專題06定語從句——備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考試易錯題【導(dǎo)入】“缺什么，補什么”，準(zhǔn)確選用關(guān)系詞1．如果先行詞指人，且定語從句中缺少主語，限制性定語從句中用who/that，非限制性定語從句中用who。2．如果先行詞指人，且定語從句中缺少賓語，限制性定語從句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定語從句中用whom。3．如果先行詞指物，且定語從句中缺少主語或賓語，限制性定語從句中用which/that，非限制性定語從句中用which。4．如果先行詞指時間，且定語從句中缺少時間狀語，定語從句中用when；如果先行詞指地點，且定語從句中缺少地點狀語，則定語從句中用where；如果定語從句中缺少的是主語或賓語，則用that/which。5．無論先行詞指人還是指物，只要關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語就用whose。6．如果先行詞指人，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的關(guān)系詞用whom；如果先行詞指物，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的關(guān)系詞用which。技巧1關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.Thenthedaycame______IfinallyrealizedIhadtomakeachange.【解析】考查定語從句。句意：后來有一天，我終于意識到我必須做出改變。分析句子可知，句子為限制性定語從句，先行詞為theday，在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故填：when?！敬鸢浮縲hen先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中的作用與“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的關(guān)系表示時間的名詞：time，day，year等when作時間狀語＝at/in/on/duringwhich表示場所的名詞：park，place，country，house等where作地點狀語＝in/at/to/onwhich表示理由的名詞：thereasonwhy作原因狀語＝forwhich(1)先行詞為有地點含義的抽象名詞point，position，situation,stage,state,case,scene，spot等后也常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。Hesaidifweevergottothepointwhereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他說假定我們真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就嚇?biāo)懒恕?2)thereason作先行詞時，若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語，定語從句要用that或which引導(dǎo)。Thebossdoesn'twanttohearanyreason(that/which)youmightgive.老板不想聽你所提出的任何理由。1.WereachedQuebecontheeighthday,_________

mostpeoplespeakFrench.2.Theplanisdesignedtocreatedanatmosphere,________thestaffaremotivatedtoworkhard.技巧2關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.We’lltalkaboutaparticulartypeoffortfood______powertendtobelinkedwithpositiveemotions.【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們將討論一種特殊類型的舒適食品，其功效往往與積極情緒有關(guān)。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是food，指物，在從句中作power的定語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填：whose。【答案】whose關(guān)系代詞指代的對象及其作用關(guān)系代詞指代對象在從句中的作用who人作主語、賓語、表語whom人作賓語which事物作主語、賓語that人或事物作主語、賓語、表語whose人或事物作定語as人或事物，一般用于“such...as”“thesame...as”“as...as”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語、賓語、表語1.(2015﹒四川)Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.A.which B.what C.whose D.that2.Inthisarticle,wewilltalkaboutaparticulartypeoffortfood________powermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.基礎(chǔ)夯實考點一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句一、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語as人、物或事主語、賓語、表語Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感來源。Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我大兒子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他現(xiàn)在在紐約。易錯提示as用在限制性定語從句中時,常用于下列句式:such+名詞+as...（像……一樣的;像……之類的）;thesame+名詞+as...（和……同樣的）二、that和which的用法區(qū)別只用that的情況先行詞是all、few、little、much、something、anything、nothing等不定代詞時先行詞被theonly、thevery、thesame、all等修飾時先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時先行詞既有人又有物時只用which的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時Readersattractssomanyaudiences，whichmeansthatitbeesmoreandmorepopularinChina.《讀者》雜志吸引了那么多的讀者，這意味著它在中國變得越來越受歡迎。三、as和which的區(qū)別asas引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如……，像……”。常作實義動詞（如see、know、expect、say等）的賓語。whichwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句后，常譯為“這一點；這件事”等，which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”正如老話說的那樣：“有志者，事竟成?！笨键c二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞用法例句when指時間,在從句中作時間狀語,相當(dāng)于“in/at/on/during+which”Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠體力謀生的時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。where指地點,在從句中作地點狀語,相當(dāng)于“in/at/on/to+which”Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswheretheycangainvaluableexperience.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參與社團活動,在這些活動中他們可以獲得寶貴的經(jīng)驗。why指原因,在從句中作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于“for+which”Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天沒參加會議的原因嗎?易錯提示當(dāng)先行詞為situation、case、stage、point等,且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語時,常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.他們的孩子處于能說個別單詞但不能說完整句子的階段?？键c三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句一、“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有“some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/thelargest+of+which/whom”等形式。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于為什么人類在哭泣時流淚的理論，這些理論都尚未得到證實。Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)追求自己的夢想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。二、在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”；修飾人時，可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhom”。Thenewlybuiltcafé，whosewalls（=thewallsofwhich）arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.這家新建成的咖啡館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對我們來說真是一個安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后。易錯提示“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which或whom，且不能省略。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.在9月30日之前你必須繳付賬單。模擬演練Ⅰ、單項選擇1．OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.A．whom B．whose C．a(chǎn)s D．where2.ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjin,______IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbest.A．which B．where C．a(chǎn)mongthem D．a(chǎn)mongwhich3.Aftera57dayhiking,theexplorersfinallyreachedaplace,________theybelievedwastheSouthPole.A．which B．where C．that D．a(chǎn)s4.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A．when B．where C．which D．