PAGEPAGE29北京2024中考英語閱讀理解（七）專題十八閱讀理解第7講北京西城二模閱讀理解CD篇教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.駕馭本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。2.駕馭閱讀理解的解題技巧,并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運用到的解題技巧。3.通過閱讀理解高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累,及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí),敏捷應(yīng)對各種閱讀理解題。C篇名師點撥名師點撥學(xué)問篇“巧婦難為無米之炊”,在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于閱讀理解高頻詞和長難句的梳理,能夠為我們今后的學(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。敬愛的同學(xué),老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句,快來看看你駕馭了嗎？高頻詞（課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備,以老師提問的形式進行。能夠精確翻譯的為優(yōu),模糊翻譯的良,不會翻譯的為差。）單詞/短語詞性詞義拓展駕馭狀況優(yōu)良差speakup大聲講，暢所欲言onlineadj.在線的getalongwith與…和諧相處disagreev.不同意opp.agreen.disagreementarguev.爭辯，辯論n.argumentrespectfullyadv.尊敬地adj.respectfuldiscussionn.探討v.discusscalmlyadj.冷靜地，安靜的pointout指出，指明patientadj.有耐性的liev.說謊，躺n.謊言avoidv.避開，避開wrongadj.錯誤的opp.righttrustv.信任，信任freedomn.自由adj.free長難句（課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備,以老師提問的形式進行。能夠精確翻譯的為優(yōu),模糊翻譯的良,不會翻譯的為差。）1.Abouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：大約三分之二的孩子們說他們與父母相處的很好。本句中包含著一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作said的賓語，that省略。2.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheyhaveadiscussioncalmly.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：當(dāng)他們與父母看法不一樣的時候，他們說他們進行了冷靜地探討。本句中包含著一個由when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，當(dāng)…的時候。3.Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：孩子們和父母在生命旅程的不同時期的相處是不同的。本句翻譯時要留意中英語序的差別。方法篇“方法得當(dāng),事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累,沒有好方法的協(xié)助也是不夠的。對于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理,能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯,在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上,能夠幫助我們爭取高分。敬愛的同學(xué),老師已經(jīng)為你細心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧,快來看看你駕馭了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，假如遇到未學(xué)或不相識的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據(jù)上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個題目內(nèi)容看明白，這樣又能協(xié)助進一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，詳細做題時就能對號入座，找到文章中準(zhǔn)確表達所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對號入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對號入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計都是依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自上到下依次設(shè)計的，依據(jù)難度先解決簡單的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細致閱讀一遍全文，進一步加深對文章理解，核實所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，推理推斷題，揣測詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進行介紹。題型題型一：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題說明本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細微環(huán)節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解實力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、緣由（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經(jīng)常考察這些細微環(huán)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3.多點歸納，綜合事實找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcutting C.feelawkward D.changetheirtools本題可以運用到解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，閱讀段落，確定關(guān)鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.“假如你是一個習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。假如你感到別扭并不讓人驚異?！?，依據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維實力，即要求學(xué)生依據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設(shè)題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實進行推斷2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷3.依據(jù)作者的意圖和看法進行推斷典題精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運用到解題技巧2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個人物的看法，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為“MeeraSyal說無聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，其次段關(guān)鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得主動，因為他能夠自由思索”，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個人都認為“無聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實力是閱讀理解實力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據(jù)文中語境來推斷。設(shè)題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關(guān)系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義3.通過構(gòu)詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學(xué)問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系揣測詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義閱讀本段，會發(fā)覺本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力的機會”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)當(dāng)與之相反，進一步推想詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)悟和理解實力。