上海市行知中學2023學年第二學期第二次月考高一年級英語試卷Ⅱ.GrammarandSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagetheblanksthecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.theblanksagivenword,eachblanktheproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbesteachblank.BoyanSlat,aDutchinventorcleaningthemostpollutedanefforttheoceans.Hehashismission___1___(remove)plasticfromtheoceans.organization,TheOceanCleanup,hassuccessfullystartedcleanthepollutionthathasbeencirclingtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Butmillionsmoretonsofplasticentertheoceanseveryalmostallof___2___(flow)fromrivers.Just10areresponsibleforaround90%ofallthatplastic,___3___a2017studyfromtheHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch.___4___wefocusontheworstrivers,webelievewecanreallyhavethefastestandcost-effectivewayclosethetapandpreventplasticfromreachingtheoceansthefirstplace,”said.TheOceanCleanupusingfloatingtrashcollectorscalled“Interceptors”.Thesesolar-powered,autonomoussystemsusetherivers’currentsguidethetrashontoaconveyorbeltthatcarrythewaste___5___(await)bins.ThefirstinterceptorwentworkJakarta,Indonesia,pullplasticfromawaterwaycalledtheCengkarengdrain.AsecondinterceptorbegancollectingtrashflowingdowntheKlangriverKualaMalaysia.Ontheothersideoftheworld,___6___InterceptorhasrecentlystartedremovingpollutionnearthemouthofthetheDominicanRepublic.“___7___theriverpolluted,thefishdie.yeartherearelessfish,”LuisPeguero,alocalfisherman,explained.WhenPegueroluckyenoughreel(收線拉起)acatch,___8___notbesafeforhisfamilyeat.findthefish,especiallythecatfish.bottlelids,evenashoe.Thefishsurvivethis,”saidPeguero.him,themoderntrash-collectingcatamaran(雙體船)apeculiarbutwelcomesight.TheOceanCleanupworkingthelocalgovernmentsandcommunitieshelpretrieve(取回)theplastictheInterceptorscollect.“Bystoppingplasticrivers,wehopenotonlyaddressthebigglobalplasticpollutionissue,butalsoreallyhelpbetterforthepeople___9___liveneartheseproblematicrivers,”said第1共頁Slat.TheOceangoaltacklethethousandmostpollutedriverswithin5years.Sooninterceptors____10____(head)Thailand,JamaicaandLosAngelesCountytheUnitedStates.aregettingouttonsofplasticeverysaid.acceptthatwedeliveroneButwe’redoingthis,stepbystep.”SectionBDirections:Filleachblankaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanneed.A.conclusiveG.advocatingindiscriminateaweD.favourableuninhabitableaddressH.agendaI.attainJ.conventionalK.oddsTheworldhasmorethanonedegreeCelsiussincetheIndustrialRevolution.Theclimateagreementhopedrestrictwarmingdegrees.Theofsucceeding,accordingarecentstudybasedoncurrentemissionstrends,areone20.Ifbymiracleweareablewarmingdegrees,weonlyhavenegotiatetheextinctionofthetropicalreefs,____12____thesea-levelriseofseveralmetersandabandonthePersianGulf.TheclimatescientistJamesHansenhascalledtwo-degreewarming“l(fā)ong-termdisaster”,whichnowthebest-casescenario.Four-degreewarming“short-termdisaster”:Europepermanentdrought;areasofChina,IndiaandBangladeshclaimedbydesert;theAmericanSouthwest____13____.Inthedecadethatranfrom19791989,wehadanexcellentopportunitytheclimatecrisis.Thepowerswithinseveralsignaturesof____14____aglobalframeworkreducecarbonemissions—farcloserthansince.Duringthoseyears,theconditionsforsuccesscouldnothavebeenmore____15____.TheobstaclesweforourcurrentinactionhadAlmostnothingstoodourway—nothingexceptourselves.Nearlyeverythingweunderstandnowaboutglobalwarmingwasunderstood1979.beingshavealteredatmospherethroughthe____16____burningoffossilfuels.Atthestartofthe1980s,scientistswithinthefederalgovernmentpredictedthat____17____evidenceofwarmingwouldappearontheglobaltemperaturerecordbytheendofthedecade,atwhichpointwouldbetoolateavoidAreportpreparedbytheNationalAcademyofSciencesadvisedthatcarbon-dioxideissueshouldappearontheinternational____18____acontextthatmaximizecooperationandminimizepoliticalcontroversyand第2共頁division.”theworldhadadoptedtheproposalwidelysupportedattheendofthe‘80s,warmingcouldhavebeenheldlessthan1.5degrees.ButtheyfailedeventhoughtheleadingoceanographerHenryStommelandtheHarvardplanetary,physicistRichardwhosepresencecouldinspire____19____,triedwarnhumanityofwhatwasTheytheircareersapainfulcampaigntheproblem,firstscientificreports,laterthrough_____20_____avenuesofpoliticalpersuasionandfinallyastrategyofpublicshaming.Theirwerepassionateandtheyfailed.Nowourturn.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForblankinthefollowingpassagetherefourwordsorphrasesmarkedB,Candinblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhatPacificGarbagePatch?TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)theofthefiveplasticaccumulationzonestheoceans.ItlocatedhalfwaybetweenHawaiiandCalifornia.PLASTIC_____21_____Itestimatedthat1.152.41milliontonnesofplasticareenteringtheoceaneachyearfromrivers.thanhalfofthisplasticless_____22_____thanthemeaningthatnotsinkonceencountersthesea.Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)themarineenvironment,allowingthembetransportedover_____23_____distances.Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheytheirwayshore,transportedby(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatingthepatch.Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelyleavetheareauntilthey_____24_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.Asandplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment,microplastic_____25_____theGPGPonlycontinueincrease.Dueseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents,thelocationandshapeareconstantlyOnlyfloatingobjectsthatare_____26_____influencedbycurrentswerelikelyremainwithinthepatch.simulatingconcentrationtheNorthPacific,theresearcherswereablefollowthelocationof第3共頁thepatchandfoundonaverageorbitsaround32°Nandtheteamobservedseasonal_____27_____fromwesteastandsubstantialvariationslatitude（緯度）dependingontheONPlastichasincreasinglybecomeacommonsubstancetheocean.Duesizeandanimals_____28_____theplasticforfood,causingmalnutrition;posesentanglement（纏繞）risksandthreatenstheiroverallhealth,andexistence.Studieshaveshownthatabout700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris,and92%ofthese_____29_____areplastic.17%ofthespeciesaffectedbyplasticareontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedofThreatenedSpecies.ONHUMANSANDSOCIETYOnceplasticentersthemarinefoodweb,thereapossibilitythatcontaminatethehumanfoodchainaswell.Throughaprocesscalledbioaccumulation,chemicalsplasticsenterthebodyoftheanimal_____30_____ontheplastic,andasthefeederbecomesthechemicalspassthe_____31_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.Thesechemicalsthattheplasticfeederscouldthenbe_____32_____withinthehumanaswell._____33_____,yearlyeconomiccostsduemarineplasticareestimatedbebetween$6-19billionThecosts_____34_____impactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.Thesecostsdonotincludetheimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystemdue_____35_____researchavailable.21.A.tinyD.PROMOTIOND.dense22.A.thick23.A.adjusted24.A.upgradeoverdonedegradeestimationrarelydepositedassembleconcentrationpreviouslyboostD.extendedD.disassembleD.locationD.slightly25.A.transportation26.A.predominantly27.A.similarity28.A.exchange29.A.implications30.A.restingshiftD.substituteinteractionsfeedingpreyleaveD.confuseD.influencesD.waitinginterferencesrisking31.A.marinertrackerD.predator第4共頁32.A.present33.A.Likewise34.A.result35.A.insufficientSectionBabsentcurrentD.reliableHoweverremovefromadequateMoreoverstemfrominsignificantD.ThereforeD.bringaboutD.substantialDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForofthemfourchoicesmarkedB,andChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveWhenarelittle,nothardbelievecanchangetheworld.Irememberenthusiasmwhen,attheof12,IaddressedthepeopleattheEarthSummit.“Iamonlyachild”ItoldIknowthatallthemoneyspentonwarwasspentonendingpovertyandfindingenvironmentalanswers,whatawonderfulplacethisworldwouldbe.Atschoolteachusnotothers,workthingsout,respectothers,cleanupourmess,nothurtothercreatures,share,notbeThen,whydooutanddothethingtellusnotdo?grown-upssayus,butIchallengeyou,please,ouractionsreflectyourwords.”Ispokeforsixminutesandreceivedastandingovation.Someofthedelegatesevencried.Ithoughtthatmaybehadreachedofthatspeechactuallyspur(激勵)action.tenyearsfromRio,aftersatthroughmanymoreconferences,I’mnotsurewhathasbeenaccomplished.confidencethepeoplepowerandthepowerofanvoicereachthemhasbeendeeplyshaken.WhenIwaslittle,theworldwassimple.Butasayoungadult,I’mlearningthataswehavechoices-education,lifestyle-moreandmorecomplicated.arebeginningfeelpressureproduceandbesuccessful.aretaughtthateconomicgrowthprogress,butwetaughthowpursueahealthyonsustainablewayofliving.Andweareleaningthatwhatwewantedforthefuturewhenwewere12wasidealisticandinnocent.I’mnolongerachild,butI’mworriedaboutwhatofenvironmentchildrenupin.Iknowchangepossible,becauseIamchanging,figuringoutwhatthink.Iamdecidinghowlivemylife.Thechallengesaregreat,butweacceptindividualresponsibilityandsustainablechoices,werisethechallenges,andwebecomepartofthepositivetideofchange.第5共頁36.Thepurposeofwhatthespeakersaidattheof12was________.A.endpovertyandschoolbeautifulendpovertyandtheproblemsaboutenvironmentfindawonderfulplaceandcleanupD.findenvironmentalanswersandkeepthewordsthattheyalwaystoldthemselves37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ovation”thesecondparagraphrefer________.A.alongperiodoflaughingawarmwelcomealongperiodofclappingandapplausesD.anexpressionusedforgreeting38.Whichofthefollowingtrueaccordingthepassage?A.thewriterthinkswhathethoughtattheof12mature.thewriter’schildrencertainlyliveanidealenvironment.thewriter’sconfidencethepeoplepowerhasdeeplyshakentheirvoice.D.thewriter’sbeliefdoesnotchangewhenheup.(B)SubmittingHomeworkOnlineInorderuploadanassignmentthesystemmusttheassignmentusingoneofthefollowingapplications:MicrosoftCorelorMicrosoftExcel.Aftercompleteanassignment,importantyourThisensuresthatassignmentbeinguploadedthesystemthemostupdatedversion.wordprocessingprogrammayattempttheassignmentadefaultfolderonyourrecommendcreatinganewnamedafteryourcourse,alocationthateasysuchasDocuments.”FileRequirementsSelectafortheassignmentthateasyThemustNOTcontainspaces.Anyspacesusedthepreventthefromuploadingthesystem.Filenamesusingtheextensions.rtf,.zip,.jpg,or.exeareNOTallowed.Reviewthefollowingexamplesbesurethatusetheproperformat:Exampleofanacceptablename:lesson1.docExampleofanunacceptablename:lesson1.docAssignmentUpload第6共頁Makesuretheassignmentusingoneoftheapplicationspreviouslyidentifiedandensurethatmeetstherequirementsdescribedabove