Module1Travel

Unit3

Languageinuse1.talkaboutthetravelexperiences

?howyoutravelled

?howlongthejourneytook

?howyoufeltaboutit2.TosummariseandconsolidatetheuseofarticlesandnumbersObjectiveImportantpoints:名詞冠詞數(shù)詞Difficultpoints:正確使用冠詞下列句子中出現(xiàn)了哪些詞性的詞呢？1.IwenttoseemygrandparentsinHenanProvince.2.HewenttostaywithhisfamilyintheUK.3.Wetouredthecitybybusandbytaxi.4.SeeyouattheSpringFestival.5.ThisisSeat12A,butyoushouldbeinCar9.代詞動(dòng)詞介詞名詞冠詞連詞數(shù)詞名詞名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。一、名詞的分類1.根據(jù)其意義分：名詞專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞(1)專有名詞專有名詞類別例詞人名、頭銜或者尊稱MarkTwain;ProfessorLi;AuntSally國(guó)名，地名，山河名China,Beijing,MountTai團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)，會(huì)議theUnitedNations,GroupofTwenty(G20)星期，月份或節(jié)日Saturday,January,SpringFestival由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞theSummerPalace,theGreatWall(2)普通名詞普通名詞類別定義例詞特征可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的名詞表示一群人或一些事物的名詞，是不可分割的整體chair,school有單、復(fù)兩種形式people,police本身表示復(fù)數(shù)概念表示無(wú)法分成個(gè)體的物質(zhì)或材料的物體paper,water表示品質(zhì)、感情、狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作等抽象概念的名詞happiness,love無(wú)單、復(fù)數(shù)之分2.根據(jù)其形式分：名詞簡(jiǎn)單名詞復(fù)合名詞具有單獨(dú)的意思的，并不是由別的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞組合而成,也沒(méi)有復(fù)雜的前后綴等，如：man,moon派生名詞由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的意義相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的詞，如：bookshop,sunrise由詞根加派生詞綴構(gòu)成的名詞，如：movement,teacher二、名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(1)規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化形式類別一般情況變化規(guī)則在名詞詞尾直接加-s讀音例詞在清輔音后讀/s/在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/在t后，一起讀/ts/在d后，一起讀/dz/desks,booksideas,applescarrots,catsbeds,hands類別以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾變化規(guī)則在詞尾加-es讀音例詞讀作/?z/以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞，先變y為i，再加-esbuses,boxeswatches,wishesboy-boysholiday-holidays以y結(jié)尾的名詞以"元音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞，直接在詞尾加-s讀作/?z/讀作/z/baby-babiesparty-parties類別變化規(guī)則讀音例詞以"輔音字母+o"結(jié)尾的名詞，多數(shù)情況下在詞尾加-esradio-radioszoo-zoos以-o結(jié)尾的名詞以"元音字母+o"結(jié)尾的名詞，一般在詞尾加-s讀作/z/讀作/z/hero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞一般先將f或fe變?yōu)関，再加-es讀作/vz/leaf-leavesknife-knives(2)不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化形式例詞1.改變內(nèi)部元音2.在詞尾加-(r)en3.單復(fù)同行4."某國(guó)人"的復(fù)數(shù)形式foot-feet,mouse-mice,man-menchild-childrenfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep①

中國(guó)人、日本人不變Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese②

英國(guó)人、法國(guó)人把man變成menEnglishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen③

其他一般加-sRussian-Russians,German-Germans情況(3)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化例詞1.通常在主體名詞上加-s2.如果沒(méi)有主體名詞，在

最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加-s3.有些名詞作定語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)

合名詞時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都

變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式passer-by-passers-by過(guò)路人boyfriend-boyfriends男朋友情況grown-up-grown-ups

成年人

manteacher-menteacherswomandoctor-womendoctors1.用much,alotof,some,little,alittle

修飾

不可數(shù)名詞，表示量的多少。(1)Thereissome

breadonthetable.(2)Wehavealotofhomeworktoday.(3)Thereismuch

waterinthebottle.(4)Hedoes

little

houseworkathome.2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(1)Ihaveapieceof

bread.(2)Therearethreeglassesof

orangejuiceonthetable.(3)Twobottlesof

waterareinthebox.2.用不定冠詞/數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞，表示具體的量。常用的量詞有cup,glass,bottle,piece等。

