備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語(yǔ)【名校地市好題必刷】全真模擬卷（江蘇專用）第五模擬（滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.答案是C。1．（2022·江蘇鹽城·一模）Howoftendidthemangotothegymrecently?A．Onceaweek. B．Twiceaweek. C．Threetimesaweek.【答案】A【原文】M:IfIworkouttwiceperweek,whenwillIhaveasixpackstomach?W:Atleastonemonth.Butyou’llalsoneedtoeathealthierfoodsanddorunningexercises.M:Lateron,I’llgotothegymthreetimesperweekratherthanonce.2．（2022·江蘇鹽城·一模）Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．InSpain. B．InFrance. C．IntheUK.【答案】B【原文】M:SpainandFrancearesomeofthebestfootballteamsintheworld.Thiswillbeagreatgame.W:AretheyplayinghereinParis?M:TheychoseastadiuminEnglandtoavoidgivingeitherteamhomefieldadvantage.3．（2022·江蘇鹽城·一模）What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Strangers. B．Grandmaandgrandson. C．Motherandson.【答案】A【原文】W:Thankyou,youngman.Thisbagissoheavy.Inevercouldhavecarrieditontothetrain.M:Mypleasure,ma’am.IsawyoustrugglingandfeltIneededtohelp.W:You’reakindboy—youremindmeofmygrandson.Thanksagain!4．（2022·江蘇鹽城·一模）Whatwouldprobablybethewoman’sfavoritewaytotravel?A．Drivingacar.B．Takinganairplane.C．Takingahighspeedtrain.【答案】C【原文】M:I’vebeenscaredtotravelbyplaneeversinceIwasakid.Ilovedriving,though.W:Iagreeaboutflying.It’ssoinconvenienttodrivelongdistances,though.M:Ibetareallyfasttrainwouldbethebestalternative.W:Yes,thatwouldbeperfect!5．（2022·江蘇鹽城·一模）WhatdidJohnsondoattheweekend?A．Heattendedapetition.B．Hepreparedforaspeech.C．Heplayedfootballwithfriends.【答案】B【原文】W:Didyouhaveanythingexcitingduringtheweekend,Johnson?M:No,notreally.Iwasthinkingofplayingfootballwithmyfriends.Butthespeechpetitionisapproaching,soIhadtostayathometoprepareforit.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。（2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·高三期末）聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whendidthemanlosehisjob?A．Aweekago. B．Threeweeksago. C．Amonthago.7．Whatdidthewomandotohelptheman?A．Sheboughthimacar.B．Shegavehimheroldcar.C．Shedonatedmoneytohim.【答案】C7．B【原文】W:Hey!Howarethingsgoing?M:Well,tobehonest,thingsaren’tgoingwellforus.W:Howe?M:Well,Ilostmyjobamonthago,andmywifewasinhospitalforthreeweeks.Nowthebillsarepilingup.Andlastweekourcardied!W:Oh,I’msosorrytohearthat.Hey,listen!IhaveanoldcarthatI’mnotusing.Icandonateittoyou.M:No,no.Ican’tacceptit.W:Pleasetakeit.Allyouowemeisyourhomemadepeachpie.M:That’ssokindofyou.（2022·青海西寧·高三期末）聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whatisthemanlookingfor?A．Asummary. B．Areport. C．MrSato’soffice.9．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Workharder. B．Relaxhimself. C．Askhissecretaryforhelp.10．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Workmates. B．Neighbors. C．Classmates.【答案】8．B9．B10．A【原文】M:Ihavetoprovideasummaryofthisweek’ssalestothedirectorsinfiveminutes,butIcan’tseemtolocatethereportIgotfromJohnanywhere.Haveyouseenitbyanychance?W:IrememberMrSatosayingthathewantedtoreaditoverearlier.Whydon’tyougoandaskhissecretaryifit’sonhisdesk?M:Yes,that’sright.Ipletelyforgotthathehadaskedmetolethimseeit.Idon’tknowwhatitis,butI’msoabsentmindedthesedays.W:Well,Ithinkit’sbecauseyouareworkingtoohard.Youknow,youreallyneedtotakeiteasy,Mike.