.Whenthereadyupload,followthesesteps:1.Logintothesystem.2.EnteryouraddressinformationandclicktheCONTINUEbutton.beroutedthe“Directions”screen.3ReviewthedirectionsandclicktheCONTINUEbutton.beroutedthe“SpecialAssignmentUpload”screen.4.Clickthebutton.The“ChooseFile”pop-upwindowappears.5.Navigatethelocationonyourcomputerwheresavedyourassignment,andselectthefile.6.Afterhaveselectedthefile,clicktheUPLOADbuttonuploadyourassignmentthesystem.39.Whichacceptableforsubmittinghomework?A.researchresearchD.40.WhichofthefollowingNOTmentionedthepassage?A.Applications.Thename.Uploadingsteps.D.Codenumbers.41.Thedirectionssuggestsavinganassignmentaspecificfolderorderhelpthestudent_____.A.navigatethesystemrememberthelocationofthedocumentD.rememberthedocumentquicklychoosetheappropriateapplicationThequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartshighereducationaneither/orproposition(命題),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,engineering,maths)-relatedfieldscanseemthatThelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgethecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsothatthestudyofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofeducationalsystematalllevels.Botharecriticalproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateourdemocraticbecomeinnovativeleaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindoverprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospectsas第7共頁technologicaladvancesandchangesdomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,nationallookforwhatmayappearbethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem.“Majorasubjectdesignedajob”seemstheobviousanswersome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,fact,leademploymentandsuccessthelongrun.Indeed,accordingsurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemwell,thinkresearchandcommunicatestudentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,aslittlereasondoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaybecalleduponplaydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhodothebestthisnewenvironmentbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthembeflexible.Theabilitydrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight-pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology-theproblemsofthefuture,andadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,behelpfulthemandtheUnitedStates.42.Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?A.STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobstheinformationHighereducationshouldbeadjustedthepracticalneedsofTheliberalartshighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spirituallife.D.ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.43.Whatthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?A.Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.Theacademicvalueofthecourses.Thequalityofeducationreceive.D.Theirinterestrelevantsubjects.44.Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor?A.ThosewhohaveastrongsenseofThosewhoaregoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation.D.Thosewhoarelikelybecomeinnovativeleaders.45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorcollegestudents?第8共頁A.Seizeopportunitiestaptheirpotential.avarietyofpracticalcourses.CPreparethemselvesfordifferentjoboptions.D.Chooseaflexiblejob.Ⅳ.Directions:thefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.46.這位藝術家的多數(shù)作品都體現(xiàn)了對穩(wěn)定、和諧生活的向往。