatlysｉｍplifｉed４6．Accｏrｄiｎｇtotｈeｐaｓsagｅ,GreeｎPeａｋ_____.AisｔhefｉrstcｏmpanytｏinstａｌlwireleｓssｅnsoｒｎetwoｒksＢpromｏtesｔｈｅapplicaｔioｎoｆｗiｒｅlesｓsensornetwoｒksCsｕpｐliesbaｔteｒiesｏperatingonharvesｔｅdｅnerｇyＤbenefitｓhanｄsomelyfromｃoｍmｕｎiｃａｔｉoｎtechnoｌogy4７．ThefｏcuｓofParａgraph４ｉsonthe＿_＿__.AreｐlacemenｔoｆbattｅriｅsiｎhａrvｅｓｔeｒsBmonitoringoｆｅnerｇyhaｒvｅsｔｅdfroｍｔｈeenvｉrｏｎmentCelｉｍinａt(yī)ionofbaｔteｒｉeｓiｎsｅnsｏrnetworksＤimpａctofｓensorｎｅｔworkｓoｎpowｅrsuppｌy48.Wiｒelessseｎsornetworkspｒoｍｉｓeto____.ＡbｒinｇbuｓinｅｓseshighprofｉtsＢfｕrtherdevｅlopｔheｓensingｔechnologyCｔurnmoｔioniｎtoamａjoｒsｏurceoｆenerｇｙＤimprovｅthｅdailｙliveｓofpｅoplewoｒｌｄwidePassageFoｕrIfyoｕhａven’theardorseenanyｔｈｉngａbｏｕｔＲｏadRageiｎtheｌaｓtfeｗｍｏｎtｈyou’vｅprｏbaｂｌybｅeｎａvoidinｇthemeｄｉa.Tｈerehａvebeencounｔlｅｓsｓｔｏrieｓaｂouttｈenewandscaryphenomenｏn,cｏnsideredatｙpeoｆａgｇｒessiveｄrivｉｎg.Youｈaｖｅｍorｅlikeｌyeｎｃounteｒedaｇgｒｅｓｓｉvｅdｒｉｖinｇanｄ/ｏｒＲoadRagereceｎtlyiｆyoｕdrｉｖｅatall.Whiｌedrｕnkdrivingｒemａiｎsacrｉtｉcａlproｂlem,ｔhefacｔｓaｂoｕtａggreｓsivedriviｎｇａreｓｕｒelyａsdiｓｔurbing.Ｆorｉｎstａnｃe,acｃordinｇtｏthｅＮatiｏnaｌHｉghwayTraｎsｐoｒtａt(yī)ioｎSafｅtyＡssｏｃiation,４1,907ｐeｏpｌediedonthehiｇhwaｙlasｔyeａr．Ofthosefatalitieｓ,thｅagenｃyｅstiｍateｓthataboｕttwｏ-thirdswerecausedatleastiｎpartbyａggresｓiｖedrｉviｎgｂeｈａｖior.Wｈyisthisphｅnomｅnｏｎoccｕrringmorethanevernow,andwhyisitsometｈingthatｓeemeｄalmoｓｔnoneｘisｔenｔａｆeｗｓｈortyeaｒｓａgｏ？Ｅｘpertshaｖeｓeveralthｅories,andaｌlarｅpｒobablypaｒtiallycｏrreｃt.Ｏnｅsugｇｅstｉoｎissheertｏovercroｗdｉng．Iｎthelａstｄecadｅ,thenumberｏｆcarsonthｅｒｏａdｓhａｓincｒeaｓeｄbymｏｒeｔhａｎ11percｅｎts,aｎdｔhｅnumｂｅrofmｉlesdｒivｅnhａsincrｅａseｄby3５ｐercent.Howeｖer,thｅnumbｅrofｎewｒｏadmiｌeｓｈasｏnｌyinｃreaｓｅbｙ1percenｔ.Thatmeanｓmｏreｃarsinｔｈeｓａmｅamountofsｐａｃｅ;ａndｔhｅｐｒｏbleｍｉｓmagｎifｉeｄinurbanareas．Alｓo,ｐｅopｌehaveｌesstiｍeaｎｄmｏrethingstodo．Withpeoｐｌeｗorkingaｎｄtryingtofitextraｃhores(瑣事)andaｃｔivｉtiesintｏtheday,streｓslevelｓhaveneｖerbeenhｉghｅr.Stｒｅsｓcreatesanｘｉｅty,whiｃhleadstoshｏrttｅmｐers.Tｈeｓefactoｒs,wheｎcoｍbｉneｄiｎcerｔainｓiｔｕaｔｉonｓ,ｃａｎｓpellＲｏａｄRａge.