（2022·河北深州市中學(xué)高三期末）聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whydidthewomantravelaroundtheworldinahelicopter?A．Togosightseeing. B．Toraisemoney. C．Tolearntofly12．WhydidthewomanspendtwodaysinThailand?A．Togetwater. B．Tostoptocamp. C．Tosolveanengineproblem.13．Whatdidthewomansayaboutthetrip?A．Itwasworthwhile. B．Itwasfullofdanger. C．Itcostthemmuchmoney.【答案】11．B12．C13．A【原文】M：Angela,whatmadeyoudecidetoflyaroundtheworldinahelicopter?W：I’m57now!I’msorryIdidn’tdothiswonderfulthingmanyyearsago.Actually,themainpurposeindoingthiswastocollect$500,000forsickchildrenbygettingdifferentpaniestopayusmoneyforeachkilometerthatweflew.M：Andwhataboutpreparingforthetrip?W：Well,ittookfivemonthstoplan.Imadethetripthreeyearsagowithmyteacherwhotaughtmetofly.M：Andwhatwasthetriplike?W：Itwasreallyexcitingflyingoversomanydifferentcountries.Butweweren’tabletospendmuchtimesightseeingbecauseweonlystoppedtogetwaterandcamp.WehadtospendtwodaysinThailandbecauseofanengineproblem,andthatwasthelongesttimewespentinacertainplace.Butthetripwasworthourtimeandeffort.（2022·青海西寧·高三期末）聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatdothestudentsusuallydointhewoman’scountry?A．Readalot. B．Givemanylectures. C．Gotolecturesandwriteessays.15．Whatbothersthewomanmostinreading?A．Quantity. B．Newwords. C．Time.16．Whycan’tthewomangetupforlectures?A．Sheattendspartiesuntildeepnight.B．Shedoesn’thaveanalarmclock.C．Shestudiestoolate.17．Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A．Themandoesn’thaveenoughtimetoreadmore.B．Bothofthespeakersdon’tlikereading.C．Thespeakersareclassmates.【答案】14．C15．B16．A17．A【原文】M:Oh,hello,Lisa.Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Howarethingsgoing?W:Hello,Sam.It’sgreatstudyinghere,butsomethingstakequiteabitofgettingusedto.It’snotlikestudyinginmycountry.M:Howdoyoustudyinyourcountry?W:Inmycountryweusedtogotolecturesandgetthelecturer’snotesandthenwe’dusethosetowriteouressays.Herewehavetoreadsomuch.Ijustcan’tkeepupwithitall.Howdoyoufindthereading?M:Well,Iagreethereisalottoread,butIdon’tmindthat.Infact.Ilikethereading.Myproblemisthatit’sallsointerestingIwanttoreadmoreandtherejustisn’tthetime.W:Ithinkthemostdifficultthingwiththereadingforme,though,isn’tthequantitybutallthenewwords.M:Iunderstand.W:Andthere’sanotherthingIneverseemtomanageenoughtimeforlectures.Andtheyarealwayssoearlyinthemorning!Ican’tevergetoutofbedintimeforanineoclocklecture.M:Well,isn’tthatbecauseyougotosomanyparties?Ifyoudon’tgethometilloneortwointhemorning，howcanyoueverexpecttoawakeforalecture?W:Maybeyou’reright.（2022·青海西寧·高三期末）聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whenistheannouncementgiven?A．OnFriday. B．OnWednesday. C．OnMonday.19．WhatwillMindydo?A．Helpstudentspackboxes.B．Writedownwhathasbeenorganized.C．Tellstudentsthehistoryofthefoodbank.20．Howcansmallstudentshelp?A．Bywritingdownsomeinformation.B．Byputtingfoodintoboxes.C.Bydeliveringittodifferentfoodcenters.【答案】18．B19．C20．