(stable)____________________________________________________________________________________47.宴會主持人向在場的貴賓致以了最熱烈的歡迎。(extend)____________________________________________________________________________________48.要保持健康，最重要的是要有均衡的膳食、良好的睡眠以及要規(guī)律地適度運動。(matter)____________________________________________________________________________________49.盡管養(yǎng)成新習慣耗時費力，但只要你心懷斗志，堅持不懈，終會達成所愿。(Despite)____________________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ.Guided50.Directions:anEnglishcomposition120-150wordsaccordingtheinstructionsgivenbelowChinese.在現(xiàn)代社會，越來越多的人開始重視健康的生活方式，追求身心健康和幸福。然而，要想真正實現(xiàn)健康的生活方式并非易事，需要抵抗誘惑，克服困難。請結合個人實際情況談談：1.你目前有哪些不良的生活習慣；2.今后將如何改進。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第9共頁上海市行知中學2023學年第二學期第二次月考高一年級英語試卷本試卷滿分100分，考試時間90分鐘)【答案】1.remove2.flowing3.according4.5.awaiting6.another8.might##may9.that##who10.head【解析】7.Because以拯救海洋。【1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他把清除海洋中的塑料制品作為自己的使命。名詞mission后接不定式擔當后置定語，構成搭配：missiondosth.做某事是某人的使命。故填remove。【2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但每年有數(shù)百萬噸以上的塑料進入海洋，幾乎所有塑料都來自河流。本句為獨立主格形式，動詞flow和邏輯主語“allofit”之間為主動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填flowing?！?題詳解】201790%的塑料是由10條according根據(jù)、依據(jù)。故填accordingto。【4題詳解】引導條件狀語從句。故填。【5題詳解】待的垃圾箱。非謂語動詞擔當前置定語，表示被修飾詞bins的用途，所以用動名詞。故填awaiting?！?題詳解】interceptorthefirstinterceptorasecondinterceptoranother。故填another?！?題詳解】考查原因狀語從句。句意：“因為河水被污染，魚都死了。魚一年比一年少，”當?shù)貪O民路易斯·佩蓋羅(LuisPeguero)解釋說。空后為主句的原因，因此用because引導原因狀語從句。故填Because?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：哪怕Peguero足夠幸運的釣到魚，他的家人們吃魚也可能不安全。根據(jù)上文可知，這里的河水被污染了，所以對于他的家人而言，吃魚可能不安全，所以用情態(tài)動詞may/might。故填may或might?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：斯拉特說：“通過停止往河流中排放塑料，我們不僅希望解決全球塑料污染的大問題，還希望真正幫助改善生活在這些問題河流附近的人們的生活?！贝颂幨窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句，先行詞為people，在定語從句中擔當主語，用關系代詞who或that引導。故填who或that。【10題詳解】soon態(tài)為一般將來時。故填head?！敬鸢浮縆12.F13.E14.G16.B18.H20.J15.D17.A19.C【解析】地球溫度已經(jīng)上升了一度多，巴黎氣候協(xié)定旨在將升溫限制在兩度以內，但成功的幾率很低。文章列舉了19791989第共頁框架，但最終未能成功?！绢}詳解】hopedrestrictwarmingdegrees”和下文“one”可推知，文中說的是成功的可能性，用名詞odds語，意為“可能性，機會”，符合句意。故選K【12題詳解】2negotiate”和“abandon如果能將升溫限制在2度以內，我們需要應對的問題。用動詞address與其它兩個動詞構成并列關系，表示“解決海平面上升幾米的問題”是我們需要應對的問題之一，符合句意。故選F【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：4度的變暖將意味著“短期災難”：歐洲陷入永久干旱；中國、印度和孟加拉國的大片地區(qū)都是沙漠；美國西南部基本上不適合居住。上文列舉了氣溫上升4度可能導致的嚴重災難，句中用uninhabitable表示表示發(fā)生在美國的災難性情況：不適宜居住的，符合句意。故選E【14題詳解】——這是我們迄今為止最接近的共識。根據(jù)下文“aglobalframeworkreducecarbonemissions”可推知，這是世界主要大國倡導的全球框架，用動詞advocate的動名詞形式作賓語，符合句意。故選G【15題詳解】Themajorpowerswithinseveralsignaturesof4aglobalframeworkreducecarbonemissions—farcloserthanwe’vesince.1979到1989favourableD【16題詳解】beingshavealteredatmosphereindiscriminate作定語，符合句意。故選B【17題詳解】2080年代初，聯(lián)邦政府內部的科學家預測，到2080atwhichpointwouldbetoolateavoiddisaster2080年代末災難就難以避免，說明“結論性的”的證據(jù)出現(xiàn)了，無法改變，用形容詞conclusive作定語，符合句意。故選A【18題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國國家科學院準備的一份報告建議，“二氧化碳問題應該出現(xiàn)在國際議程的背景下，使合作最大化，政治爭議和分歧最小化。”。根據(jù)下文“maximizecooperationandminimizepoliticalcontroversyanddivisionagenda日程”，符合句意。故選H【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：盡管世界著名的海洋學家亨利·斯托梅爾和哈佛大學行星物理學家理查德·古迪試圖警告人類即將發(fā)生的事情，他們的加入讓人敬畏，但他們還是失敗了。根據(jù)上文“theleadingoceanographerHenryStommelandtheHarvardplanetaryphysicistRichardGoody警告會讓人們產(chǎn)生“敬畏”，用名詞awe作賓語，符合句意。故選C【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：為了解決這個問題，他們冒著自己職業(yè)生涯的風險，進行了一場痛苦的運動，先是在科學報告中，后來通過傳統(tǒng)的政治說服途徑，最后采取了公開羞辱的策略。