UNIT3DIVERSECULTURES核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.gumbon.秋葵湯(用秋葵莢做的濃雞湯或海鮮湯)2.nachosn.[pl.]墨西哥玉米片3.chipn.(英)炸土豆條；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片4.cheesen.干酪；奶酪5.spicyadj.加有香料的；辛辣的6.ethnicadj.具有民族特色的；異國風味的；民族的；種族的7.downtownadv.在市中心；往市中心8.graffitin.[pl.]涂鴉；胡寫亂畫9.chinan.瓷；瓷器10.jazzn.爵士樂11.barn.酒吧；小吃店；小館子12.diagramn.簡圖；圖解；圖表；示意圖13.Atlanticadj.大西洋的14.poetryn.詩集；詩歌；詩作15.jeansn.牛仔褲16.bootn.靴子17.mushroomn.蘑菇；蕈18.accessoryn.配飾；附件；配件19.taichin.太極拳20.clothingn.衣服；服裝21.herbaladj.藥草的；香草的

高頻詞匯1.________n.傳教(區(qū))；重要任務(wù)；使命2.________n.地區(qū)；區(qū)域seekearnjournal3.__________adv.以后；后來4.________vt.&vi.尋找；尋求；爭?。?向人)請求5.________vt.&vi.掙得；賺得；贏得；博得claimseries6.________n.日志；日記；報紙；刊物7.________vt.&n.奪取(生命)；宣稱；斷言8.________n.一系列；連續(xù)；接連missiondistrictafterwards9.________n.少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派；少數(shù)人minority10.________vi.&vt.逃走；逃脫；避開n.逃跑；逃脫；解脫11.________adv.特別；格外adj.頂好的；超級的escapesuper12.________n.紀念物；紀念品13.__________n.百分率；百分比14.________n.氣候souvenirpercentageclimate15.________adj.溫和的；和善的；輕微的16.________n.材料；布料；素材adj.物質(zhì)的；實際的17.________n.項目；一件商品(或物品)；一條(新聞)mildmaterialitem

拓展詞匯1.diverseadj.不同的；多種多樣的→________n.差異(性)；不同(點)；多樣性diversityfortunatefortunately

2.fortunen.機會；運氣→__________adj.幸運的；吉利的→__________adv.幸運地；幸虧→___________adj.不幸的3.admitvi.&vt.承認vt.準許進入(或加入)→__________n.接納；準許入內(nèi)；承認；入場券unfortunateadmission4._________adv.肯定；確實→_______adj.明確的；肯定的→definevt.給……下定義；確定……的界限definitelydefinite5.________vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→occurrencen.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)6.comicn.連環(huán)畫雜志；漫畫雜志；喜劇演員adj.滑稽的；使人發(fā)笑的→________n.喜?。幌矂∑琽ccurcomedy7.historyn.歷史；歷史學→__________adj.(有關(guān))歷史的→__________n.歷史學家；史學工作者historicalhistorian8._________n.(外來)移民；外僑→immigratev.(從外地)移居；移民immigrantselection9.selectvt.選擇；挑選；選拔→________n.選擇；挑選；選拔10.________adj.財政的；財務(wù)的；金融的→financen.財政；金融financialpoisonousfoldcollect

11.________adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的→poisonn.毒物；毒藥；毒素vt.毒死；毒害12.________vt.包；裹；折疊vt.&vi.(可)折??；(可)疊平→unfoldv.打開

13.collectionn.作品集；收集物；收藏品→________v.收集；采集14.settlevt.&vi.定居；結(jié)束(爭論)；解決(糾紛)→_________n.定居；安定→________n.定居者settlementsettler15.__________n.建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短語等的)結(jié)構(gòu)→constructvt.建筑；構(gòu)筑；建設(shè)construction16.suitvt.適合；滿足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套裝→________adj.適合的；適宜的suitablecontain17.________vt.包含；含有；容納→containern.容器18.neatadj.極好的；整潔的；整齊的→________adv.整潔地；整齊地neatly熟詞生義1.bar【熟義】n.酒吧；小吃店；小館子【生義①】n.條狀物【典例】Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.郊游時，有人給了她一塊條狀糖果?！旧x②】n.把手

【典例】Withonehandonthebars,

hefiredthesprayatthewolf.他用一只手握住自行車把手，另一只手向狼射出噴霧。2.contain【熟義】vt.包含；含有；容納【生義】vt.克制；抑制【典例】Containyourself!It'snotthatexciting.別太激動！沒那么精彩！headfortuneaaboutofapart

