2025年陜西人教版八年級英語下冊期末學(xué)情評估_第1頁
2025年陜西人教版八年級英語下冊期末學(xué)情評估_第2頁
2025年陜西人教版八年級英語下冊期末學(xué)情評估_第3頁
2025年陜西人教版八年級英語下冊期末學(xué)情評估_第4頁
2025年陜西人教版八年級英語下冊期末學(xué)情評估_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩11頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

第二學(xué)期期末學(xué)情評估

第一部分(聽力共30分)

I.聽選答案(共15小題,計(jì)20分)

第一節(jié):聽下面10段對話,每段對話后有一個問題,讀兩遍。請根據(jù)每段對

話的內(nèi)容和后面的問題,從所給的三個選項(xiàng)中選出問題的正確答案。(共10小題,

計(jì)10分)

()1.A.Doingthedishes.B.Cooking.C.Shopping.

()2.A.Inthenortheast.B.Inthesoutheast.C.Inthenorthwest.

()3.A.Herfriends.B.Hercousins.C.Herclassmates.

()4.A.Outgoing.B.Quiet.C.Strict.

()5.A.Shellkeeptheradio.B.Shellthrowawaytheradio.

C.ShellgivetheradiotoEric.

()6.A.Shemustfinishherhomework.B.Shemustcleanherroom.

C.Shemustdosomehousework.

()7.A.Toaschool.B.Toahospital.C.Toagarden.

()8.A.About5kilos.B.About500kilos.C.About150kilos.

()9.A.Oneday.B.Twodays.C.Threedays.

()10.A.Tothemuseum.B.Toabusstop.C.Tothelibrary.

第二節(jié):聽下面兩段材料,每段材料后有幾道小題,請根據(jù)材料的內(nèi)容,

從題目所給的三個選項(xiàng)中選出問題的正確答案。每段材料讀兩遍。(共5小題,

計(jì)10分)

聽第1段材料,回答第11、12小題。

()11.WhodidLiHuagotoBeijingwith?

A.Hisclassmates.B.Hisfriends.C.Hisparents.

()12.Howmanyplacesdidtheyvisit?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.

聽第2段材料,回答第13至15小題。

()13.WhendidLilyhearfromMike?

A.LastTuesday.B.LastWednesday.

C.LastThursday.

)14.WhatwillMikedo?

A.HellgivePaulasurprise.B.Hellgoshopping.

C.HellwritetoPaul.

()15.Howwilltheweatherbeintheafternoon?

A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.

II.聽填信息(共5小題,計(jì)10分)

本題你將聽到一段獨(dú)白,讀兩遍。請根據(jù)獨(dú)白內(nèi)容,用所聽到的信息完成下列

各題。每空不超過三個單詞。

16.AliceworksataCDstoreevery.

17.Alicecanenjoymusicandbyworkingat

thestore.

18.Maryworksinthecitylibraryaweek.

19.AlthoughMarycan'tgetmuchmoney,shecanreadsomanybookstherefor

20.Tomworksatalocalschoolattheweekend.

第二部分(筆試共90分)

in.完形填空(共20小題,計(jì)20分)

第一節(jié):閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,從各

小題的四個選項(xiàng)中選出一個最佳答案,使短文連貫完整。

Mr.Leegavehisstudentsalessonaboutstressmanagement(壓力管理).He

21aglassofwater.Thenheasked22toguesstheweightofthisglassof

water.

Thestudentsbegantoguess.Their23weredifferent,from20gto500g.

“Itdoesnotmatterontherealweight.ltdepends24howlongyouholdit.IfI

holditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditfor25hour,Iwillhaveanacheinmy

rightarm.ltistheexactsameweight,butthelongerIholdit,the26it

becomes.Sowehavetoputtheglassdownandrestforawhilebeforeholdingitup

again."

“Ifwecarryourburdens(負(fù)擔(dān))allthetime,wewon'tbeabletocarryon.The

burden27heavierandheavier.Wehavetoputdowntheburdenifwecan,“

Mr.Leeadded.

So28youreturnhomefromworktonight,puttheburdenofwork

down.Don'tcarryitbackhome.Youcanpickituptomorrow.Wehavefacedburdens

andstressevensincewe29young.Letyourburdensdownforamomentifyou

can.Andlearn30yourselves.Lifeisshortbutwonderful.Enioyit!