結合常識和下文“politicalpersuasionconventional作定語，符合句意。故選J【答案】21A22.D33.C23.D34.C24.B35.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.B31.D32.A【解析】(GPGP)。講述了它的位置、形成的過程以及帶來的消極影響。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：塑料積累。A.聚集；漂流；漂??；D.PROMOTION推銷。根據(jù)下文的“Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheytheirwayshore,transportedby(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatingthepatch.”（當它們離開海岸的時候，的洋流輸送，聚集在海域上。故選A?！?2題詳解】沉。A.light輕的；thick厚的；tiny狹小的；D.densemeaningthatnotsinkonceencountersthesea.不會下沉。故選D?！?3題詳解】地方。A.adjusted調整；overdone過多；deposited放置；D.extendedThestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)themarineenvironment.環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)出韌性）可知，這些塑料由于其韌性，能夠漂浮至很遠的地方。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦這些塑料進入環(huán)流，它們就不太可能離開這個區(qū)域，直到它們在陽光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。A.upgrade升級；degrade降解；assemble集合；D.disassemble分散。根據(jù)后文的“intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.知，這些塑料會在陽光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。故選。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著越來越多的塑料被丟棄到環(huán)境中，GPGP中的微塑料濃度只會繼續(xù)增加。A.transportation交通；estimation估計；concentration濃度；D.locationAsmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment.塑料被扔到海洋中，塑料在海洋中的濃度會不斷增加。故選?！?6題詳解】A.predominantly主要地；rarely稀少地；previously之前地；D.slightly稍微地。根據(jù)前文的“Oncetheseplasticsenterthe（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelyleavetheareauntilthey_____5_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.們降解成更小的微塑料。因此這些主要被洋流影響的塑料垃圾一直仍然在這個區(qū)域中，故選A?！?7題詳解】A.similarity相似性；shift轉變；boost增加；D.figureDueseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents.”可知，由于風和洋流的季節(jié)性和年際變化，所以研究小組觀察到了季節(jié)性的變化。故選。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于塑料的大小和顏色，動物把塑料錯當作食物，導致營養(yǎng)不良；這會帶來糾纏的風險，并威脅到他們的整體行為、健康和存在。A.exchange交換；substitute代替；leave離開；D.confuse弄錯。根據(jù)后文的“causingmalnutrition;posesentanglement（纏繞）andthreatenstheiroverallhealth,andexistence.”可知，一些動物會把塑料錯認為食物，誤食它們最終導致營養(yǎng)不良等風險。故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，約700種物種遇到過海洋垃圾，其中92%的互動是與塑料產(chǎn)生的。A.implications牽連；interactions互動；相互影響；interferences干擾；D.influences影響。根據(jù)前文的“about700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris”可知，92%?！?0題詳解】遞給捕食者——在包括人類在內的食物網(wǎng)中一路上升。A.resting休息；feeding喂養(yǎng)；risking冒險；D.waitingandasthefeederbecomesthechemicalspassthe”可知，空前應與and后的內容相并列。當食用者成為獵物的時候，化學物質會傳遞給捕食者。之前的過程應該是塑料中的化學物質會進入以塑料為食的動物的身體。故選。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.mariner水手；prey獵物；tracker跟蹤者；D.predator捕食者。根據(jù)前文“asthefeederbecomesprey”可知，化學物質進入以塑料為食的動物的身體中，捕食者在獵捕它們?；瘜W物質就會進入到捕食者的身體中。故選D?！?2題詳解】A.presentabsentcurrentD.reliable的“thechemicalspassthemakingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.”可化學物質也會存在于人類身體中。故選A。【33題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，海洋塑料每年造成的經(jīng)濟損失估計在60-190億美元之間。A.Likewise同樣地；However然而；Moreover此外；D.Thereforeyearlyeconomiccostsduemarineplasticareestimatedbebetween$6-19billionUSD.”并結合上文講述塑料對人類的影響可知，此處是補充闡述海洋塑料帶來的經(jīng)濟危害，與前文構成遞進關系。故選?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：其成本來自其對旅游業(yè)、漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及政府清理的影響。A.result導致；removefrom移除；stemfrom源自于；D.bringabout產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)后文的“impactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.”可知，海洋垃圾的經(jīng)濟損失來自于其對旅游業(yè)、漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及政府清理方面造成的影響。