設(shè)題方式1.問標(biāo)題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是其次段段落大意，要首先鎖定其次段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明白在過去人們認為運用左手是驚奇的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明白現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講解并描述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的看法上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hangesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故選D。語篇精講語篇精講閱讀問題（抓住題干及選項中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號題干及選項1Accordingtothepoll,howmanykidsgetalongverywellwiththeirparents?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.About4/5. B.About2/3. C.About1/2. D.About2/5.2WhatdoesLynessadvisekidstodowhenargumentshappen?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Listentotheirparentscalmly. B.Trytounderstandtheirparents.C.Voicetheiropinionswithpatience. D.Tellawhitelietoavoidproblems.3AccordingtoLyness,whichisapossiblewayforkidstogetmorefreedom?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Totellthetruth. B.Tocaremoreabouttheirparents.C.Tomakelesstrouble. D.Tohaveatalkwiththeirparents.4Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（推理推斷題）A.Disagreementsbetweenparentsandkidsareavoidable.B.Kidsages12to14liemorebecausetheyhavelessfun.C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsstaysthesame.D.Bothparentsandkidsshouldmakechangestogetonwell.通篇尋讀（通讀文章，依據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點詞，短語或句子，為逐題分析做打算）話題體裁字數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率星級日常生活類說明文3807分鐘__/4★★★KidsSpeakUpInanonlinepoll(投票),TIMEFORKIDSandKidsHealth.orgaskedkidshowtheyaregettingalongwiththeirparents.Here’swhattheytoldus.GettingAlongandHavingFunAbouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.Aboutfouroutoffivetoldustheyhavefunwiththeirparents.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheyneverdisagree.Infact,mostkidsreportedarguingwiththeirparentssometimes.“It’scommontodisagreeandargue,”saysD’ArcyLyness,achildpsychologist(心理學(xué)家).“Butit’salsoimportanttolearnhowtodosorespectfully.”Abouthalfofthekidssaidtheyaredoingthat.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheyhaveadiscussioncalmly.Buttwooutoffivekidssaidargumentsalwaysinvolveshoutingateachother.Lynesspointsoutthatshoutingneverhelps.“Speakup,andletyourparentsknowyourideas,”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised,angryvoice.”Notsurprisingly,threeoutoffourkidsadmitted(承認)tolyingattimes.Manysaidtheylietoavoidgettingintroubleordisappointingtheirparents.AccordingtoLyness,lyingisn’tjustwrong.Itcanactuallygetbadresults.Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou,theyaremorelikelytogiveyoumorefreedom.”shesays.AChangingRelationshipKidsages12to14notonlysaidtheyliemore,buttheyalsoreportedhavinglessfun,feelinglessclose,andnotgettingalongaswellwiththeirparents.AccordingtoLyness,thosefeelingsarenotuncommon.Askidsgrowup,theyhavemoredisagreementsorargumentswiththeirparents.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.“Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife,”shesays.Askidsgrowandchange,itisimportantforeverybodytoadapt(適應(yīng)).“There’sadanceofwaysthatyouactwithothersandgetalong,”shepointsout.“Thenthere’sachange,andit’sadifferentdance.”Changeisnormal,shestresses.Sharethisstorywithyourfamily.Youmayfindthatyouhavealottotalkabout.逐題分析語篇解讀：本文是一篇日常生活類的說明文，主要闡述了孩子成長過程中在與父母相處方面遇到的一些問題及針對這些問題的解決方法。1.Accordingtothepoll,howmanykidsgetalongverywellwiththeirparents?A.About4/5. B.About2/3. C.About1/2. D.About2/5.解析：B.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“依據(jù)這項投票，有多少孩子與父母相處的融洽？”，依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語getalongverywellwith可將答案鎖定在文章其次段中，依據(jù)關(guān)鍵句Abouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.可知答案為大約2/3，故選B。2.WhatdoesLynessadvisekidstodowhenargumentshappen?A.Listentotheirparentscalmly. B.Trytounderstandtheirparents.C.Voicetheiropinionswithpatience. D.Tellawhitelietoavoidproblems.解析：C.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵句whenargumentshappen可將答案鎖定在第4段中，依據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Speakup,andletyourparentsknowyourideas,”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised,angryvoice.”“大聲說出來，讓你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐性一些，不要用一個提高音調(diào)的，生氣的聲音?！?