Ｙoumaythinkyouarethelastｐｅrsｏnwhｏｗoulddriveaｇｇrｅsｓivｅly,bｕｔyｏumｉghtbesｕｒprised.Fｏriｎstancｅ,ｈaveyoｕｅveryellｅdｏutｌouｄatａｓlowerdrｉver，ounｄedtｈｅhornlonｇandｈarｄａt(yī)ａnoｔhｅrcar，ｏrspeduｐtokeepanoｔherdriveｒfrｏmasｓｉｇn？Ifyｏuｒecogｎizeyourｓelｆinanｙｏｆｔhｅsesituａｔioｎs,watchout?。議etheryouaregetｔingangryaｔotherdrivｅrs，ｏrａｎotｈｅrdｒiverｉsｖisiblyupｓetwitｈｙｏu,tｈeｒｅａrｅtｈiｎｇsyouｃandotoaｖoidanyｍajｏrconfrontatiｏn．IfｙｏuaｒesｃeptibｌｅtｏＲoａdRage,theｋeyisｔｏｄischargeｙouremotioninahealthｙway.Iｆyｏｕａrethｅtａｒｇetｏfanotheｒdｒivｅr’ｓrａｇｅ,doeverytｈingｐｏssｉbletogetaｗayfｒomｔhｅｏtherdriverｓａfetｙ,iｎcludingaｖoｉｄiｎgｅｙecｏntａｃtandgettingｏuｔoftheirway.49．ThefｉｒｓｔｓentｅｎceinPaｒagrａｐh1impliｅsthaｔ_＿___.ApeoｐｌenotinｔｅrｅｓtｅｄiｎthemｅdiaknowlｉttlｅaｂoutrecｅnthａppｅningｓＢRoａｄRagehasｒｅceivｅdmuchｍeｄiacoｖerａgeｉnthelａstfewｍoｎｔhsCoｎｅmａyberagedbymｅdｉareportsandwanｔsｔoａｖoidtｈemDthemediacoｉnｅdtheteｒm“ＲoadRａge”onｌｙａfewmｏntｈsago５0.AccordiｎgｔothｅNatioｎalHigｈwａyTransportａt(yī)ｉonSafeｔｙAｓsocｉatiｏn,lａstyeaｒ＿___＿.AdrunkdrｉvinｇrｅmainｅdtｈｅNo.1kiｌleｒｏｎtｈehighwayBｍｏｒepeopｌeweｒekｉlｌedbｙaggressivedｒivｉnｇthanｂydrunkｄrivinｇCtwoｔhiｒｄsofdrivｅrswｅｒekillｅdｂｙaggressivedrivingD４1，９0７peoplefellｖiｃtｉｍｔoaｇgｒessiｖeｄriving51.WｈichoｆthefoｌlowingisNOTｍentioｎedaｓacauｓeofaggｒessivedrivinｇ？AIncｒｅasingnumbeｒoｆcarsBDｒivers’ｓｔresｓandanxｉeｔyCOvｅrcｒｏｗｄedｒoadｓDＲusｈｈourtｒafｆic５2.Thewｏrd“spelｌ”ｉnPaｒagraｐh3ｍeans”___＿_”．AｓpeakBcauseCdesｃｒiｂeDspare５3.Ｗhiｃhｏftｈefｏlｌoｗｉngｃharaｃteｒizｅｓaggｒesｓiｖedｒiviｎg？ATａlkｉｎgwｈｉlｅdrivinｇBDriviｎgfastCYｅlｌingatanｏtherdrｉverDSｏｕｎdinｇthehｏｒｎｗhｅnpasｓing54.Thelastｐaragraphisintendedto_＿_＿_.ＡtellpeopleｈowtocｏｐeｗiｔhRoａdRagｅBinｆormpeoplehｏwagｇｒessivｅｄriverscｏuldbeＣteｌlpeoplehｏwtoｃｏnｔrolthｅmselvｅswｈenangryDwarnｐeｏpleａgainsteyeｃｏｎtａｃtwithaｎｏｔherdｒiveｒPaｓsageFiｖｅIntｈeearlｙ２0ｔｈｃenｔｕry,ａhorｓenamedClｅｖeｒＨａnｓwasbｅlieｖeｄｃaｐableofｃoｕntinｇａｎdothｅｒimpreｓsｉvｅmｅntalｔaｓｋs.Afterｙeａrsofgreａt(yī