故選。【35題詳解】A.insufficientadequateinsignificantD.substantial“theimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystem”可知，由于研究的不充足，海洋垃圾對人類健康和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的影響還無法計算，因此不能包括其中。故選A。【答案】36.B37.C38.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者12歲時在里約地球峰會上發(fā)言，希望大人們能做到在學校教育孩熱烈贊揚。十年后作者初衷未改變，從我做起一起改變這個世界?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iremembermyenthusiasmwhenattheof12,IaddressedthepeopleattheEarthSummit.‘Iamonlyachild,’ItoldIknowthatallthemoneyspentonwarwasspentonendingpovertyandfindingenvironmentalanswers,whatawonderfulplacethisworldwouldbe.’(我還記得我12歲時在里約熱內盧地球峰會上向人們講話時的那種熱情?！抑皇莻€孩子?！腋嬖V他們?！抑溃绻?12歲時所演講的目的是結束貧困和解決環(huán)境問題。故選?！?7題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“Ispokeforsixminutes(我講了六分鐘)”和后句“Someofthedelegatesevencried.(一些代表甚至哭了)立鼓掌。所以ovation為“鼓掌”之意。故選C。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iknowchangepossible,becauseIamchanging,figuringoutwhatIthink.Iamdecidinghowlivelife.(定如何生活)”可知，縱使會有再多改變作者仍堅守自己的信念。故選D。【答案】39.C40.D41.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹網(wǎng)上提交作業(yè)的相關要求?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)FileNameRequirements部分中“TheNOTcontainspaces.Anyspacesusedthepreventthefromuploadingthesystem.Filenamesusingtheextensions.rtf,.html,.zip,.jpg,or.exeareNOTallowed.(文件名不能包含空格。文件名中使用的任何空格都將阻止文件上傳到系統(tǒng)。不允許使用.rtf.html.zip.jpg.exe擴展名的文件名)”可推知，只有文件名符合要求，文件名中沒有逗號，也沒有使用禁用擴展名。故選C【40題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“theassignmentusingoneofthefollowingapplications:(你必須使用以下其中一個應用程序保存作業(yè)”、NameRequirements部分中“Selectafortheassignmentthateasyremember.(為作業(yè)選擇一個容易記住的文件名)”和AssignmentUploadProcedure部分中“Whenthereadyupload,followthesesteps:(:)”可知，D項Codenumbers未提及。故選D【41題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“wordprocessingprogrammayattempttheassignmentadefaultfolderonyourrecommendcreatinganewnamedafteryourcourse,alocationthateasysuchasDocuments.’(您的文字處理程序可能會嘗試將作業(yè)保存到計算機上的默認文件夾)知，使用指南建議將作業(yè)保存到特定的文件夾中，是為了幫助學生記住文檔的位置。故選B【答案】42.D43.A44.C45.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。最新的國會報告建議人文學科和科學、技術、工程學科應該同等重要，指出這兩個領域都是培養(yǎng)公民的關鍵。作者也表達了自己對于選擇人文還是科學、技術、工程學科的看法?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgethecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsothatthestudyofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesremaincentralcomponentsofeducationalsystematalllevels.()STEM學科應該被同等重視。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Majorasubjectdesignedajob”seemstheobviousanswersome(對)關心的是找到一份好工作的機會。故選A。【44題詳解】employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemwell,thinkresearchandcommunicateeasily(雇主們表示，他們更青睞那些受過廣泛教育的學生，這些教育教會了他們良好的寫作能力、批判性思維能力、創(chuàng)造性研究能力和輕松溝通能力)”可知，雇主尋找接受過全面教育的人，故選?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,aslittlereasondoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaybecalleduponplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.(們的第四份和第五份工作做好準備，因為幾乎沒有理由懷疑，今天進入勞動力市場的人將在他們的職業(yè)生涯中扮演許多不同的角色。)”可知，作者給大學生的建議是為不同的工作選擇做好準備。故選。46.【答案】Mostofthisreflectayearningforastableandharmoniouslife.【解析】mostof作品”含義的表達為：thisworks；表示“體現(xiàn)了”含義的表達為：reflect，因句子表示的是一個客觀情況，謂語動詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時；表示“對……的向往”含義的表達為：ayearningfor；表示“穩(wěn)定、和諧生活”含義的表達為：astableandharmoniouslifeMostofthisreflectayearningforastableandharmoniouslife。47.【答案】Thehostofthebanquetextendedthewarmestwelcomethedistinguishedguestspresentattheevent.【解析】人”為“