A【原文】M:Attention,please!Wehaveanimportantannouncementforallvolunteers!Intwodays,wearegoingtohaveanextra40volunteerswhowillhelpusorganizefood,putitintoboxes,anddeliverittodifferentfoodcenters.ThehighschoolstudentsfromListerCentralHighSchoolarevolunteeringtheirtimeonFridaytohelpus.Thestudentswillonlybehereforthreehours,soweneedtomakesureweknowwhattheirjobsare.Tony,Iwantyoutohelpthestudentsputvegetablesandfruitintoboxes.Diane,pleaseshowthestudentshowtoputtheboxesinthetruck.Also,Mindy,Iwouldlikeyoutogivethestudentsashorthistorylessonaboutourfoodbankbeforetheystart.Manyofthestudentsarefootballplayersandareverystrong.Pleaseaskthemtocarrytheheavyboxessotheotherscanfocusondifferenttasks.Studentswhoaresmallandnotasstrongcanhelpuswritedownwhatboxeshavebeenorganizedandwhattypeoffoodisineachbox.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2022·江西贛州·高三期末）Areyouannoyedwiththesoundofthealarmclockwhenyouaretootiredandsleepytogetup?Thegoodnewsisthatyoucangetuprefreshedafterahappybattlewiththefollowingcreativealarmclocks!Banclock(Price:$85each,20%offformore)Haveyoubeenkeepingapocketfulofchangeforsometimewithoutknowingwhattodowithit?Maybeyoucandepositthosecoinsinyouralarm.Thiscubeisbothanalarmclockandamoneybox.Itonlystopsringingifyouputacoininit.DmbbellAlarmClock(Price:$25each)Youhavetoshakethe5kilogramalarmclockupanddown30timestostopit.Ofcourseyouwillbetotallyrefreshedthen.Don’tbelazyandbuildupyourbodyinthemorning!GloPillowAlarmClock(Price:$60each)Thisalarmisspecialbecauseitisapillowanditdoesn’tringloud.Thepillowgraduallyglows(發(fā)光)frominside40minutesbeforethepresetalarmtime.Itresemblestheeffectofsunlight.That’samorepleasantwaytogetoutofbed.IQAlarmClock(Price:$100each,30%offformore)Whataboutabrainworkoutinthemorning?IQalarmwillgooffandaskyouasetofIQquestions.Don’teventhinkaboutremovingthebattery,becauseithasahardtoopenbatterypartment(電池盒).Theonlywaytoshutitoffistoanswerallquestionscorrectly.21．Whichalarmclockbestsuitspeoplewholikedoingsports?A．Banclock. B．DmbbellAlarmClock.C．GloPillowAlarmClock. D．IQAlarmClock.22．WhatmakesaGloPillowAlarmClockspecial?A．Hightechnologyapplied. B．Excellentaftersaleservice.C．Lowpriceandhighquality. D．Thegentlewaytoawakenpeople.23．HowmuchshouldyoupayfortwoIQAlarmClocks?A．$60. B．$100. C．$140. D．$200【答案】21．B22．D23．C【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹4款很有創(chuàng)造性的鬧鐘。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DmbbellAlarmClock“Youhavetoshakethe5kilogramalarmclockupanddown30timestostopit.”（你必須上下?lián)u晃這個(gè)5公斤的鬧鐘30分鐘才能讓它停）可知，喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)的人適合買(mǎi)這款鬧鐘。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GloPillowAlarmClock“Thepillowgraduallyglows(發(fā)光)frominside40minutesbeforethepresetalarmtime.Itresemblestheeffectofsunlight.That’samorepleasantwaytogetoutofbed.”（枕頭在預(yù)設(shè)的報(bào)警時(shí)間前40分鐘內(nèi)逐漸發(fā)光。它類似于陽(yáng)光的效果。那是一種更愉快的起床方式）可知，GloPillowAlarmClock這款鬧鐘的特別之處是可以用溫柔的方式把人叫醒。故選D。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IQAlarmClock“Price:$100each,30%offformore”（價(jià)格：一個(gè)100美元，更多的話少30%）可知，買(mǎi)2個(gè)的話的價(jià)格是：100*2*（130%）=140（美元）。故選C。B（2022·江西贛州·高三期末）Oneofmyearliestmemoriesstartedwithmesobbing.Mumtookoutanoldsheetofwrappingpaperandbegantofoldit.Soon,apapertigerstoodonthetable.“Tiger!”saidmom.IwasfascinatedbyTigerandstoppedcrying.Mumstartedtomakepapertoysandwouldleavethemonthebreakfasttableforme.Oneday,whenIwasplayingwithTiger,myneighbor,aboyaroundmyageasked,“What’sthis?”