，通過本句可知，在和父母發(fā)生爭辯時，孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)耐性的表達出自己的想法，故選C。3.AccordingtoLyness,whichisapossiblewayforkidstogetmorefreedom?A.Totellthetruth. B.Tocaremoreabouttheirparents.C.Tomakelesstrouble. D.Tohaveatalkwiththeirparents.解析：A.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語getmorefreedom可將答案鎖定在文章第五段中，依據(jù)段中關(guān)鍵句Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou,theyaremorelikelytogiveyoumorefreedom.”shesays.“講出事實能夠鑄造信任?！爱?dāng)父母能夠信任你時，他們可能給你更多自由?！?，故可以推斷要想獲得更多自由，應(yīng)當(dāng)講事實，故選A。4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Disagreementsbetweenparentsandkidsareavoidable.B.Kidsages12to14liemorebecausetheyhavelessfun.C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsstaysthesame.D.Bothparentsandkidsshouldmakechangestogetonwell.解析：D推理推斷題。本題須要逐項解除。A項意為“父母和孩子之間的分歧是可以避開的?！?，依據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“It’scommontodisagreeandargue,”可知“爭吵和分歧是常見的”，所以此項錯誤；B項意為“12到14歲的孩子撒謊更多，因為他們有更少的樂趣?！?，依據(jù)第六段關(guān)鍵句Kidsages12to14notonlysaidtheyliemore,buttheyalsoreportedhavinglessfun,可知撒謊更多與樂趣更少之間不是因果關(guān)系，故此項錯誤；C項意為“父母和孩子之間的關(guān)系保持不變”，依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段關(guān)鍵句“Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife,”可知孩子在不同時期與父母之間的關(guān)系是不同的，故此項解除；D項意為“為了相處融洽，父母和孩子都應(yīng)當(dāng)做出變更?！保罁?jù)最終一段關(guān)鍵句Changeisnormal,shestresses.“變更是正常的”可知此項正確，故選D。精講筆記（學(xué)生在老師的指導(dǎo)下,回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的學(xué)問和方法）語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用（激勵學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句）語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少駕馭2種）細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題1、2、3推理推斷題4詞義揣測題主旨大意題實力提升實力提升基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★單詞/短語詞性詞義speakupadj.在線的getalongwithv.不同意v.爭辯，辯論respectfullyadv.n.探討adj.冷靜地，安靜的pointoutadj.有耐性的v.說謊，躺v.避開，避開wrongadj.v.信任，信任freedomn.二、句子英漢互譯★★1.當(dāng)UFO著陸的時候，他正在購物。_____________________________________________.2.我知道他是一名加拿大運動員。______________________________________________.3.Abouttwooutofthreekidssaidtheygetalongverywellwiththeirparents.______________________________________________.4.Whentheydisagreewiththeirparents,theysaytheyhaveadiscussioncalmly.______________________________________________.5.Kidsandparentsgetalongdifferentlyatdifferenttimesofthejourneyoflife.______________________________________________.閱讀練習(xí)話題體裁字數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率星級廣告布告類說明文3537分鐘__/4★★★Kidsdon’thaveavoice.Theyhavenowaytosharetheirideas.TEDxYouthisalocallyorganizedevent,wherelivetalksandrecordedvideosaresharedwiththecommunity(社區(qū)).TEDxYouthisalwaysheldonChildren’sDayeveryyear.Itbringstogetherbigideasfrom,andforkids.Moreimportantly,itencourageskidstosharetheirideaswiththeworld.“Ageisbutanumber.You’renottooyoungtochangetheworld.Planninganeventalongsideyoungpeoplemakesyourealizethatkidshaveideasthatanadultmightusuallynotthinkof,”saidoneTEDxYouthspeaker.Anotherspeakersaid,“WhatIhavecometorealizeisthatnomatterwhereyouliveorhowoldyouare,everyoneiseagertobesomeonegreat.”O(jiān)rganizingaTEDxYoutheventshowsthatkidsareabletodomuchmorethanwhat’sexpected.Theytrulytakethiseventandmakeitevenmorethanwhateveryonehopesitwillbe.“Thefactthatyouth,justlikeme,hadplannedandruntheeventshockedmemost,”saidonevolunteer.“Ithoughttheeventwassurprising.Icouldn’tbelievethatkidsofmyagemadetheeventhappen.”ThereareseveralwaystotakepartinTEDxYouth.Theeasiestwayistobecomeaspeaker,ifyouthinkyourideaisworthspreading.Anotherwayistoattendanevent.Andlastly,youcanbecomeaTEDxYouthReporter.Reporterstakepicturesfromtheeventandpostthemonline,andsendnewsaboutwhatishappeningatevent,interviewsomeofthespeakers,andwritearticlesabouttheevent.“Itwaswonderfultoseehowyouthteammemberswerewiththewholeeventandhowthankfultheywere(andstillare!)tobegivensuchanunbelievablechanceasbeingpartofaTEDxevent,”saidanorganizer.TEDxYouthiswelcomingkidsfromeveryculturewhowanttohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheworld.Thosewhogetinvolvedwithitbelieveinthepowerofideas,whichcanchangeattitudes,livesandtheworld.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofholdingaTEDxYouthevent?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Togivekidsachancetorecordvideos. B.Tospreadkids’ideasallovertheworldC.Toraisemoneyforthelocalcommunity D.Tohelpkidswiththeirschoolwork2.Whatdidavolunteerthinkoftheevent?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Quitetypical B.PrettycrazyC.Ratherdifficult D.Surprisinggood3.Oneofareporter’sjobsisto____.