量詞既可與不可數(shù)名詞連用，也可與可數(shù)名詞連用，如：twobagsofapples。三、名詞的所有格名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，有-'s所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格。示例一般情況下在名詞詞尾加-'s以-s或-es結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，直接在其后加"'"不以-s結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，直接在其后加-'sPhilip'sfather,Bill'sschool,Marx'sworks's所有格的構(gòu)成thestudents'readingroommyfriends'hometownmen'sclothesthechildren'sbooks在復(fù)合名詞的詞尾加-'sthewomandoctor'sson(1)'s所有格的構(gòu)成表示幾個(gè)人共有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞的末尾加"'s"或"'"；如果表示分別擁有，則在每個(gè)名詞后都加"'s"或"'"。①ThiswomanisTomandJack'smother.這位女士是湯姆和杰克的母親。（兩人共有）這些是湯姆和杰克的自行車。（兩人分別擁有）②TheseareTom'sandJack'sbikes.(2)of所有格的構(gòu)成：名詞+of+名詞①FromthegateoftheschoolIcanseemyhouse.我從學(xué)校的大門口可以看到我的家。遇到麻煩時(shí)，我通常征求朋友們的建議。②Whenintrouble,Iusuallyaskfortheadviceofmyfriends.(3)雙重所有格的構(gòu)成：

of+-'s所有格/名詞性物主代詞①Johnisafriendofmyfather's.約翰是我父親的一位朋友。你表妹的這只小貓真可愛(ài)。②Thislittlecatofyourcousin'sisreallycute.of前的名詞是picture、photo等時(shí)用of所有格和雙重所有格意義有別。①apictureofmymother我媽媽（本人）的一張照片我媽媽（擁有）的一張照片②apictureofmymother's四、名詞的句法功能名詞的句法功能指名詞可以充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，常?jiàn)的有：(1)主語(yǔ)①

Theflighttakesaboutthirteenhours.航程需要大約13個(gè)小時(shí)。王老師教我們英語(yǔ)。②MrWangteachesusEnglish.(2)賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)anypeoplearehelpingtheoldmanwhenIpassed.我路過(guò)的時(shí)候，許多人在幫助這位老人。最近他對(duì)國(guó)際象棋產(chǎn)生了很大的興趣。②Hehasbecameveryinterestedinchessrecently.(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)WeallcallhimXiaoLi.我們都叫他小李。(4)表語(yǔ)Myyoungerbrotherisapoliceman.我弟弟是警察。(5)同位語(yǔ)MrWang,myneighbour,hasboughtanewcar.我的鄰居王先生買了輛新車。(6)呼語(yǔ)Tom,comeandplaygameswithus.湯姆，來(lái)和我們玩游戲吧。冠詞冠詞是虛詞，用于名詞之前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞不能脫離名詞單獨(dú)使用，不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分。

冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。英語(yǔ)中不用冠詞的情況也稱零冠詞。分類形式基本用法示例不定冠詞定冠詞零冠詞a,anthe用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表泛指用于單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前，表特指名詞前不加冠詞acatanapplethepen,thebuses,thewaterinthebottlebytrain/一、不定冠詞的用法不定冠詞a和an的區(qū)別anappleanartteacheranegganhouranelderbrotheranengineeraboy

ateacheracomputeraunitafootballteamahouse[b??][?ti:t??(r)][k?m?pju:t?(r)][?f?tb?:l][?ju:n?t]

[ha?s]

[??pl][eg][?a??(r)][ɑ:t][?eld?(r)][?end???n??(r)]如果名詞以_________開(kāi)頭，則用冠詞an。如果名詞以_________開(kāi)頭，則用冠詞a。

輔音音素元音音素/ɑ://?://?://i://u:/

/?/ /?/ /?//?/ /?/ /e/ /?//e?//a?//??//??/ /e?/ /??/ /??/ /a?/

/p/ /t/ /

k/ /f//θ//s//b/ /d/

/g/ /v/ /e/

/z/

/?/ /h//ts /t?//tr/

/?/ /

r/

/dz/

/d?/ /dr/

/m/ /n/

/?/

/j//w//

?/

Vowelsound元音（20個(gè)）Consonantsound輔音（28個(gè)）不定冠詞的用法示例1.表示數(shù)量"一"的概念atable,anEnglishlecture2.泛指某人或某物A

maniswalkingneartheriver.3.表示"類別"，泛指一類

人或事物A

horseisausefulanimal.4.表示"每一"的概念I(lǐng)exercisethreedaysa

week.5.用于某些專有名詞前A

Mr.Smithwantstoseeyouthisafternoon.6.用于序數(shù)詞前，表示

"又一，再一"Wouldyoulikea

secondchance?7.用于某些固定搭配中alittle,afew,onceuponatime三、定冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法示例1.用于特指或指代雙方都

知道的人或事物Openthewindow,please.2.用于指代上文提到的人

或事物Thereisaboyunderthetree.TheboyiscalledTony.3.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，

表示一類人或事物Thetigerisadangerousanimal.4.用于獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前Theearthgoesaroundthesun.5.用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名

詞前，表示"全家人"TheGreensarewatchingTV.定冠詞的用法示例6.用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞最

高級(jí)或起特定作用的比

較級(jí)前Hewasthefirsttogettotheschool.It'sthebiggestthemepark.Heisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.7.用于形容詞或分詞前，

表示一類人或事物Herjobistolookafterthesick.8.用于表示演奏的樂(lè)器類

名詞前Heplaystheguitarintheschoolband.9.用于某些固定搭配中allthetime,bytheway,attheageof,withthehelpof1.Shallweinvitethemtohavedinnerwithus?

2.It'sabout40minutesbybus.3.There'ssomethingwrongwithmy

computer.