()21.A.willraiseB?raisedC.raises

D.israising

()22.A.theyB.theirC?themD.theirs

()23.A.questionB.questionsC.answer

D.answers

()24.A.onB.atC.toD.in

()25.A.aB.anC.theD./

()26.A.tallB.tallerC?heavyD-heavier

()27.A.becomeB.becomesC.becameD.willbecome

()28.A.becauseB.sinceC-beforeD.until

()29.A.isB.wasC.areD.were

()30.A.relaxB.torelaxC?protectD.toprotect

-H-

弟一P:閱讀下面短文,理解大意,然后從各小題的四個選項(xiàng)中選出一個最

佳答案。

Threeyearsago,Iworkedinacompanyasasecretary(秘書)andsomeonegave

mearoseeveryMonday.I31theroseandlikeditverymuch.OneFriday,

however,asIwasleavingtheoffice,ayoungboystoppedmeandsaid,“Madam,

whatareyougoingtodowithyourflower?”AtfirstIdidnotknowwhathewas

talkingabout,butthenI32.Theboysaid,“Iwouldliketotakeit33youare

justgoingtothrowitaway."AtthispointIsmiledandtoldhimthathecouldhavemy

flower.

Iaskedhimwhathewasgoingtodowithit.Theyoungboylookedupatmeand

said,"Madam,Pmgoingtogiveittomy34.Mymotherandfatherdiedina

trafficaccidentthree35ago.Ihavelivedwithmygrandmasincethen.My

grandmaisso36tome.Thoughsheisold,shecooksformeand37

me.Tomorrowisherbirthday.!wanttogivethatprettyflowertoherforherlovingme

thesethreeyears.99

Whenthelittleboyfinished,Icould38speak.Withtheflowerinmyhand,I

lookedattheboyandsaid,"Boy,thatisthenicestthingIhaveever39butyou

can'thavethisflowerbecauseit'snotenough.Iwillbuyabigbouquet(束)of40

foryourgrandma.^^

()31.A.lentB.brokeC.enjoyedD.hated

()32.A.understoodB.passedC.allowedD-explained

()33.A.unlessB.ifC?untilD.though

()34.A.grandpaB.grandmaC?mother

D.father

()35.A.hoursB.minutesC.daysD?years

()36.A.crazyB.nervousC.strangeD.good

()37.A.getsoffB.givesoutC.takescareofD.callsup

()38.A.certainlyB.quicklyC-hardly

D.slowly

()39.A.heardB.talkedC.spokenD.hid

()40.A.flowersB.treesC?animalsD.plants

W.閱讀理解(共15小題,計(jì)20分)

第一節(jié):閱讀下面A、B、C三篇材料,從所給的四個選項(xiàng)中選出能回答問題

或完成所給句子的一個最佳答案。(共10小題,計(jì)15分)

A

https:II!lost!providesafreeandeasywaytosearchforlostandfound

petstohelpthemreturnhome.

"一■'

fiA

FoundCat!

MissingDog!

Thedog:Thisbrownmalecat:

?is6monthsold;female;?lookswellfed;

(續(xù)表)

?answerstothenameofSnow;

?hasacleancoat(皮毛),andclean

?hasnoIDcard;

claws(爪子);

?doesnotbite;

?hasnoIDcard;

?likestobeclosetopeople.Shewaslostin

?isafraidofstrangersandloudnoises.

CentralParkneartheBlueLakeCafeat4

HewasfoundonLongStreetonJune8,

p.m.onJune6,2024.

2O24.Ifyouknowhisowner,pleasecall

Ifyouhaveanyinformation,pleasecall

theSunnyAnimalHelpera

Dateposted:June11,2024

¥1,000rewardforsafereturn!

)41.Whatisthemissingdoglike?

A.Friendly.B.Shy.C.Lazy.D.Scary.

()42.Whenwasthecatfound?

A.OnJune4,2024.B.OnJune6,2024.C.OnJune8,2024.D.On

June11,2024.

()43.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoureadthepassage?

A.Sports.B.Business.C.Education.D.Life.

BC.德苧禪?語克

①ASpringMorning

ThismorningofspringinbedI'mlying,

NotwokeuptillIheardbirdscrying.

Afteronenightofwindandshowers,

Howmanyarethefallenflowers!

②Doyouoftenfeelsleepyinspring?Don'tworry.Youarenotalone.Thefeeling

iscalled“springfever(春困)Itmaybecausedbywarmerweather.Butitcanbring

manyillnesses.Howcanweavoidit?Hereissomeadvice.

③Tokeepawake,weshouldeatmorevegetablesandfruit.Theyarehelpfulin

keepinghealthy.

④Makesurefreshairflowsinyourofficeandbedroom.Badairisbadfor

us.Also,beclosetonaturetogetmorefreshair.