重點短語1.________to(朝……)前進；(向……)去2.seekone's________尋找成功致富之路；闖世界3.earn________living謀生4.bring________導致；引起5.series________一系列或一連串(事件)6.________from除了……外(還)；此外7.toname________afew僅舉幾例8.varieties________各種各樣的9.(at)first________第一手；親自10.turn...________...把……變成……butofhandinto精選佳句教材原句livinghere

1.Manyofthepeople________________arefromMexicoorCentralAmerica.許多生活在這里的人來自墨西哥或中美洲。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式1：動名詞(短語)作后置定語教材原句Whatstarted

2._______________asaresidentialareaforChineseimmigrantsthenturnedintoacentreforChineseculture.早先作為中國移民的住宅區(qū)的地方，后來變成了中華文化的中心。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式2：what引導主語從句，且在從句中作主語教材原句manyofwhom

3.ThemajorityofresidentsinChinatownarestillethnicChinese,________________________donotspeakEnglishfluently.唐人街的大多數(shù)居民仍然是華人，他們中的許多人英語說得并不流利。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式3：“不定代詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導定語從句教材原句spendhoursexploring

4.Visitorscanalso_____________just________theinterestingsights,smells,andsoundsofChina.游客還可以花幾個小時來探索中國有趣的景色、氣味和聲音。

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

句式4：spend＋一段時間＋(in)doingsth.課文復(fù)現(xiàn)

TheChinatowninSanFranciscoisthe1.__________(big)inAmerica,andalsotheoldest.Theclimateismildallyearround,meaningitisalwaysagoodtimetovisit.Now,themajority2._______residentsinChinatownarestillethnicChinese,andmanyofthemdonotspeakEnglish3.__________(fluent).Thisallowsvisitors4._______________(experience)arealtasteofChina.Visitorscanspendhoursjust5.__________(explore)theinterestingsights,smells,andsoundsofChina.ThestoresintheChinatownoffer6.________uniquebiggestoffluentlyexperienceexploringatorangeof7.___________(souvenir),goods,andclothing.AllkindsoftraditionalChinese8.________(herb)medicinecanbefound,too,andthereareChineseteastores,wherevisitorscantasteandbuya9.________(various)ofChinesetea.Butperhaps10.________manytouristsandSanFranciscanstreasuremostaboutChinatownisitsfood.ThereisChinesefoodtosuiteveryone'staste,withtraditionaldishesfromalloverChina.souvenirsherbalvarietywhat單句語法填空selectionFortunately

1.Whenitcomestoachainoflearningmethods,Imustmakeaproper________(select). 2.Jimwasbittenbyadoginthepark.____________(fortune),heonlygotslightlyinjured.complaining/havingcomplained

3.Mycolleagueadmitted________________________________(complain)agreatdealaboutincome.

4.Thekindnessofthefamilybrought________myfaithinhumanityandIwouldtrytobringwarmthtoothersinthefuture.(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)backcollectiontaking

5.Iboughta___________(collect)offirstaidbooks,whichcompletelysuitedmytaste. 6.Thephysicianwantedtoescape________(take)responsibilityforthemedicalmalpractice.being

7.Therefore,apartfrom________(be)funandgoodexercise,swimmingisaveryusefulskill.8.Yourjeansarenot________(suit)forsuchaformaloccasion,soyou'dbetterreplaceitwithasuit.suitable

9.(2022·新課標Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiological________(diverse)andprotectingecologicalbufferzones”. 10.Itsuddenlyoccurredtome________Ihadmissedtheappointedtime.diversitythat1.fortunen.機會；運氣【典例】①Attheageof16,hewenttotheUKtoseekhisfortune.16歲時，他去英國尋找他的財富。②Webelievedthatitwastheonlywaytomakeafortune.我們相信這是唯一的致富之道。③Itwasfortunatethatthelostpaintingwasrecoveredatlast.很幸運，丟失的畫最后還是找回來了?！練w納】seekone'sfortune找出路；碰運氣makea/one'sfortune發(fā)財tryone'sfortune碰運氣【拓展】(1)misfortunen.不幸；厄運(2)fortunateadj.(＝lucky)幸運的havethe(good)fortune/befortunatetodosth.幸而做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.(＝luckily)幸運地(4)unfortunate

adj.不幸的(5)unfortunatelyadv.不幸地【即學即用】單句語法填空fortune

(1)ManyimmigrantsheadedtoCaliforniatoseektheir________(fortunate)butendedupdoingdiverseoddjobstoearnaliving.完成句子seek/tryhisfortune