why5.Ithinkyou'vegottothepoint________achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou'llfail.A．when B．where C．that D．which6.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,________isconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.A．that B．what C．which D．where7.TherearehundredsofscenesinEnglishnovels________characterswalkthroughalandscapeoffallenleaves,whichmirrorstheirfeelings.A．that B．where C．which D．when8.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike,________helpshimkeepfit.A．where B．which C．when D．that9.HerearefourexperimentswehavetofinishbeforeJune6th,________twoshouldbedoneinthewild.A．ofwhich B．whose C．inwhich D．that10.Iplacethosephotostakenwithmyfriends________Icanseethemeverydaysothatitcouldremindmeofthosebeautifuldays.A．what B．that C．when D．where11.AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A．where B．which C．that D．when12.Hemayhavemissedthetrain,________hewon’tarriveinanotherhour.A．inwhichcase B．inthatcaseC．underwhichcondition D．onthatoccasionⅡ、語法填空1GranddaughterGayleParks,31—______worksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.2.TheCrescentSpring,______beautyattractstouristsfromhomeandabroad,hasbeearomanticparadiseforvisitors.3.Thesample,______includes1,700gramsoflunarrocksandsoil,islargerthanpreviousones.4.ItmarkedthesuccessfulconclusionofChina’scurrentthreesteplunarexplorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,______beganin2004.5.Therisingnumberofwildbirdsinthereservehasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,______areabletospotorientalstorks(東方白鶴)andotherwildbirdsevenoutsidethereserve.6.Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbeesdrier,peopletendtofeeltheirmouthsandtonguesaredry,______cancausecoldsorcoughs.7.PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,______inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.8.The2020SummerOlympics,______wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID19.9.InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillspetitioninElectronicsinKazan,Russia,______isthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareerofyouth.10.ThemostfamousoftheseistheGreatRedSpot,______issobigthatEarthcouldfitinsideit.11.Whileflyingthroughthewind,itproducedsoundlikethemusicproducedbygu–zheng,______isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.12.Thevalleyincludingamuseumclaimstobetheonlyplace______visitorscansafelyobservewildAsianelephants.Ⅲ、短文填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。It'sneverbeensoimportanttospendtimeoutside,1．that'sbecauseit'stheonlyplacetoexperiencedifferentscenesorforthementalandphysicalgoodprovidedbyfreshairandexercise.It'snotalwayseasytobe2．(motivate),which,however,iswherenaturecollectingcanhelp.Startbylooking3．(closely)attheflowersinyourgardenortreesonyourstreetthaneverbefore.Howmanyspeciesorunusualfeaturescanyouspot?Pickupafallenleaforexamineaprettyflower.Allowyourselftime4．(stop),breathe,switchonyoursensoryantenna(觸角)andconnectwiththebiggerpicture.Make5．extraefforttolook,listen,smell,touchandtaste.Whenyouformnewhabits,whynotsetyourselfthechallengeofcollectingandidentifying100natural6．(treasure)overtheseasons,7．(use)somerelevantknowledge?Whenit8．(e)todisplayingyourfinds,therearemanymethodstoexplore,fromcontainerdisplays,andpressedflowerart9．otherworksofart.Youcanalsotakephotosormakedrawingsofliveanimals,rareplantsorotheritems,10．youthinkneedtostayinthewild,suchasseashellsandpebbles(鵝卵石)onthebeach.Makeitpersonaland,aboveall,enjoy!真題演練【2022年】1（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2（2022年浙江1月）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics__________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．fromwhich B．inwhich C．withwhom D．forwhom2．（2021·天津卷）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A．where B．which C．that D．when3.（2021年浙江1月卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(體重指數(shù))across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier28．thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.【2020年】1.（2020·江蘇卷）Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from__________studentscanchooseforfree.A.whose B.which C.when D.whom2.（2020·天津卷）Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.A.whose B.ofwhom C.ofwhich D.which3.（2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷）InancientChinalivedanartist61paintingswerealmostlifelike.【2019年】1.【2019·江蘇卷】Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.A.which B.what C.when D.that2.【2019·天津卷】Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.why B.where C.which D.what3.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.4.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.5.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.6.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.7.【2019·浙江卷】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.8.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.9.【2019·北京卷】Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.【2018年】1.【2018·北京】Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.which B.who C.as D.that2.【2018·天津】Kae,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.A.whom B.that C.whose D.her3.【2018·江蘇】Selfdriving

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startingline.A.that B.where C.which D.when4.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto105.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷】Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.6.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_started_(start)asoiltestingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmersand2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.7.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷】Manywesterners57etoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.【2017年】1.【2017