⑤Trytohaveacupofwaternexttoyou.Drinkingenoughwatercanhelptofight

springfever.

?Eighthoursofsleepisusuallyenoughforpeople.Toomuchsleepmayreduce

(減少)activityinourbrain.Soweshouldkeeppropersleepingtime.

()44.豳麥域.:.天溫亥綜Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Byusingnumbers.B.Bytellingastory.

C.Bylistingreasons.D.Bygivingapoem(詩).

()45.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?

A.Vegetablesandfruitarehelpful.

B?Beingawayfromnatureisgoodforus.

C.Moresleepcandriveawayspringfever.

D.Drinkingtoomuchwatercankeepusawake.

()46.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?

A.SpringMorning.B.SleepingTime.C.SpringFever.D.Spring

Illness.

)47.新考盛6篇章結(jié)構(gòu)Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))

ofthepassage?

C;新素材.。學(xué)校開設(shè)人工智能碌群

“Turnleft!Turnright!Goforward!”Intheinformationtechnology(IT)class,

Leo,astudentfromBeijing101MiddleSchooliscontrollingarobottomove

around.Infact,itisadailyscene(場景)oftheartificialintelligence(AI)classinhis

school.

TheschoolprovidesAIclassestobothjuniorandseniorhighschool

students/'ThisyearinourITclass,wehavelearnedcoding(編程)througha

programminglanguagecalledPython,“saidLeo.UsingPythontocodeisabasicskill

fortrainingAImodels.Pythonhasbeentestedinhighschoolexamsinplaceslike

BeijingandJiangsu.

Inrecentyears,AIeducationinschoolshasbecomeagrowingtrend(趨

勢).▲In2020,ZhejiangaddedAIeducationintotextbooksfromGrade5in

primaryschoolallthewaytoseniorhigh.InthecityofWenzhou,thegovernmentis

planningtobuild1,000AIexperimentalschoolsby2025.

“Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,ourtextbookshavebeenchangingallthe

time,“saidShangYin,anITteacherfromBeijing101MiddleSchool/Tromtyping

tousingWordandthentoday'scodingandAI,thecoursesarekeepingupwiththe

timesandteachingstudentssomenecessaryskills.Inthefuture,therewillbemore

jobswhereAIknowledgeisneeded.Evenindailylife,peoplemayneedtounderstand

thingslikeChatGPT.AIeducationwillbecomemoreandmoreimportant,“Shang

added.

()48.ThewriterdescribedthedailysceneofITclassinParagraphOneto.

A.leadintothetopicaboutAIeducation

B.introduceBeijing101MiddleSchool

C.teachreadershowtolearnAIcourses

D.showLeo'sskillofcontrollingtherobot

()49..百子還蜃Whichonecanprobablybeputintothe▲?

A.ZhejiangProvinceisatypicalexample.

B?BeijingdidthebestinAIeducation.

C.ParentsinZhejiangareagainstAIcourses.

D.StudentsinJiangsumusthavePythontests.

()50.Accordingtothepassage,ShangYinmayagreethat.

A.AItextbookswillneverchangeinthefuture

B.AIknowledgewillbelessimportantinthefuture

C-peoplewithAIknowledgewillhavenojobstodo

D.ChatGPTwillcomeintodailylifeinthefuture

第二節(jié):根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選

項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(共5小題,計(jì)5分)

TheYangkodance(秧歌)isalsocalledthetwistingYangkodance.51.

It'susuallyperformedintheNorthofChina.PeopleoftendotheYangkodanceduring

theSpringFestivalorspecialcelebrations.

TheYangkodancewascreatedbyfarmersintheSongDynasty.52.

Yearafteryear,theYangkodancegotfullydeveloped.TilltheQingDynasty,the

Yangkodancebecamepopulareverywhere.

53.TotelldifferentkindsofYangkodances,thenameoftheareaor

thefeature(特點(diǎn))ofthedanceisoftenaddedahead.Herearesomeexamples:the

DrumYangkodanceinShandongProvince,andtheShaanbeiYangkodancein

ShaanbeiArea.

TherearethreetypesofperformancesintheChineseYangkodance:the

song-and-danceduets(二重奏),YangkoperformedonthegroundandYangko

performedonstilts.Andtheinstruments(樂器)peopleusearesimpleandeasyto

carry.54.Yangkodancersusuallywearbrightandcolorfulclothes,and

theiractionsarelivelyandquick.

TheYangkodanceismorethanakindofperformingartinChina.55.

PeopleliketoorganizeYangkodancecompetitionsintheirdailylifetorelax

themselves.

A.Yangkomakesthemhappy.

B.It'satraditionalChinesedance.