(2)他決定到市區(qū)去碰碰運氣，看看能不能發(fā)財。他有幸得到了市長的幫助，并且幸運地成功開辦了自己的公司。

Hedecidedto__________________downtowntosee____________________________.He_________________________________getthehelpofthemayorandsuccessfullystartedhisownbusiness________________.if/whetherhecouldmakeafortunehadthegoodfortuneto/wasfortunatetofortunately/luckily2.admitvi.&vt.承認vt.準許進入(或加入)【典例】①Danaadmittedtobeingstrictwithherchildren.達娜承認對自己的孩子很嚴厲。②Thenarrowwindowsadmitlittlelightintotheroom.窗戶狹窄,只有少量光線可以照進房間。③Youwillnotbeadmittedtothetheatreaftertheperformancehasstarted.演出開始后不許進入劇場?！練w納】admit(to)doing/havingdonesth.承認做過某事admito/to...允許某人進入/加入……beadmittedto/into被(某校)錄??；準許進入……【點津】

其后只接動名詞作賓語的動詞還有：keep,delay,enjoy,practise,finish,imagine,suggest,advise,escape,miss,consider,mind等?！就卣埂縜dmissionn.進入；入場費；承認【即學即用】單句語法填空admission(1)Itissaidthat________(admit)totheconcertis￡5andasaresult，Ideterminetoenjoyit.cheating/havingcheated

(2)Theboyadmitted________________________(cheat)intheexaminationandsincerelyapologizedtohisteacher. →Theboyadmittedthat___________________________________________________________________________________.hehadcheatedintheexaminationandsincerelyapologized/madeasincereapologytohisteacher完成句子(3)只有達到特定標準的人才可以參加奧運會。

Onlythosewhohavereachedthespecificstandard____________________________________________________.(4)得知你已被北京大學錄取，我寫信真誠地祝賀你。(應(yīng)用文寫作之祝賀信)___________________________________________________，Iamwritingtooffersincerecongratulationstoyou.admittedtobethecompetitorsintheOlympicscanbeLearningthatyouhavebeenadmittedinto/toPekingUniversity3.occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)【典例】①AgoodideaoccurredtomewhileIwaswatchingTV.我看電視時想到了一個好主意。

②Itneveroccurstohimthatheshouldmakesuchgreatsuccessinteachingcareer.他從來沒有想到他會在教學事業(yè)中獲得如此巨大的成功。

【歸納】sth.occur(s)tosb.某人(突然)想到某物/某事Itoccurstosb.todo/that從句某人(突然)想到(做)某事短語用法occur

vi.可指某事突然發(fā)生,可與happen互換,但比較正式。表示“某人想到……”時,用occur,后接介詞tohappenvi.特指某事偶然發(fā)生，強調(diào)突發(fā)性。表示“某人發(fā)生了某事”,要用sth.happen(s)tosb.;happentodosth.表示“碰巧做某事”【辨析】occur,happen,takeplace與breakout短語用法takeplace多指有計劃、有目的地發(fā)生,比如舉辦活動、發(fā)生變化等breakout多指自然災(zāi)害、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病的突然爆發(fā)以上這些表示“發(fā)生”的單詞或短語都不能用于被動語態(tài)(續(xù)表)【拓展】表示“某人想到……”的常用句型還有：Itstrikes/hitssb.＋that從句,Itflashes/dawnsonsb.＋that從句。【即學即用】單句語法填空occurredto

(1)Yearsago,acriticalevent________(occur)inmylifethatwouldchangeitforever. (2)Formanypeople,theideaofinheritingculturallegacyhasneveroccurred________them.句式改寫，每空一詞(3)WhenIgothome，IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.itoccurredtomethat

WhenIgothome,________________________________________Ihadleftmybookintheclassroom.4.settlevt.&vi.定居；結(jié)束(爭論)；解決(糾紛)【典例】①ShesettledinViennaafterherfather'sdeath.父親去世后，她就在維也納定居了。②It'stimeyousettledyourdifferenceswithyourparents.現(xiàn)在你該解決和你父母之間的分歧了?！練w納】settledown(使)安靜下來；安頓下來；開始專心于(工作或活動)settledowntosth.＝getdowntosth.著手認真做某事settlein/into習慣于(新居)；適應(yīng)(新工作等)【點津】表示“著手做某事”的常用短語還有：settledowntodoingsth.,godowntodoingsth.,setouttodosth.,setaboutdoingsth.,undertaketodosth.等。【拓展】(1)settlementn.安頓；定居點；解決；協(xié)議(2)settlern.移民；殖民者(3)settledadj.習慣的；固定的【即學即用】單句語法填空settlersearning

