PAGEPAGE28北京2024中考英語閱讀理解（二）專題十八閱讀理解第2講北京東城一模閱讀理解CD篇教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.駕馭本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。2.駕馭閱讀理解的解題技巧,并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。3.通過閱讀理解高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累,及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí),敏捷應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。C篇名師點(diǎn)撥名師點(diǎn)撥學(xué)問篇“巧婦難為無米之炊”,在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長難句的梳理,能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。敬愛的同學(xué),老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句,快來看看你駕馭了嗎？高頻詞（課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲(chǔ)備,以老師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠精確翻譯的為優(yōu),模糊翻譯的良,不會(huì)翻譯的為差。）單詞/短語詞性詞義拓展駕馭狀況優(yōu)良差normaladj.正常的differentadj.不同的describev.描述frightenedadj.膽怯 的v.frightenterribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.確定rudeadj.粗魯?shù)?，無理的changev.變更c(diǎn)ompletelyadv.完全的adj.completeexcellentadj.極好的excitingadj.令人興奮的popularadj.受歡迎的discussionn.探討v.discusslookforwardto期盼，盼望長難句（課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備,以老師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠精確翻譯的為優(yōu),模糊翻譯的良,不會(huì)翻譯的為差。）1.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：我不想描述我長什么樣子。本句為賓語從句，whatIlooklike作describe的賓語，要留意翻譯時(shí)的語序。2.Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：這本書講解并描述了一個(gè)會(huì)使你感覺到很多不憐憫感的令人興奮的故事。本句為定語從句，由that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞story.初中閱讀中會(huì)遇到大量的定語從句，翻譯是要留意語序，同時(shí)它也是中學(xué)英語的語法重點(diǎn)。方法篇“方法得當(dāng),事半功倍。”只有語料的積累,沒有好方法的協(xié)助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理,能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯,在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上,能夠幫助我們爭取高分。敬愛的同學(xué),老師已經(jīng)為你細(xì)心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧,快來看看你駕馭了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時(shí)要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，假如遇到未學(xué)或不相識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據(jù)上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目內(nèi)容看明白，這樣又能協(xié)助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，詳細(xì)做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自上到下依次設(shè)計(jì)的，依據(jù)難度先解決簡單的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細(xì)致閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，推理推斷題，揣測詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。題型題型一：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題說明本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解實(shí)力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、緣由（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經(jīng)常考察這些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3.多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcutting C.feelawkward D.changetheirtools本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題，干脆就題找答案閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，閱讀段落，確定關(guān)鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.“假如你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。假如你感到別扭并不讓人驚異?！保罁?jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維實(shí)力，即要求學(xué)生依據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設(shè)題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷3.依據(jù)作者的意圖和看法進(jìn)行推斷典題精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的看法，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為“MeeraSyal說無聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，其次段關(guān)鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得主動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤妓鳌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實(shí)力是閱讀理解實(shí)力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據(jù)文中語境來推斷。設(shè)題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關(guān)系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義3.通過構(gòu)詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學(xué)問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系揣測詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義閱讀本段，會(huì)發(fā)覺本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)當(dāng)與之相反，進(jìn)一步推想詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)悟和理解實(shí)力。設(shè)題方式1.問標(biāo)題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是其次段段落大意，要首先鎖定其次段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明白在過去人們認(rèn)為運(yùn)用左手是驚奇的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明白現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講解并描述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的看法上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hangesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故選D。語篇精講語篇精講閱讀問題（抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號(hào)題干及選項(xiàng)1HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?