C.Yangkodancesaredifferentindifferentareas.

D-Theseinstrumentsincludethesuona,thedrum,theerhuandthezhuban.

E.Theycreateditwhileworkinginthericefield.

F.ManyChinesepeoplealsotakeitasanimportantwayofrelaxing.

G.Manyforeignersalsotakeitasanimportantwayofrelaxing.

V.完成句子:根據(jù)所給漢語意思,用單詞或短語完成下列英文句子。(共5小題,

計(jì)10分)

56.說實(shí)在的,你是一位非常好的老師。,youareavery

goodteacher.

57.他昨天買了幾本新書。Heboughtaofnewbooks

yesterday.

58.她一到那所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校,就喜歡上了它。

Assoonasshegottothevillageschool,she

withit.

59.自那以來,李華習(xí)慣了用英語和他人交談。

Eversincethen,LiHuahaswithothersin

English.

60.人類已經(jīng)意識到與動物和諧相處是多么重要了。

Humanshavealreadyrealizedhowimportantitisto

___________________________animals.

VI.短文填空:用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,使短文完整正確。(每個單詞

限用一次,每空限填一個單詞。)(共10小題,計(jì)10分)

minutepreparemothersurprisegivesuddenbeshekindhave

Oneday,Suearguedwithhermother.Shelefthomewithoutsayingawordand

withoutanymoney.

Whenshesawanoodleshop,she61.felthungry.Theshopownersaw

herandaskedherifshewouldlikeabowlofnoodles.Shenodded(點(diǎn)頭)butthenshe

saidthatshedidn'thavemoney.

“Don'tworry.Iwilltreat(招待)you,9,theshopownersaid.Afew62.

later,hebroughtherabowlofnoodles.Suecried.“What'swrong?”theshopowner

asked.“Thanksforyour63..Ijustthinkthatevenastrangercan64.

meabowlofnoodles,butmymotheroftenargueswithme."

“Girl,whydoyouthinkso?Ijustgaveyousomenoodles.Yourmother65.

raisedyousinceyouwerebom.Whydon'tyouthankher?”

Suewas66.afterhearingthat.Onthewayhome,Suethoughtit

over.Shestoppedinfrontofthedoor.Shesawthathermotherwas67.

dinnerinthekitchen.Shecouldevenseeher68.whitehair.Whenher

mothersawSuecomebackhome,she69.excited.taAreyouhungry?Iam

cookingdinner.Cometoeatafterawhile."

Suecouldn'tcontrol70..Shecriedandhugged(擁抱)hermother.

viL通嗦就三26漏選連基棟]任務(wù)型閱讀:閱讀下面的短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,

完成下列各題。(共5小題,計(jì)10分)

浜浜妮妮

“DreamofWinter,LoveamongAsia”,ashorttrackspeed(短道速滑)skater

andtwotigers...Theslogan,theemblem(會徽)andmascotsforthe9thAsianWinter

Gamesfinallycameout.Goodnews!ThegameswillbeheldinHarbin,Heilongjiang

in2025.

TheemblemlooksliketheChinesecharacter"九Thatmeansthe9thAsian

WinterGames.ltalsolooksliketheChinesecharacter"合"?ItdescribesChinese

people'swishtogettogetherwithfriendsfromotherAsiancountries.ltalsoshowsthe

beautyofChinesecharacterstotheworld.

Intheemblem,theshorttrackspeedskaterrepresents(代表)thesportsspiritof

theplayersacrossAsia.Thelilac(丁香花),theflowerofHarbin,symbolizesHarbin's

citycultureofwarm-heartedness(熱AndtheredsunrepresentsthewishofAsian

countriestogoafterprogressandpeace.Theemblemallowspeopletoeasilyseethe

timeandplaceofthesportsevent.

Theideaofthetwomascots,BinbinandNini,camefromtwolovelySiberian(西

伯利亞的)tigercubs(幼獸)borninHarbininSeptember2023.Theword"bin"ispart

ofthenameofthecity,Harbin,and"ni"soundslike“you”inChinese.Thetwonames

showthemeaningofthewords"Harbinwelcomesyou,9.

Besides,Binbinisamascotrepresentingicesports.ltisskatinghappily,wearing

wintersportswearandiceskates.Ninionasnowboardrepresentssnowsports.ltwears

atraditionalChineseredjacket.Theyaresocute,aren'tthey?

71.Whatisthesloganforthe9thAsianWinterGames?

Ifs“________________________________________________

72.Whenwillthe9thAsianWinterGamestakeplace?