“It’sapapertiger.Mymummadeit!”Irepliedproudly.“Yourmummakesyoutoysfromrubbish?”hecriedindisbelief.IhadneverthoughtofTigerasthat.Lookingatitnow,IfoundTiger’sbodypatched(修補(bǔ))alloverwithtape.IhidTigerinmypocketsheepishly.Thenextdayatschool,theotherchildrenwhisperedastheystaredatme.“Doyoureallyplaywithrubbish?Don’tyouhaveanynormaltoys?”Someoneshouted.Thechildrenroaredwithlaughter.Itriedtoslipawaybutfelltotheground.WhenIgothome,IputTigerandallthepaperanimalsintoabigboxandhiditintheattic(閣樓).WhenIsawMum’snewcreation,apapergiraffe,Iknockeditintothebin.Ishoutedather,“I’mnotababyanymore!”Fromthatdayon,Mum’screationsstoppedappearingonthebreakfasttable.Yearslater,whilepreparingforourclassgraduationphotoshoot,someonesuggestedposingwithatreasuredchildhooditem.Ithensearchedtheatticforoneandsawtheboxofoldpapertoys.Iopeneditwithcare.AsIheldTiger,IrecalledouradventuresandhowIhadputitasidesocarelessly.Apangofguiltcrowdedinonme.WhenIreceivedmygraduationphoto,IplaceditonMum’sdressingtablewithanote,“I’msorryIthrewthepapergiraffeawayandthanksforeverything!”Laterthatday,Isawthephotoinourfamily’sdisplaycabinet.Nexttothephotowasanewaddition—apapergiraffe.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sheepishly”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Embarrassedly. B．Guiltily. C．Proudly. D．Disappointedly.25．Howdidtheauthor’smotherreacttohisoutburst?A．Sheputthepapertoysintheattic.B．ShefoldedanotherpapergiraffeC．ShesecretlythrewTigerintothebin.D．Shestoppedmakingpapertoysforhim.26．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A．Hemanagedtokeepcalmwhenbeinglaughedat.B．Hismotheracceptedhisapologyintheend.C．Heenjoyedcreatingpapertoyswithhismom.D．Hismothermadepapertoystosupportherfamily.27．Whatmessagewouldtheauthorliketoconveyinwritingthetext?A．Amother’sloveisneverexhausted.B．Oneshouldn’tbeashamedtoadmitmistakes.C．Lovelooksnotwiththeeyes,butwiththemind.D．Noonewilllaughatapersonwhogoesallout.【答案】24．A25．D26．B27．A【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的媽媽用包裝紙給作者制作紙質(zhì)玩具，在被同學(xué)嘲笑后，作者很羞愧并告知媽媽不要再做了；多年以后，作者認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己的錯(cuò)誤并給媽媽道歉，媽媽原諒了作者并制作了紙質(zhì)的長(zhǎng)頸鹿玩具。24．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Yourmummakesyoutoysfromrubbish?”hecriedindisbelief.IhadneverthoughtofTigerasthat.Lookingatitnow,IfoundTiger’sbodypatched(修補(bǔ))alloverwithtape.（你媽媽用垃圾給你做玩具？他難以置信地大喊道，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)有這樣地老虎。現(xiàn)在，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了紙老虎的身體上面貼滿了膠帶）”可知聽(tīng)到同學(xué)的嘲笑，作者羞愧地把紙老虎藏起來(lái)。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Fromthatdayon,Mum’screationsstoppedappearingonthebreakfasttable.（從那天起，媽媽的作品不再出現(xiàn)在早餐桌上。）”可知她不再給他做紙玩具了。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““I’msorryIthrewthepapergiraffeawayandthanksforeverything!”Laterthatday,Isawthephotoinourfamily’sdisplaycabinet.Nexttothephotowasanewaddition—apapergiraffe.（對(duì)不起，我把紙長(zhǎng)頸鹿扔了，謝謝你所做的一切!后來(lái)，我在家里的陳列柜里看到了這張照片。照片旁邊是一個(gè)新添加的紙長(zhǎng)頸鹿。）”可知媽媽重新給作者制作了紙長(zhǎng)頸鹿，可知他的母親最后接受了他的道歉。故選B。