)perｆoｒｍance,psychologｉstsdiscovｅｒedthａt(yī)tｈoughHaｎsｗascertａｉnlyclevｅr，heｗasnotcｌｅｖeriｎｔhewayｅvｅrｙｏneexｐectｅd.Thｅｈorｓeｗａｓclevｅrlypickｉngupontiny,uniｎtｅｎtiｏｎalboｄiｌｙandfacｉalsｉgnalsgivｅｎoutnotoｎlｙbｙhｉstｒａｉｎer,butaｌsobytheaudiencｅ.Awａｒeoｆｔhｅ“ClevｅrHans”effｅｃｔ,ＬisaLitattｈｅUnivｅrsiｔyoｆCａlifoｒｎiaａndｈerｃolｌeaguesｗoｎｄｅredwhｅthertｈｅｂeliefsｏfprｏfessionaldｏghaｎdlerｓｍigｈtｓimiｌａrlyaffｅcttｈｅoｕtcomesoｆseaｒchersfｏrdrｕgsandexplosｉｖes.DrLiｔａskeｄ18profeｓｓioｎalｄoghａｎdlersaｎdｔｈeiｒdogstocｏmpleｔeｂriefseａrｃhｅs.Beforetｈesearｃhes,thehanｄlｅrｓwereｉnｆｏrmedthatsomeofthｅseaｒchaｒeamighｔｃontaｉnuｐtｏthｒeetａrｇetscents,aｎdalsothaｔintｗocasｅstｈosesｃentswoulｄｂｅmａrｋedbypieceｓｏｆｒedpaｐｅr.Whatｔｈeｈａｎdlerｓwerenotｔoｌdwasthaｔnonｅoftｈeseaｒchaｒｅascontainｅdtheｓceｎtsofｅithｅrdrugsoｒexｐlosives.Any“dｅｔecｔioｎｓ”madebｙtｈeteａｍｓthusｈaｄｔobｅfalｓe．Tｈefiｎdingsｒｅvｅalｓtｈaｔof14４sｅarches，only２１werｅｃｌｅan(ｎｏaｌeｒts).Alltheｏthersｒaｉｓedonealertormore．Intoｔal,theteａmsraiseｄ22５alｅrts.WhiletheｓheeｒｎuｍbｅroｆｆalseaｌerｔsstuckDｒLiｔasfascinａｔｉng,itwaswheretheytooｋplａcethaｔwａｓofgｒｅａt(yī)estｉnteｒest.Ｗhenhanｄleｒscoｕldsｅearedｐieｃeofpａper,allegｅｄlｙｍａrkｉngaｌoｃaｔｉｏnｏfinteｒeｓt，theyweｒemｕｃhmoreliｋelytｏsaythatthｅｉｒｄogssignａlｅdanalert．Thehumａnhａnｄlerswerenotonlyｄistraｃtedonaｌｍoｓteｖｅryoｃcaｓionbythｅsｔimuluｓaｉmｅｄatｔhｅm，butalｓotransmittedｔhaｔdｉsｔｒａcｔiontｏtheｉraｎiｍａls—whｏreｓｐｏndedａccorｄｉngｌy.Tomixmｅtaｐhors,thｅdｏgsｗerecrｙｉng“wolf”ａt(yī)tｈeunconｓｃioｕssｉgｎaｌｏfｔｈeirhaｎdleｒs．Hｏwｍｕｃhthａt(yī)matterｓiｎthｅrealwoｒldiｓuｎcleａr.Butitmｉｇｈt.Ifａhａndｌｅｒ,fｏrｅxample,unconsciｏｕsｌｙ“proｆｉled”peoplｅbeingsnｉffedbｙadrｕg,ｏrexplosｉve-dｅtｅctingdoｇatａnairport,ｆａlseｐositiveｃoｕldabｏｕｎd.Ｔｈatisnotonlyｂａｄfｏrinnｏｃｅnttravelｅｒs，bｕtmightdiｓtｒaｃｔthetｅａmfrｏｍcaｔchinｇtheguｉｌｔｙ．55.ＷhatｄidpsycｈｏｌogｉstｓfindouｔaｂoutＣleverHans？ＡＨｅｗaｓａｓcleｖerａsｐｅｏｐleｃlaimeｄ.BHewasrｅaｌlygooｄaｔｃoｕnｔing．CHecouldｕnderstａndｈuｍａnlanｇｕａge.DHemｅｒeｌyreｓpondｅｄtoｈumansignaｌs.5６.LisaLitandhercollｅagues_＿__．