（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.giveatalk B.dosomeinterviewsC.plananevent D.organizesomeactivities4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?（主旨大意題）A.WhenIsTEDxYouthHeld? B.WhycanKidsRealizeTheirDreams?C.HowCanKidsShareBigIdeas? D.WhatChangesCanTEDxYouthBringUs?參考答案基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯單詞/短語詞性詞義speakup大聲講，暢所欲言onlineadj.在線的getalongwith與…和諧相處disagreev.不同意arguev.爭辯，辯論respectfullyadv.尊敬地discussionn.探討calmlyadj.冷靜地，安靜的pointout指出，指明patientadj.有耐性的liev.說謊，躺avoidv.避開，避開wrongadj.錯誤的trustv.信任，信任freedomn.自由二、句子英漢互譯。1.HewasshoppingwhentheUFOlanded.2.Iknow(that)heisaCanadianathlete.3.大約三分之二的孩子們說他們與父母相處的很好。4.當(dāng)他們與父母看法不一樣的時候，他們說他們進行了冷靜地探討。5.孩子們和父母在生命旅程的不同時期的相處是不同的。閱讀練習(xí)1.B2.D3.B4.CD篇名師點撥名師點撥學(xué)問篇高頻詞單詞/短語詞性詞義拓展駕馭狀況優(yōu)良差insteadadv.代替，反而，相反limitedadj.有限的limitv.限制，限定adventuren.冒險explorev.探究，探險suitv.適合，使…適應(yīng)accordingto依據(jù)，依據(jù)putoff推遲nearbyadj.旁邊的pullaway（火車等）起先行駛funnyadj.好玩的，好笑的definitelyadv.當(dāng)然，確定的pleasev.使興奮，使?jié)M足practicaladj.實際的，好用的incase以防，萬一sickadj.生病的長難句1.Instead,theywalkaroundwithbackpacksfilledwitheverythingtheyneed,readytosleepunderthestarsifnecessary.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：相反，他們背著裝著他們所須要的必需品的雙肩背包四處走走，假如有必要的話打算好了在戶外睡覺。本句中短語filledwitheverythingtheyneed為過去分詞短語作定語，修飾backpacks，表示被動，雙肩背包被裝滿…。2.Withtheirlimitedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：考慮到他們有限的預(yù)算，他們須要依據(jù)一個原則來選擇住宿和交通——價格越低，越好。本句包含初中階段重點句型“the+比較級，the+比較級”，意為“越…，越…”，本句型也可以用在寫作中。3.Travellingwithfriendshelpsyoulearnaboutgettingonwithpeopleandworkingtogether.（優(yōu)良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：和摯友一起旅行能夠幫助你學(xué)習(xí)與人相處和團隊合作。本句型中的travellingwithfriends為動名詞短語做主語。方法篇“方法得當(dāng),事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累,沒有好方法的協(xié)助也是不夠的。對于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理,能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯,在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上,能夠幫助我們爭取高分。敬愛的同學(xué),老師已經(jīng)為你細心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧,快來看看你駕馭了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，假如遇到未學(xué)或不相識的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據(jù)上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個題目內(nèi)容看明白，這樣又能協(xié)助進一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，詳細做題時就能對號入座，找到文章中準(zhǔn)確表達所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對號入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對號入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計都是依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自上到下依次設(shè)計的，依據(jù)難度先解決簡單的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細致閱讀一遍全文，進一步加深對文章理解，核實所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，推理推斷題，揣測詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進行介紹。題型題型一：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題說明本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細微環(huán)節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解實力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、緣由（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經(jīng)?？疾爝@些細微環(huán)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3.多點歸納，綜合事實找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcutting C.feelawkward D.changetheirtools本題可以運用到解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案閱讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，閱讀段落，確定關(guān)鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.“假如你是一個習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。假如你感到別扭并不讓人驚異?！保罁?jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維實力，即要求學(xué)生依據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設(shè)題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實進行推斷2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷3.依據(jù)作者的意圖和看法進行推斷典題精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運用到解題技巧2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個人物的看法，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為“MeeraSyal說無聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，其次段關(guān)鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得主動，因為他能夠自由思索”，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個人都認為“無聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實力是閱讀理解實力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據(jù)文中語境來推斷。設(shè)題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關(guān)系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義3.