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““I’msorryIthrewthepapergiraffeawayandthanksforeverything!”Laterthatday,Isawthephotoinourfamily’sdisplaycabinet.Nexttothephotowasanewaddition—apapergiraffe.（對(duì)不起，我把紙長(zhǎng)頸鹿扔了，謝謝你所做的一切!后來(lái)，我在家里的陳列柜里看到了這張照片。照片旁邊是一個(gè)新添加的紙長(zhǎng)頸鹿。）”媽媽原諒了作者并重新給作者制作了紙長(zhǎng)頸鹿，可知母愛(ài)是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)枯竭的。故選A。C（2022·山西·高三期末）Salesofelectricvehicles（EVs）grewby40percentlastyearworldwide.IntheUS,nearlyathirdofdriverswanttheirnextcartobeelectric.Almost100pureelectricvehiclesaresettobelaunchedbytheendof2024.Manymanufacturers,includingGM,Jeep,andVolvo,havepromisedtoofferfullyelectriclistsbeforethisdecadeisdone.ThoughsomeEVsarestilleyewateringlyexpensive,plentyofotherEVsareevenmoreaffordable.WhenassessingthecostofanEV,keepinmindthatmanystatesofferadditionalbuyingpaymentifyou'reswitchingtoanelectricvehicle.Somemodelswillevenqualifyyouforafederaltaxcreditofupto$7,500.Thentherearethelongtermsavings.AtypicalEVownerspendslessthanatraditionalcarowneronvehicleservices.OnereasonisthatEVsdon'thavetransmissionsorclutches,twoofthecostliestpartstorepair.EVsgowithouttheclassicvroom（加速時(shí)發(fā)出的嗚嗚聲）weexpecttohearwhenwefloorit.Thatquietnesscancatchpedestriansoffguardandstrikessomedriversasterrible.That'swhyseveralelectricautomakershaveturnedtosounddesignerstocopythesedesiredenginenoises.Youcanrunanelectriccarthroughacarwashwithoutworry.Thewaterwillnotdamageanyoftheelectricalponentsorthebatterybecausethesesystemsarespeciallysealedtopreventwaterentry.Whatyoudoneedtowatchoutfor,however,isextremecoldorheat.BothwillaffectthebatteryandreduceanEV'srange.WhileEVsproducefarfeweremissionsthanconventionalcarsdo,theyaren'twithoutenvironmentalinfluence.Coalisstillburnedtocreatetheelectricitythatchargesthem.AndEVproductionisemissionintensive（密集排放型）.SopowersystemsneedtobeecarbonfreeandEVbatteriesneedtofullybeerecyclablebeforeEVscanbetrulyemissionfree.28．WhatcanweknowaboutEVsfromParagraph1?A．Theirtrendisuncertain. B．Theirfutureispromising.C．Theirproducersaredeclining. D．Theirpurestonesarelaunched.29．WhichaspectencouragespeopletobuyEVs?A．Lackofexpensiveparts. B．LongtermfreerepairfeesC．Thegovernment'ssupport. D．Theadditionalbuyingpayment.30．WhatshouldpeoplepayspecialattentiontowhendrivingtheEVs?A．Quietpassersby. B．Thewaterdamage.C．Theextremetemperature D．Batteries'shortlife.31．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleofthepassage?A．RecyclableElectricalVehiclesWinMarketsB．DrivingElectricalVehiclesWillBemonC．ElectricalVehiclesAreWithinReachintheUSD．KeepCurrentwithFactsAboutElectricVehicles【答案】28．B29．C30．C31．D【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了電動(dòng)汽車的最新情況。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Salesofelectricvehicles（EVs）grewby40percentlastyearworldwide.（去年全球電動(dòng)汽車的銷量增長(zhǎng)了40%。）”以及“Almost100pureelectricvehiclesaresettobelaunchedbytheendof2024.Manymanufacturers,includingGM,Jeep,andVolvo,havepromisedtoofferfullyelectriclistsbeforethisdecadeisdone.（到2024年底，將有近100輛純電動(dòng)汽車上市。包括通用汽車(GM)、吉普(Jeep)和沃爾沃(Volvo)在內(nèi)的許多制造商都承諾在這十年結(jié)束前提供完整的電動(dòng)汽車清單。）”