（細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?（細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.3Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?（推理推斷題）A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.通篇尋讀（通讀文章，依據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語或句子，為逐題分析做打算）話題體裁字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)日常生活類記敘文3667分鐘__/3★★★Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAuggie,whofeelsnormalbutlooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbeentoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimathome.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Auggie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessomegoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripandafrighteningeventtherechangesthingscompletely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasagoodsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Butthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.逐題分析語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文。主要介紹了Wonder這本書主要內(nèi)容，闡述的道理及價(jià)值。1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.解析：B.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語differentfromotherboys可將答案鎖定在原文其次段中。依據(jù)其次段關(guān)鍵句ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.“但是Auggie有著畸形的臉，看起來和其它的男孩有很大的不同。”，A項(xiàng)意為“他的名字是特別的”；B項(xiàng)意為“他的臉型不是正常的”，C項(xiàng)意為“他不想去上學(xué)”，D項(xiàng)意為“他喜愛玩他的Xbox?！奔纯赏茢喑稣_答案。2.Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.解析：D.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問的是“Auggi起初不想去上學(xué)的緣由”。依據(jù)題干可將答案鎖定在文章第三段中，依據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.”可知他擔(dān)憂其他的學(xué)生會(huì)看他并說一些糟糕的事情。即可推斷出正確答案。3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.解析：B.推理推斷題。本題詢問的是“我們能夠從這本書中得知什么？”A項(xiàng)意為“它告知我們一個(gè)真實(shí)家庭的故事?！?，依據(jù)最終一段中Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.可知這個(gè)故事的想法是來源于一個(gè)面部畸形的女孩，而不是真實(shí)的故事。B項(xiàng)意為“很多學(xué)校用這本書去教化學(xué)生”，依據(jù)最終一段Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.可判定此項(xiàng)和文中表述一樣；C項(xiàng)意為“成年人比兒童更喜愛這本書”，依據(jù)“Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.”可判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)意為“故事的情感很難理解”，依據(jù)“Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.”可知在這本書中你能感受到很多不同的情感，所以此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，故選B。精講筆記（學(xué)生在老師的指導(dǎo)下,回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的學(xué)問和方法）語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運(yùn)用（激勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句）語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少駕馭2種）細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題1、2推理推斷題3詞義揣測題主旨大意題實(shí)力提升實(shí)力提升基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★單詞/短語詞性詞義normaladj.adj.不同的describev.frightenedadj.adj.可怕的，很糟的v.確定adj.粗魯?shù)?，無理的pletelyadv.excellentadj.adj.令人興奮的adj.受歡迎的discussionn.lookforwardto二、句子英漢互譯★★1.你知道是誰贏得了嬉戲嗎？_____________________________________________.2.你能告知我怎樣用這個(gè)新的電腦嗎？______________________________________________.3.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.______________________________________________.4.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.______________________________________________.5.ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend.______________________________________________.閱讀練習(xí)話題體裁字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)日常生活類記敘文3737分鐘__/4★★★AlexisMartinisathree-year-oldgirlfromArizona.Shehasn’tstartedkindergarten（幼兒園）yet,butshehasanIQabove160,whichiswellabovetheaverage（一般的）people’sIQ.So,thereisnowonderthatshehasbecometheyoungestmemberofMensa,thelargestandoldesthighIQsocietyintheworld.MensaisaninternationalclubwhosemembershaveanIQscoreinthetop2%oftheworld.Currently,Mensahas3,300membersundertheageof18intheU.S.Alexisisoneofthem.TheaveragepeoplegenerallyhaveanIQscoreof100points,butMartinscored160points,thehighestscoreonthetest.ThedoctorswhotestedAlexissaidshescoredsohighthattheycouldn’tevenworkoutherIQexactly.Theythinksheisevensmarterthan99.9%oftheworldpopulation.Actually,shematchedtheIQsoftalentslikeAlbertEinstein,StephenHawkingandBillGates.IanMartin,Alexis’father,saidhisdaughtershowedsignsofsomeuniqueabilitiesattheageofoneandshebeganreadingbooksforpupilswhenshewasjusttwoyearsold.Nowattheageofthree,Alexisisreadingonafifthgradelevel.“From12monthsold,we’dbedrivingaroundinthecarandshewouldrepeatherbedtimestoriesfromthenightbefore,”hesaid.“Shedidn’tjustrepeatthem.Shecouldremembereverywordofthemexactly.”IanMartinthinkshisdaughteralsostandsoutwhenitcomestolearningnewlanguages.“Anytimeshelearnsawordandjustpicksitupthroughanything,shenevereverusesitintheincorrectsituation,ever,”Iansaid.WhileAlexis’sparentsareproudthattheirthree-year-olddaughterhasbecomeamemberinMensa,theyarealsoawareofthepricethatcomeswitheverygift.ThedoctorssayAlexisshouldneverattendanormalschoolandchildrenwithherlevelofintelligence（智力）oftenexperiencehighanxiety（焦慮）unlessthey’rearoundsimilarlygiftedboysandgirls.Herparentsdecidetofollowtheadviceandtrytolookforproperwaystohelphergetinvolvedintosociety.1.Mensaonlyaccepts__________.