ICS03.120.10

CCSA00

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T19027—2025/ISO10017:2021

代替GB/Z19027—2005

質(zhì)量管理GB/T19001—2016的統(tǒng)計(jì)

技術(shù)指南

Qualitymanagement—

GuidanceonstatisticaltechniquesforGB/T19001—2016

（ISO10017：2021，IDT）

2025?05?30發(fā)布2025?05?30實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)發(fā)布

GB/T19027—2025/ISO10017:2021

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································1

4GB/T19001實(shí)施中的統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)····················································································1

5GB/T19001—2016中的定量數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)····························································2

6選定統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)的適用性·······························································································8

7統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)說明···········································································································8

7.1描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)········································································································8

7.1.1一般說明······································································································8

7.1.2益處··········································································································10

7.1.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································10

7.1.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································11

7.2實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)··········································································································11

7.2.1一般說明····································································································11

7.2.2益處··········································································································11

7.2.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································11

7.2.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································12

7.3假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)··········································································································12

7.3.1一般說明····································································································12

7.3.2益處··········································································································12

7.3.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································12

7.3.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································12

7.4測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析····································································································13

7.4.1一般說明····································································································13

7.4.2益處··········································································································13

7.4.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································13

7.4.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································13

7.5過程能力分析····································································································14

7.5.1一般說明····································································································14

7.5.2益處··········································································································14

7.5.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································14

Ⅰ

GB/T19027—2025/ISO10017:2021

7.5.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································15

7.6回歸分析··········································································································15

7.6.1一般說明····································································································15

7.6.2益處··········································································································16

7.6.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································16

7.6.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································16

7.7可靠性分析·······································································································16

7.7.1一般說明····································································································16

7.7.2益處··········································································································17

7.7.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································17

7.7.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································17

7.8抽樣················································································································18

7.8.1一般說明····································································································18

7.8.2益處··········································································································18

7.8.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································18

7.8.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································18

7.9模擬················································································································19

7.9.1一般說明····································································································19

7.9.2益處··········································································································19

7.9.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)························································································19

7.9.4應(yīng)用示例····································································································19

7.10統(tǒng)計(jì)過程控制··································································································19

7.10.1一般說明···································································································19

7.10.2益處·········································································································20

7.10.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)·······················································································20

7.10.4應(yīng)用示例···································································································21

7.11統(tǒng)計(jì)容差法·····································································································21

7.11.1一般說明···································································································21

7.11.2益處·········································································································21

7.11.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)·······················································································21

7.11.4應(yīng)用示例···································································································22

7.12時(shí)間序列分析··································································································22

7.12.1一般說明···································································································22

7.12.2益處·········································································································23

7.12.3局限性與注意事項(xiàng)·······················································································23

7.12.4應(yīng)用示例···································································································23

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································24

Ⅱ

GB/T19027—2025/ISO10017:2021

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件代替GB/Z19027—2005《GB/T19001—2000的統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)指南》，與GB/Z19027—2005相

比，除結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和編輯性改動(dòng)外，主要技術(shù)變化如下：

——更改了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用范圍（見第1章，2005年版的第1章）；

——增加了術(shù)語和定義（見第3章）；

——更改了在GB/T19001—2016各條款的相關(guān)活動(dòng)中可能會(huì)涉及的定量數(shù)據(jù)（見表1，2005年

版表1）；

——更改了選定統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)的適用性說明（見第6章，2005年版的第4章）；

——更改了每種統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)的相關(guān)技術(shù)要求（見第7章，2005年版的第4章）。

本文件等同采用ISO10017:2021《質(zhì)量管理ISO9001:2015的統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)指南》。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由全國(guó)質(zhì)量管理和質(zhì)量保證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC151）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院、上海市質(zhì)量協(xié)會(huì)、北新集團(tuán)建材股份有限公司、海信集團(tuán)控

股股份有限公司、濰柴動(dòng)力股份有限公司、揚(yáng)子江藥業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司、山東景陽岡酒廠有限公司、華夏

認(rèn)證中心有限公司、北京軍友誠(chéng)信檢測(cè)認(rèn)證有限公司、中創(chuàng)新海（天津）認(rèn)證服務(wù)有限公司、電能（北京）

認(rèn)證中心有限公司、中聯(lián)認(rèn)證中心（北京）有限公司、江西省質(zhì)量和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院、云賬戶技術(shù)（天津）

有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：段琦、劉中華、高峰、郭建軍、趙傳新、石二奎、冀潤(rùn)景、殷紅、虞積安、尹慧瓊、

周育清、叢德政、周學(xué)禮、楊暉、亢國(guó)存、張婧姝。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

——2001年首次發(fā)布為GB/Z19027—2001，2005年第一次修訂；

——本次為第二次修訂。

Ⅲ

GB/T19027—2025/ISO10017:2021

引言

眾所周知，在所有過程與活動(dòng)的執(zhí)行實(shí)施和結(jié)果中都存在著固有的變異，甚至在明顯穩(wěn)定的狀況

下也是如此。在產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期、過程的可量化特性以及最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中，都能觀察到變異。

統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)有助于變異的測(cè)量、描述、分析、解釋和建模（無論是處理相對(duì)有限的數(shù)據(jù)還是大型數(shù)據(jù)

集）。對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析能更好地理解變異的性質(zhì)、程度和原因，從而幫助解決甚至預(yù)防由這些變異可

能引發(fā)的問題，并降低由這些變異可能帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

使用統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)分析數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助做出決策，因而有助于提高過程和最終輸出的績(jī)效。統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)適

用于各行各業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)，具有潛在的有益結(jié)果。

確定統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)需求的準(zhǔn)則以及所選擇的統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)是否適宜，由組織做出最終決定。

本文件旨在幫助組織根據(jù)GB/T19001—2016所定義的質(zhì)量管理體系要素，識(shí)別統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)。應(yīng)用

這些統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)能在質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)力和成本方面產(chǎn)生一定的收益。

本文件也可用于支持其他管理體系（如環(huán)境管理體系、職業(yè)健康安全管理體系）及其支持性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Ⅳ

GB/T19027—2025/ISO10017:2021

質(zhì)量管理GB/T19001—2016的統(tǒng)計(jì)

技術(shù)指南

1范圍

本文件提供了選擇適宜的統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)的指南，與組織規(guī)模或復(fù)雜性無關(guān)。這些技術(shù)對(duì)組織開發(fā)、實(shí)

施、保持和改進(jìn)符合GB/T19001—2016要求的質(zhì)量管理體系能有用。

本文件不提供如何使用這些統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)的