可知，電動(dòng)汽車去年很暢銷，銷量增加了40%，目前有很多車企計(jì)劃十年之內(nèi)提供全電力的電動(dòng)汽車，可以說(shuō)電動(dòng)汽車是非常有市場(chǎng)前景的，故選B項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“WhenassessingthecostofanEV,keepinmindthatmanystatesofferadditionalbuyingpaymentifyou'reswitchingtoanelectricvehicle.Somemodelswillevenqualifyyouforafederaltaxcreditofupto$7,500.（在評(píng)估電動(dòng)汽車的成本時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住，如果你轉(zhuǎn)用電動(dòng)汽車，許多州會(huì)提供額外的購(gòu)買(mǎi)費(fèi)用。有些型號(hào)甚至可以讓你享受最高7500美元的聯(lián)邦稅收抵免）”可知，如果你要換成電動(dòng)汽車，許多州都會(huì)提供額外的購(gòu)買(mǎi)費(fèi)用。有些車型甚至可以讓你獲得高達(dá)7500美元的聯(lián)邦稅收抵免。政府的支持在鼓勵(lì)人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)電動(dòng)車方面起了很大作用，故選C項(xiàng)。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Whatyoudoneedtowatchoutfor,however,isextremecoldorheat.BothwillaffectthebatteryandreduceanEV'srange.（然而，你需要注意的是極端的寒冷或炎熱。這兩者都會(huì)影響電池，并縮短電動(dòng)汽車的續(xù)航里程）”可知，極冷或者極熱都是人們駕駛電動(dòng)汽車時(shí)需要特別注意的地方，故選C項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Almost100pureelectricvehiclesaresettobelaunchedbytheendof2024.Manymanufacturers,includingGM,Jeep,andVolvo,havepromisedtoofferfullyelectriclistsbeforethisdecadeisdone.（到2024年底，將有近100輛純電動(dòng)汽車上市。包括通用汽車(GM)、吉普(Jeep)和沃爾沃(Volvo)在內(nèi)的許多制造商都承諾在這十年結(jié)束前提供完整的電動(dòng)汽車清單。）”說(shuō)明電動(dòng)汽車是非常有市場(chǎng)前景的；后文提到了電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)的受歡迎度，并對(duì)目前形勢(shì)進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析，D項(xiàng)：KeepCurrentwithFactsAboutElectricVehicles（了解有關(guān)電動(dòng)汽車的最新情況）表示“了解有關(guān)電動(dòng)汽車的最新情況”，更符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)D（2022·遼寧·東北育才學(xué)校高三期末）Anewtypeofrechargeablebatterycanrapidlyproducechargesinlargequantitiesevenat70°Celsius,atemperaturewherethetypicallithiumion(鋰離子)batteriesthatpowermanyoftoday'sdevicesdon'twork.BatteriesthatbearsuchextremelycoldconditionscouldhelpbuildelectronicsthatfunctioninsomeofthecoldestplacesonEarthoronotherplanets.Insidelithiumionbatteries,ionsflowbetweenpositiveandnegativeelectrodes(電極),wheretheionsarefixedandthensetfreetotravelbackthroughasubstancecalledanelectrolyte(電解質(zhì))totheotherend.Asthetemperaturedrops,theionsmoveslowlythroughtheelectrolyte.Thecoldalsomakesithardforlonstogetridoftheelectrolytematerialthatsticksontothem.Astheycrossthebattery,ionsmustcastthemattertofitintotheelectrodematerial,explainsabatteryresearcheratFudanUniversity.At40℃,conventionallithiumionbatteriesdeliverabout12percentofthechargetheydoatroomtemperature;at70℃,theydon'tworkatall.Thenewbatterycontainsaspecialkindofelectrolytethatallowsionstofloweasilybetweenelectrodeseveninthebittercold.Theresearchersalsofittedtheirbatterywithelectrodesmadeoforganicpounds(有機(jī)化合物)ratherthanthetypicaltransitionmetalrichmaterials.lonscanflowfreelyinthisorganicmaterialwithouthavingtogetridoftheelectrolytematerialattachedtothem.Sotheseorganicelectrodescatchandreleaseionsmoreeasilythanelectrodesinnormalbatteries,evenatlowtemperatures,Dongsays.Becausetheionsflowbetterandconnectmorereadilywiththeelectrodesatlowtemperatures,thenewbatterykeepsabout70percentofitsroomtemperaturechargingcapacityevenat70℃.Still,batterycellsinthenewdesignpacklessenergypergramthanstandardlithiumionbatteries,saysShirleyMeng,amaterialscientistinCalifornia.Shewouldliketoseewhetheramoreenergydense(能量密度高的)versionofthebatterycanbebuilt.32．