通過構(gòu)詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學(xué)問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系揣測詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測詞義閱讀本段，會發(fā)覺本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)建力的機會”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)當(dāng)與之相反，進一步推想詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)悟和理解實力。設(shè)題方式1.問標(biāo)題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.閱讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是其次段段落大意，要首先鎖定其次段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明白在過去人們認為運用左手是驚奇的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明白現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講解并描述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的看法上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hangesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故選D。語篇精講語篇精講閱讀問題（抓住題干及選項中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號題干及選項1Whatdobackpackersusuallydo?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Stayinpriceyhotels. B.Facealotofdangers.C.Spendmuchmoney. D.Choosecheaptransport.2WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBettyistrue?（細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題）A.Bettypreferredtravellingwithherfamilyonholidays.B.Thefriendshipimprovedasaresultoftheiradventures.C.OnlyhalfofBetty’sgroupcaughtthetraintoAuckland.D.BettytouredNewZealandwithbackpackersshemetthere.3What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?（主旨大意題）A.Togiveussomeadviceonbackpacking.B.TotellusaboutBetty’stravellingstory.C.Tointroduceahottravelstyle,backpacking.D.Toencourageustotravelwithlessmoney.通篇尋讀話題體裁字數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率星級日常生活類說明文4557分鐘__/3★★★★Travellingwithyourbelongsonyourback,orbackpackingisself-plannedbudget(預(yù)算)touringusinglow-costtransport,andoftengoingonfoot.Backpackersdon’tcarrysuitcasesorstayinpriceyhotels.Instead,theywalkaroundwithbackpacksfilledwitheverythingtheyneed,readytosleepunderthestarsifnecessary.Withtheirlimitedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter.Thelure(吸引力)ofadventurehasmadebackpackingapopulartravelstyleamongyoungpeopleandstudentswhoareseldomownersoffatwallets.Theypreferexploringaplacebythemselves,withonlyaprintedmap,orasmartphoneonhand.“Apackagetourmaysuitafamily’sneeds,butit’snotmycupoftea,”saysBettyLam,whowentbackpackinginNewZealandwiththreefriendslastsummer.“Iwanttoexploreaplaceaccordingtomychoice,mytimetableandmyself.”Werethereanyparticularlymemorableeventsonthetrip?“Once,thetraintoAucklandwasputoffandtwoofourgroupwerehungry,sotheylefttheirbackpackswithusandwenttoanearbyshoptobuysomethingtoeat.IstillrememberthescenewithTammyandmerunningflatouttocatchthetrain,carryingfourhugebackpacks.Theothertwowereracingbehindusasthey’dpanickedwhentheysawthetraingettingreadytopullawayfromthestation.IheldthetraindooropenwhileTammywasshouting.“Quick—jumpin!”SusiecameinheadfirstwithJunelandingonthetopofherlikeasackofpotatoes!Itwassofunny!”Sowasthetripworthalltheeffort?“Definitely.True,wehadafewquarrels(爭吵);wehavedifferentinterests,anditwasn’teasytopleaseeverybody.Butwemanagedtoreachacompromise(妥協(xié))everytime.Travellingwithfriendshelpsyoulearnaboutgettingonwithpeopleandworkingtogether.Allofushadgainedalotbytheendoftheholiday—thefourofushadbecomereallygoodbuddies.”Whatshouldbackpackersalwayscarrywiththem?Bettylaughs—“nottoomuch!Comfortablewalkingshoesareimportant.Araincoatisnecessaryandbringsomepracticalclothes.”So,isthateverythingtobearinmind?“Well,yesandno,becauseyoucan’tprepareenough.Youneedmuchinformationaboutwhereyou’regoingtostay,transport,food,etc.Mostimportantly,youmusthaveinsurance(保險)—justincaseyourmoney,passportorbackpackgetstolen,oryougetsick.Taketimeplanningandyou’llhavefunsafely.”逐題分析語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的說明文，主要介紹了背包旅行這種旅行方式，它的優(yōu)點及留意事項。1.Whatdobackpackersusuallydo?A.Stayinpriceyhotels. B.Facealotofdangers.C.Spendmuchmoney. D.Choosecheaptransport.解析：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“背包旅行者通常做什么？”，A意為“住在價格昂貴的旅館里”，依據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句Backpackersdon’tcarrysuitcasesorstayinpriceyhotels.可知他們不住在價格昂貴的旅館里，故錯誤；B意為“面對著許多危急”，本項文章沒有提到，故錯誤；C意為“花費許多錢”，依據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句Withtheirlimitedbudget,theyneedtochooselodgings(住宿)andtransportbasedonanoldsaying—thelowertheprice,thebetter.可知他們的預(yù)算有限，所以此項錯誤；D意為“選擇便宜的交通方式”，同樣是依據(jù)第一段最終一句thelowertheprice,thebetter可以判定此項正確，故選D。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBettyistrue?A.Bettypreferredtravellingwithherfamilyonholi