（細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.teenagersunder18intheU.S.B.peoplewithIQsabove160intheU.S.C.talentsintheworldlikeAlbertEinsteinD.peoplewithIQsinthetop2%oftheworld2.Fromthepassage,weknowthatAlexis’IQis__________.（細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.gettinghigherthroughtrainingB.beyondthelimitoftheIQtestC.abovetheIQofStephenHawkingD.growingtoofasttogetanexactscore 3.OneofAlexis’specialabilitiesisthat__________.（細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.shecouldreadstoriesattheageofoneB.shecouldwritebooksforpupilsattheageoftwoC.shecanremembereverywordofwhatherparentssaidD.shecanlearnnewwordsquicklyandusethemproperly4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（推理推斷題）A.Alexisissuretoexperienceanxietyinthefuture.B.Alexis’parentscan’taffordthegiftsthatshechooses.C.Alexis’parentswon’tbeabletofindheranormalschool.D.Alexismayfeelithardtogetalongwiththeaveragepeople.參考答案基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯單詞/短語詞性詞義normaladj.正常的differentadj.不同的describev.描述frightenedadj.膽怯 的terribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.確定rudeadj.粗魯?shù)?，無理的changev.變更c(diǎn)ompletelyadv.完全地excellentadj.極好的excitingadj.令人興奮的popularadj.受歡迎的discussionn.探討lookforwardto期盼，盼望二、句子英漢互譯。1.Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?2.Couldyoupleasetellmehowtousethenewcomputer?3.我們也了解到了他妹妹和他摯友杰克的生活。4.很多人盼望看到RJPalacio接下來寫的作品。5.昨天參觀我們學(xué)校的那個(gè)男人是一個(gè)美國摯友。閱讀練習(xí)1.D2.B3.D4.DD篇名師點(diǎn)撥名師點(diǎn)撥學(xué)問篇高頻詞單詞/短語詞性詞義拓展駕馭狀況優(yōu)良差possibilityn.可能性adj.possibleopp.impossibleconvenientadj.便利的calmdown安靜下來relaxedadj.放松的necessaryadj.必要的opp.unnecessaryhealthyadj.健康的opp.unhealthyaloneadj.單獨(dú)的spendv.度過，花費(fèi)informationn.信息separate…from…把…與…分開長難句1.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：我可以通過Viber給我住在洛杉磯的妹妹打電話。本句為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞sister。2.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包袱）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認(rèn)可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：這是一個(gè)我們能得到很多關(guān)于其他人生活的表面信息的時(shí)代，但是被別人所做的事情包袱起來或是總是考慮得到別人的認(rèn)可可能是特別不健康的。本句的前半部分是一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞age，后半句是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語的句子。方法篇“方法得當(dāng),事半功倍。”只有語料的積累,沒有好方法的協(xié)助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理,能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯,在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上,能夠幫助我們爭取高分。敬愛的同學(xué),老師已經(jīng)為你細(xì)心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧,快來看看你駕馭了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時(shí)要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，假如遇到未學(xué)或不相識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據(jù)上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目內(nèi)容看明白，這樣又能協(xié)助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，詳細(xì)做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自上到下依次設(shè)計(jì)的，依據(jù)難度先解決簡單的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細(xì)致閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，推理推斷題，揣測詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。題型題型一：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題說明本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解實(shí)力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、緣由（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經(jīng)?？疾爝@些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3.多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcutting C.feelawkward D.changetheirtools本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題，干脆就題找答案閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，閱讀段落，確定關(guān)鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.“假如你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。假如你感到別扭并不讓人驚異?！?，依據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維實(shí)力，即要求學(xué)生依據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設(shè)題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷3.依據(jù)作者的意圖和看法進(jìn)行推斷典題精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的看法，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為“MeeraSyal說無聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，其次段關(guān)鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得主動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤妓鳌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實(shí)力是閱讀理解實(shí)力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據(jù)文中語境來推斷。設(shè)題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關(guān)系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義3.