WecanlearnfromParagraph1thatthenewbattery___________.A．isappliedtomostoftheelectronics B．canworklongerthanlithiumionbatteriesC．willreplacelithiumionbatteriesinthefuture D．makesusingelectronicspossibleinextremecold33．Whyistemperaturethekeyfactorforlithiumionbatteriestoworkwell?A．Becauseit'shardforionstofitintoelectrodesatlowtemperatures.B．Becauseelectrolytescan'tconductelectricityinthecold.C．Becauseelectrodesareunstableintoohottemperatures.D．Becauselonsdon'tmoveatlowtemperatures.34．What'stheadvantageofelectrodesmadeoforganicpounds?A．Containingmoreions. B．Makingionsmoreactive.C．Makingthebatteryrechargeable. D．Castingmoreelectrolytematerials.35．Moreeffortswillbemadetowardsimprovingthenewbatterysothatitcan___________.A．havealongerlife B．carrymoreenergy C．chargemorequickly D．beeasiertoget【答案】32．D33．A34．B35．B【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型蓄電池在低溫情況下也能迅速產(chǎn)生大量電荷，這將有助于在地球上最冷的地方或其他行星上建立電子設(shè)備。【詳解】32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“BatteriesthatbearsuchextremelycoldconditionscouldhelpbuildelectronicsthatfunctioninsomeofthecoldestplacesonEarthoronotherplanets.”(能夠承受如此極端寒冷條件的電池可以幫助在地球上最冷的地方或其他行星上建立電子設(shè)備。)可知，這種新型電池使得在極度寒冷的環(huán)境下使用電子設(shè)備成為可能，故選D。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Insidelithiumionbatteries,ionsflowbetweenpositiveandnegativeelectrodes(電極),wheretheionsarefixedandthensetfreetotravelbackthroughasubstancecalledanelectrolyte(電解質(zhì))totheotherend.Asthetemperaturedrops,theionsmoveslowlythroughtheelectrolyte.Thecoldalsomakesithardforlonstogetridoftheelectrolytematerialthatsticksontothem.Astheycrossthebattery,ionsmustcastthemattertofitintotheelectrodematerial,explainsabatteryresearcheratFudanUniversity.At40℃,conventionallithiumionbatteriesdeliverabout12percentofthechargetheydoatroomtemperature;at70℃,theydon'tworkatall.”(在鋰離子電池內(nèi)部，離子在正極和負(fù)極之間流動(dòng)，離子在正極和負(fù)極之間被固定，然后通過(guò)一種叫做電解質(zhì)的物質(zhì)回流到另一端。隨著溫度的降低，離子在電解液中緩慢移動(dòng)。寒冷也使得電解質(zhì)很難被清除。復(fù)旦大學(xué)的一位電池研究人員解釋說(shuō)，當(dāng)離子穿過(guò)電池時(shí)，它們必須將物質(zhì)投射到電極材料中。在零下40攝氏度時(shí)，傳統(tǒng)的鋰離子電池只能提供室溫下12%的電量，而在零下70攝氏度時(shí)，它們根本不能工作。)可知，隨著溫度的降低，離子在電解液中緩慢移動(dòng)，且鋰離子電池內(nèi)部的電解質(zhì)很難清除，所以離子很難流動(dòng)到另一端，由此可以推斷出，之所以說(shuō)溫度是鋰離子電池工作良好的關(guān)鍵因素，這是因?yàn)榈蜏厍闆r下離子很難進(jìn)入電極。故選A。34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theresearchersalsofittedtheirbatterywithelectrodesmadeoforganicpounds(有機(jī)化合物)ratherthanthetypicaltransitionmetalrichmaterials.Ionscanflowfreelyinthisorganicmaterialwithouthavingtogetridoftheelectrolytematerialattachedtothem.Sotheseorganicelectrodescatchandreleaseionsmoreeasilythanelectrodesinnormalbatteries,evenatlowtemperatures,Dongsays.”(研究人員還給他們的電池安裝了由有機(jī)化合物制成的電極，而不是典型的富含過(guò)渡金屬的材料。電子可以在這種有機(jī)物質(zhì)中自由流動(dòng)，而不需要去除附著在其上的電解質(zhì)?！八约词乖诘蜏叵拢@些有機(jī)電極比普通電池的電極更容易捕捉和釋放離子，”董說(shuō)。)可知，有機(jī)化合物制成的電極的好處就是使得離子更加活躍，能自由流動(dòng)，故選B。35.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Still,batterycellsinthenewdesignpacklessenergypergramthanstandardlithiumionbatteries,saysShirleyMeng,amaterialscientistinCalifornia.Shewouldliketoseewhetheramoreenergydense(能量密度高的)versionofthebatterycanbebuilt.”