The9thAsianWinterGameswilltakeplace

73.HowmanyChinesecharactersdoestheemblemlooklike?

ItlookslikeChinese

characters.

74.Accordingtothesymbolizationofthelilac,whatarepeoplefromHarbinlike?

Theyare.

75.Doyoulike"Binbin"and"Nini"?Whyorwhynot?

,because.

vm.補(bǔ)全對話(共5小題,計(jì)5分)

根據(jù)下面對話中的情境,在每個空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z句,使對話恢復(fù)完整。

A:Hi,Jessica.Youlooktired.76.?

B:Istayeduplatelastnight.

A:Whatdidyoudo?

B:77..Youknow,wehaveanEnglish

testtoday.FmafraidofitbecauseI'mnotgoodatEnglish.

A:Don'tworry.Theteachersaysitwon'tbetoodifficult.

B:78.?

A:Sure.Youcanreviewthepassagesinthetextbookandcorrectthemistakesinyour

homework.

B:ButIalwayshavealotofproblemstocorrect.

A:79..Ourteacherisfriendlyandready

tohelpyou.

B:OK.Iwillfollowyouradvice.Thankyou.

A:80..

IX.書面表達(dá)(共1題,計(jì)15分)

針對目前青少年讀書少的現(xiàn)象,你校準(zhǔn)備開展“好書伴我成長”活動。請你根

據(jù)以下提示,用英語寫一篇倡議書,旨在提高學(xué)生們的讀書意識。

提示:L讀書的意義;2.目前的狀況;3.發(fā)出倡議。

要求:不少于70詞。(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。)

Mydearfriends,

Readingisveryimportantinourlife.

Let'sstartreadingnow!

參考答案

I.第一節(jié)

1.M:Doyouoftendothedishesathome,Kate?

W:No.Idon'tthinkit'sinteresting.ButIliketocookformyfamily.

Q:WhatdoesKatelikedoing?

2.M:Whereisthetallestbuildinginyourcity?Iwanttotakephotosofit.

W:Inthenortheastofthecity.Icandriveyoutherethisafternoon.

Q:Whereisthetallestbuildinginthecity?

3.M:Hey,Sally!Haveyoueverbeentoanoldpeople'shome?

W:Yes,Ihave.IvolunteeredtogotherewithmyclassmateswhenIwasinGrade

7.

Q:WhodidSallygotoanoldpeople'shomewith?

4.M:WhodoyouthinkBobtakesafter,hisfatherorhismother?

W:Hisfather.Becausetheyarebothoutgoing.Hismotherisstrictandquiet.

Q:WhatdoesthegirlthinkofBob'sfather?

5.M:Gina,lookatthisradio.Ifstooold.Pleasethrowitaway.

W:Don'tsaythat,Eric.Myfatherhashaditsincehewasachild.

Q:Whatdoesthegirlmean?

6.W:CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends,Dad?

M:Sure,butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.

Q:Whatmustthegirldofirst?

7.W:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow,Tom?

M:I'mgoingtoahospitaltohelpthechildrentherelearntoread.

Q:WhereisTomgoing?

8.W:Whatdoyouthinkthebiggestanimalonlandis?

M:Theelephant.Anditcaneatabout150kilosoffoodaday.

Q:Howmuchfoodcantheelephanteataday?

9.W:IhavejustspentthreedaysreadingabookcalledAliceinWonderland.Ksso

wonderful.Haveyoueverreadit?

M:Yes.Itsinteresting.

Q:Howlonghasthegirlspentonthebook?

10.W:Iwasridingmybiketothelibrarywhentherainstormcameyesterday.What

wereyoudoingthen?

M:IwasatabusstopandIwasplanningtotakeabustothemuseum.

Q:Wherewasthegirlgoingwhentherainstormcame?

弟一P

Text1

I'mLiHua.LastsummerholidayIwenttoBeijingwithmyparents.We

wenttherebyhigh-speedtrain.Ittookusaboutseventeenhourstogetthere.We

visitedtheSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseumandtheGreatWall.TheGreat

Wallisthelongestwallintheworld.WehadafantastictimeinBeijing.Wehope

togothereagain.

Text2

M:Ididn'thearfromMikelastweek.Howaboutyou,Lily?

W:Oh,IheardfromhimlastWednesday.

M:Whatdidhesayintheletter?

W:HesaidhehadfuninXi'an,China.HisChineseimprovedalot.

M:Didhesaywhyhedidn'twritetome?

W:No,heonlysaidhewouldreturntoLondoninaweekandwouldgiveyoua

surprise.

M:Isee.rilgotothesupermarkettogethisfavoritebeefsand

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論