通過構(gòu)詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學(xué)問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系揣測詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義閱讀本段，會(huì)發(fā)覺本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)當(dāng)與之相反，進(jìn)一步推想詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)悟和理解實(shí)力。設(shè)題方式1.問標(biāo)題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是其次段段落大意，要首先鎖定其次段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明白在過去人們認(rèn)為運(yùn)用左手是驚奇的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明白現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講解并描述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的看法上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hangesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故選D。語篇精講語篇精講閱讀問題（抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號(hào)題干及選項(xiàng)1Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?（詞義揣測題）A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.2Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingaloneproperly?（細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.It’stheonlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.It’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmakesout-goingpeoplefeellonely.3Thewriteragrees .（推理推斷題）A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly4What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?（主旨大意題）A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?通篇尋讀話題體裁字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時(shí)實(shí)際用時(shí)正確率星級(jí)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類爭論文3737分鐘__/4★★★★Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.Eventhemostout-goingpeopleneedsome“downtime”tocalmdownontheirownandgetrelaxed.ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.Afterall,youhavetolivewithyourselffortherestofyourlife,soyou’dbetterknowhowtoenjoyyourowncompany.Itcanbeagoodthingtohavetimetoyourselftocollectyourthoughtsandfreeyourfeelings.TodayIwentforawalkbymyselfaroundthelakeandjustday-dreamed.Itwassorelaxingandenjoyableandhelpedmeletgoofmybademotions.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘a(chǎn)lone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滾屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包袱）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認(rèn)可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.逐題分析語篇解讀：本篇文章是社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類的爭論文。本文主要描述的是當(dāng)今社會(huì)人們大部分時(shí)間都在關(guān)注別人的生活或在意別人對(duì)自己的看法，很少有自己獨(dú)處的時(shí)間這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。闡述了我們應(yīng)當(dāng)平衡留給自己的時(shí)間和與他人交往的時(shí)間這一觀點(diǎn)。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.解析：A詞義揣測題。劃線詞匯出現(xiàn)在文章中的第一段，閱讀本段，會(huì)發(fā)覺本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞however“然而”，however之前闡述的是thiscanbeveryconvenient，即與家人聯(lián)系是特別便利的，故however后的句子應(yīng)是與其意思相反的，是消極詞匯，所以解除B和D。依據(jù)其次段第一句中的calmdown“冷靜下來”，可以知道劃線詞匯為它的反義詞，A意為“打攪的”；C意為“不滿足”，故選A。2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingaloneproperly?A.It’stheonlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.It’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmakesout-goingpeoplefeellonely.解析：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“作者認(rèn)為合理的保持孤獨(dú)怎么樣？”，閱讀全文，可將答案鎖定在文章其次段中，依據(jù)其次段關(guān)鍵句“ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.”“我認(rèn)為是必要的和健康的”，可以判定正確答案為C。3.Thewriteragrees . A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly解析：B推理推斷題。本文須要我們選擇符合作者觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“知道別對(duì)我們的看法是很重要的”，依據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)其次行句子“alwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認(rèn)可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.”可以判定此項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。B項(xiàng)意為“總是將別和我們自己作比較是有害的”，本句話關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)在第三段Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline，因此可以判定選項(xiàng)與作者觀點(diǎn)一樣。CD兩項(xiàng)與文章探討的中心論點(diǎn)無關(guān)，解除，故選B。4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?解析：D主旨大意題。本篇文章作者所要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是我們須要更多的時(shí)間獨(dú)處，A項(xiàng)意為“科技對(duì)我們真的有好處嗎？”；B項(xiàng)意為“我們?cè)鯓幽鼙３峙c其他人之間的聯(lián)系？”；C項(xiàng)意為“過得歡樂的最好方法是什么？”；D項(xiàng)意為“我們真的有足夠的獨(dú)處時(shí)間嗎？”，故選D。精講筆記語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運(yùn)用（激勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句）語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少駕馭2種）細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題2推理推斷題3詞義揣測題1主旨大意題4實(shí)力提升實(shí)力提升基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★單詞/短語詞性詞義possibilityn.convenientadj.安靜下來adj.放松的necessaryadj.adj.健康的adj.單獨(dú)的v.度過，花費(fèi)informationn.separate…from…二、句子英漢互譯★★1.我怎能限制我自己？我無法冷靜下來。______________________________________________.2.在踢足球的男孩們是一班的。______________________________________________.3.Washinghandsbeforemealsisgoodforourhealth._________