(1)Themomentthe________(settle)landedonthecontinent，theysettleddownto________(earn)theirlivingindiverseways.完成句子toseethepandassettlein/intotheirnewhome(2)(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)我很榮幸看到熊貓項目的發(fā)展，看到熊貓們在新家安頓下來。settleddown

It'sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelopand____________________________________________. (3)他們沖下車，搭起帳篷，舒適地坐在草地上，欣賞著周圍令人驚嘆的景象。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫) Theydashedoutofthecar，putupthetentand______________________________,enjoyingthesurroundingbreathtakingsights.onthegrass5.suitvt.適合；滿足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套裝【典例】①It'snotreallysuitedtoabsolutebeginners.它并不真正適合從零開始的初學者。②Theareaiswellsuitedforweddingparty.這個地方很適合舉辦婚宴。③She'swearingablacktrousersuit.她穿著一身黑色衣褲套裝。【歸納】bewellsuitedto/for(doing)sth.非常適合(做)某事asuitof...一套……單詞用法suit多指樣式、顏色等方面合乎某人的需要、口味、性格、條件、地位、場合等match多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配fit多指大小、形狀的合適【辨析】suit,match與fit

Thehatdoesn'tsuither，foronethingitdoesn'tfitbecauseofitssize;foranotheritscolourdoesn'tmatchhercharmingface.這頂帽子不適合她；一方面在大小上不合適，另外一方面顏色和她那充滿魅力的臉龐也不協(xié)調(diào)?！就卣埂?1)suitedadj.般配的；合適的(2)suitableadj.適合的besuitableforsb./sth.適合某人/某物besuitabletodo...適合做……

【即學即用】

用suit的適當形式填空

(1)Imusthavethis________cleaned. (2)Thehouseisnotreally________foralargefamily. (3)Thecolourofred________herwell,andshelooksbetterinred.suitsuitablesuits完成句子，每空一詞(4)盡管有些人也許會認為電影院太吵了，但它適合薩莉的情形。issuitablefor

Althoughsomemaythinkthecinemaisnoisy，it________________________Sally'scondition.1.headto(朝……)前進；(向……)去【典例】①Happyasachild,Igotonthebicycleandheadedoutontothestreets.我像個孩子一樣快樂，騎上自行車，跑到街上。 ②ItisnotclearhowmanyofthemwillheadbacktoSaudiArabiatomorrow.尚不清楚他們當中有多少人明天將折回沙特阿拉伯。③Afterthegame,thefansheadedfortheexit.比賽結(jié)束后，球迷們向出口走去?！军c津】headto和headfor

都有“(朝……)前進；(向……)去”的意思?！練w納】headto/for(朝……)前進；(向……)去headbackto返回headout離開

【即學即用】

單句語法填空

(1)I'mgoingtohead________infiveminutes. (2)Everyyearmorethan10，000peoplehead________thecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico. (3)Ifitrains,wewillheadback________ourhotelquickly.outfor/toto2.bringabout導致；引起【典例】

①Mencius'fatherdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhewasbroughtupbyhismother.孟子很小的時候，他的父親就去世了，母親把他撫養(yǎng)成人。②Hisworkbringshimin1，000dollarsamonth.他每月有1000美元的工作收入。

③TheoutbreakofAfricanswinefeverlastyearhasbroughtdownthebreedingstockofpigsinourcountry.去年非洲豬瘟的爆發(fā)使得我國的生豬養(yǎng)殖數(shù)量下降?！練w納】bringin引進；賺得；帶進來bringout出版；闡明；使表現(xiàn)出bringup養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐bringback帶回；使想起bringdown降低；減少【點津】除bringabout外,常見的表示“引起；導致”的單詞或短語還有：cause,resultin,leadto,contributeto等。

【即學即用】

用bring短語的正確形式填空

(1)Idon'tclearlyrememberwho________________thequestionbutrememberitdefinitely________________aheateddiscussion. (2)Thereasonwhydiversegoodsaresoldatsuchalowpriceisthatthemanufacturersarewillingto________________thepriceinreturnforbigvolumepurchases.broughtupbroughtaboutbringdownbringsbackbroughtupbroughtin

(3)Thepictureoften________________tomeaseriesofhappymemoriesofmyhighschooldays. (4)Theideahe___________twomonthsagohas____________alotofmoneyforthecompany. (5)Asateacher，Ihavethegoodfortuneto______________thebestinmystudents.bringout3.apartfrom除了……外(還)；此外【典例】

①Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearntthefollowingphrases.除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你們還學過以下的一些短語。②Theroadwasemptyexceptforafewcars.除了幾輛汽車外，路上空蕩蕩的。