Aqｕesｔiｏnedthe“ＣｌeverＨaｎs”ｅffectBｄisｃovｅredtｈｅ“CleveｒHans”efｆeｃtＣｃonｆiｒｍedtｈe“ＣleveｒＨans”effｅctDrｅｊeｃteｄthe“ClｅveｒＨans”effect57．Thｅdｏghａndleｒslearneｄbｅforeｔhｅｓearcｈeｓtｈat_＿＿_.AeａcｈsｅarchareacoｎｔａｉneｄｔｈreｅtａrgeｔｓcenｔｓBtｈerewasａcｔuａllyｎoｔａrｇeｔｓcｅｎｔｉｎthesearｃhareａCsometａrｇetscentsｍaybelabeledwithasｐecialｍarｋDtheirdogswerｅeｘｐｅcteｄｔofｉｎdthescentsofrｅdpaｐｅr58.Ｗhatwasmｏstｓｉgniｆicantａbｏutｔheexperiment，accoｒdingtoＤｒＬiｔ？AＴheｌocａt(yī)ioｎofｔｈeｆａlｓeaｌｅrｔｓBTheregｕｌarityoｆtheｆａlsｅaleｒtｓＣThｅnuｍbｅｒoｆthefalsｅalｅｒtsＤThetimingｏfthefalseａlerｔs5９.Ｉtcanbeconｃlｕdedfromtheeｘｐｅriｍentｔhat＿_＿_.AｄoghandlerｓaremoreｌikｅlｙtobｅdｉｓtracｔedthantheiｒdogsBｄogsmayaｃtinresｐoｎｓetotｈeirhａｎdlerｓ’bodilyｓｉgnａlsCthｅｃooｐeｒationbｅtweeｎdogｓaｎdtheiｒｈandｌｅrｓｉskｅytosｕccｅssDｗell－ｔraｉneddoｇｓcanbetｔeｒundｅｒstaｎdtheirｈaｎdlers’sｉgnaｌs6０.ThｅauｔｈｏrthinksthatDrＬit’ｓfiｎdｉngs_＿___.AsｈouldraiseouｒconcerninreaｌlifeBmaynotbeｕsefuliｎｒeａｌsｉtuationsCｓｈｏuldbebacｋedupbｙｆurｔｈerevidencｅDwiｌlbewｉdelyａｐpliedｉntheｎeａrfuｔｕreＰａrｔIVCloｚe(１５minuｔes,15poｉｎts,1foｒeach）Zoosｈａvebecｏｍeaｎiｍpｏｒtantｓiteforthｅprｅｓeｒvationａndｐrotectｉonofwｉｌdliｆeｒesourｃｅs,_＿６1＿_tｈosesｐeciｅsｔhａt(yī)areendanｇerｅd．_＿62_＿,manyｚoosdiｓplayｅdlivｅanｉｍalsfｏｒpublicenｔertaｉnment.Prｅｓenｔlyｓomezoｏｓhaｖebecomｅｓcieｎtｉfｉcaｎdeducational_＿63__thathaveconｔribｕｔedtｏtheｕnderstandｉnｇandｃonservａt(yī)iｏnoｆwildaｎimａlpｏｐulations．__６4__ｔhecｈalｌengeｓfaｃingmｏdｅrｎzoosａretheｃoｓtofｕｐgradinｇoldfacilitieｓ，thｅｓtrugｇlｅｔoｏbｔaｉｎ＿_65__opｅratｉngfunds,aｎdtｈeｎeedｔｏａt(yī)tracｔｍoreviｓitｏrstｏnewandentｅrｔａiniｎgexhｉbits.Maｎy__６6__zoosinAmerｉｃancitieｓhaveundeｒgoｎerenovation(翻新)durinｇtheｌａstｄｅcaｄesoftheｔwenｔieｔｈｃentury.Ａmongthｅrecｅntｔｒenｄsｉnzｏｏ＿＿67＿_iｓthecｏnstructionｏｆnewｅncloｓuresthatresemblenａt(yī)urａlｈaｂitａｔs(棲息地)．Ｔheｒｅplacemeｎｔoftｒadｉｔioｎａlsteelbarsａnｄconcrｅtefloｏrs_＿６8__ａｐproｐriatelydesigneｄsurroｕｎdｉngsimprovｅsvisiｔorapｐreｃiatｉoｎofthｅａｎｉmａlｓ．Suchｒｅnovatiｏnｓmay__6９＿_ｓtressｏnａｎiｍａlsandallowt