(加利福尼亞材料科學(xué)家ShirleyMeng說(shuō)，盡管如此，新設(shè)計(jì)的電池每克電量比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋰離子電池要少。她想看看是否能制造出更高能量密度的電池。)可知，需要更加努力地改進(jìn)這種新電池，以便它能夠攜帶更多能量，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2022·北京朝陽(yáng)·高三期末）Humansstartdevelopingasenseofhumourasearlyassixweeksold,whenbabiesbegintolaughandsmileinresponsetostimuli(刺激物).Laughterandhumourprovidepsychologicalscientistswithrichresourcesforstudyinghumanpsychology.Theoriesfocusingontheevolutionoflaughterpointtoitasanimportantadaptationforsocialmunication.Forexample,in1950,aU.S.soundengineerstartedrecordinghisown‘laughtracks’.Thesewereintendedtohelppeopleathomefeelliketheywereinasocialsituation.Heevenrecordedvarioustypesoflaughter.36．Inonestudy,carriedoutin2016attheuniversityofCalifornia,samplesoflaughterfrompairsofEnglishspeakingstudentswererecordedandplayedtolistenersfrom24diversesocieties.37．Onaverage,theresultswereremarkablyconsistent:worldwide,people’sguesseswerecorrectapproximately60%ofthetime.AnotherstudybyresearchersofAustralianNationalUniversitywasbasedontheassumptionthathumourmightprovideapausefromdullsituationsintheworkplace.38．Theresearchersfirstaskedthestudentstocrossouteveryinstanceoftheletter‘e’overtwopagesoftext.Thestudentsthenwererandomlyassignedtowatchavideoclip.SomewatchedaclipoftheBBCedyMr.Bean,andothersafactualvideoaboutthemanagementprofession.Thestudentsthenpletedataskrequiringpersistenceinwhichtheywereaskedtoguessthepotentialperformanceofemployeesbasedonprovidedprofiles,andweretoldthatmaking10correctassessmentsinarowwouldleadtoawin.39．StudentswhohadwatchedtheMr.Beanvideoendedupspendingsignificantlymoretimeworkingonthetask,makingtwiceasmanypredictionsastheothergroup.40．Again,participantswhowatchedthehumorousvideospentsignificantlymoretimeworkingonthisboringtaskandpletedmorequestionscorrectlythanstudentsfromtheothergroup.Traditionally,individualsareadvisedtoavoidthingssuchashumourthatmaydistractthemfromtheacplishmentoftaskgoals.However,humouractuallyhelpsrelievestressandfacilitatesocialrelationships.Itisnotonlyenjoyablebutmoreimportantly,energizing.A．Participantswereaskedwhetherthepairswerefriendsorstrangers.B．This‘mentalbreak’mightfacilitatetheadditionofmentalresources.C．Theresearchersthenhadparticipantspletelongmultiplicationquestionsbyhand.D．Ateammadeupof30psychologicalscientistsplayedtheserecordingstodifferentpeople.E.However,thesoftwarewasprogrammedthatitwasimpossibletoachieve10correctanswers.F.Researchershavealsofounddifferenttypesoflaughterserveascodestoplexhumanbonds.G.Hefoundoutasimple‘haha’municatesaremarkableamountofsociallyrelevantinformation.【答案】36．G37．A38．B39．E40．C【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)介紹幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，告訴我們幽默有助于緩解壓力，促進(jìn)社會(huì)關(guān)系。幽默不僅令人愉快，更重要的是，讓人充滿活力。36．由上文“Heevenrecordedvarioustypesoflaughter.”(他甚至記錄了各種笑聲。)可知，此處描寫(xiě)了一個(gè)美國(guó)音響工程師記錄了各種笑聲，所以空處應(yīng)該是描述記錄各種笑聲的結(jié)果，G選項(xiàng)“Hefoundoutasimple‘haha’municatesaremarkableamountofsociallyrelevantinformation.”(他發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的