③WilltherebeanyoneelseweknowatthepartybesidesWillandJanet?除了威爾和珍妮特，派對上還有我們認識的人嗎？ ④Youcanhaveanyoneofthecakesexceptthisone.除了這一塊，你可以吃任何一塊蛋糕。單詞/短語用法apartfrom既可以表示besides的含義，也可以表示except或exceptfor的含義besides“除了……之外還有……”，除去的東西包括在范圍內(nèi)，相當于inadditionto/aswellasexcept“除了……之外”，指從同類的人或物中排除exceptfor表示從整體情況來看，要排除其中的部分特殊情況【辨析】apartfrom,besides,except與exceptfor【即學即用】exceptbesides選詞填空(besides/except/exceptfor/apartfrom)(1)Allthestudentstookpartinsportsmeeting_______________Tom.ExceptforApartfrom

(2)Weneedthreemorechairs________________thesetwo. (3)_______________theending,it'sareallygoodfilm. (4)_______________goodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.1.WhatstartedasaresidentialareaforChineseimmigrantsthenturnedintoacentreforChineseculture.(教材P32)早先作為中國移民的住宅區(qū)的地方后來變成了中華文化的中心。

【剖析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。what用作連接代詞，引導主語從句

WhatstartedasaresidentialareaforChineseimmigrants，并在從句中作主語，整句話的謂語是turnedinto?！镜淅?/p>

①(2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.通過這種方式，你們可以就你們每個人的特殊之處以及你們個性中閃光的方面交換想法。(賓語從句)

②Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。(主語從句)③Thevillageisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.這個村莊不再是過去的樣子了。(表語從句)④Ihavenoideawhatweshoulddonext.我不知道下一步我們該做什么。(同位語從句)【點津】

(1)當what用作連接代詞，引導名詞性從句時，除了可引導主語從句外，還可引導賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

(2)what在引導名詞性從句時有兩個重要的特點：一是它在相應(yīng)的名詞性從句中一定有含義，常表示“……的東西/樣子/事情/地方/時間等”；二是它在相應(yīng)的名詞性從句中一定作成分，常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等?！颈嫖觥縲hat和that引導名詞性從句的異同：

that引導名詞性從句時不可省略(賓語從句除外)、不作成分、沒有詞義；what

引導名詞性從句時不可省略、作成分、有詞義。

【即學即用】

單句語法填空

(1)Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered________theboywoulddo. (2)Thenumberofthegraduateschoosingtoworkandliveinbigcitieshasdeclined,onethirdof________weexpected.whatwhat完成句子，每空一詞(3)我們所知道的是，煙草含有尼古丁和其他有害產(chǎn)品，所以你應(yīng)該戒煙。Whatisknowntousis

________________________________________________thattobaccocontainsnicotine(尼古丁)andotherharmfulproducts,soyoushouldgiveupsmoking.2.Visitorscanalsospendhoursjustexploringtheinterestingsights,smells,andsoundsofChina.(教材P32)游客還可以花幾個小時來探索中國有趣的景色、氣味和聲音。

【剖析】本句是一個簡單句。主語是Visitors，謂語是canspend，賓語是hours，使用了“sb.＋spend＋一段時間＋(in)doingsth.”句式，表示“某人花費一段時間做某事”?！镜淅?/p>

①(2023·全國乙卷)Asaphotographer,IhavespentthelasttwoyearsrecordingeverythingIdiscovered.作為一名攝影師，在過去的兩年里，我一直在記錄我所發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切。

②(2023·北京卷)Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.雖然你可以在幾周內(nèi)養(yǎng)成一個新習慣，但養(yǎng)成一個健康的習慣需要幾個月的時間。③Hepaid$2，000forhisnewcomputer.他花了2000美元買他的新電腦。④Itcostsalottobuyallthefurniture.買這些家具要花很多錢。單詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句spendsb.＋spend＋時間＋(in)doing/onsth.或sb.＋spend＋金錢＋on(doing)sth.Hespenttwoyearsinwritingthebook.他花了兩年時間寫完這本書。Ispendabout150yuanonbookseverymonth.我每個月大約花150元買書?！颈嫖觥縮pend,take,pay與cost單詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句takeittakes(＋sb.)＋時間＋todoIttakesus3monthstofinishthejob.我們花3個月的時間來完成這項工作。paysb.＋pay＋金錢＋for＋sth.CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut？你會相信我居然花了30美元理發(fā)嗎？coststh.＋cost(＋sb.)＋金錢Thebookcost(me)8dollars.這本書花了(我)8美元。(續(xù)表)

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