Annie's

bicycleisbroken.4.Women'sDayisontheeighthofMarch.

5.Itwillstartat2p.m.onSunday,21April.一日三餐by與交通工具名詞連用時(shí)名詞前已有物主代詞或名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)在一些節(jié)假日前月份星期三、零冠詞的用法數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。1.基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞2.數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞用來(lái)表示精確的數(shù)量?！?～12的基數(shù)詞: zeroone

twothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve★13-19為對(duì)應(yīng)的個(gè)位數(shù)單詞(或變形)后加-teen:

thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen★20-90的整十基數(shù)詞以-ty結(jié)尾:

twentythirtyforty

fiftysixtyseventyeightyninety★21～99的之間非整十基數(shù)詞是由十位數(shù)和個(gè)數(shù)為中間加連字符"-"構(gòu)成。 26twenty-six99ninety-nine★101～999的三位數(shù)，百位數(shù)和后面的數(shù)之間用連詞and。

103a/onehundredandthree 225twohundredandtwenty-five★多位數(shù) 1,000,000—a/onemillion 1,000,000,000—a/onebillion 15,240,763—fifteenmillion,twohundredandfortythousand,sevenhundredandsixty-three1,000,000,000billionmillionthousand巧記基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞不難記，找出規(guī)律更容易。零至十二樣各異，一個(gè)一個(gè)單獨(dú)記。后加-teen變十幾，thirteen、fifteen看仔細(xì)。十八需要特殊記，eighteen只有一個(gè)t。二十到九十加-ty，twenty、eighty重點(diǎn)記。forty沒(méi)有字母u，thirty、fifty更出奇。寫(xiě)到幾百幾十幾，and把百與十系。巧學(xué)妙記加努力，hundred是你的好成績(jī)。序數(shù)詞用來(lái)表示順序?！?/p>

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成。 four+th→fourth seven+th→seventh ten+th→tenth★

有些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)，有特殊的變化。 one→first two→second three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth★

整十的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞尾y變成ie，然后再加-th。 twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth forty→fortieth ninety→ninetieth★21-99的非整十基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，僅將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 twenty-one→twenty-first thirty-five→thirty-fifth ahundredandfifty-three →ahundredandfifty-thirdonetwothreefourfivesixseveneightninetenfirst

second

third

fourthfifth

sixth

seventh

eighth

ninth

tenth

1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th

10theleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentyeleventhtwelfth

thirteenth

fourteenth

fifteenth

sixteenth

seventeenth

eighteenth

nineteenth

twentieth11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th基數(shù)詞&序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞twenty-onetwenty-twotwenty-threethirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyhundredtwenty-first

twenty-second

twenty-third

thirtieth

fortieth

fiftieth

sixtieth

seventieth

eightiethninetieth

hundredth

21st22nd23rd

30th40th

50th60th70th80th90th100th基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞基變序，很容易，結(jié)尾加上-th；一二三，特殊記，結(jié)尾各是t、d、d；八去t，九去e，ve要用f替；整十變化需注意，去掉y加-ieth；若想表示幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以。英語(yǔ)中數(shù)詞可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。數(shù)詞的用法(1)主語(yǔ)①

Twoplusnineiseleven.二加九等于十一。第二個(gè)是你的。②Thesecondisyours.(2)作賓語(yǔ)①-Howmanyballsdoyouhave?-Ihavethree.—你有多少個(gè)球？—我有三個(gè)。我借給了他第三個(gè)。②Ilenthimthethird.(3)作定語(yǔ)①Therearethirtystudentsinourclass.我們班有三十個(gè)學(xué)生。第一個(gè)人是史密斯先生。②ThefirstmanisMr.Smith.(4)作表語(yǔ)①-What'sthetime?-It'sten.—幾點(diǎn)了？—10點(diǎn)。杰克是第一個(gè)到校的人。②Jackisthefirsttoreachschool.(5)作狀語(yǔ)First,openthebook;second,readthesentences.首先打開(kāi)書(shū)；然后讀句子。當(dāng)表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，hundred,thousand,million,billion不能使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意當(dāng)"hundred,thousand,million,billion"的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接of短語(yǔ)，表示數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)這樣的泛指，則用復(fù)數(shù)。其前不加具體數(shù)詞。twohundredstudentshundred,thousand,million及billion的用法thousandsofpeople以下部分為課本練習(xí)，供老師在對(duì)答案時(shí)選擇使用。Completetheconversationwitha,an,theorzeroarticlewherenecessary.P61A:I'mreallylookingforwardto(1)________summer

holiday.We'retaking(2)_______tripto(3)_______Paris!B:Howwonderful!It's(4)______interestingandbeautiful

city.Howlongwill(5)______flighttake?A:Theflighttakesabout(6)______hour.Whenwearrive,

wewillgettoourhotelby(7)_______bus.(8)_______

hotelisrightin(9)_______centreof(10)_______city,so

wecanvisitallthefamousplaces.B:Areyouplanningtovisit(11)________LouvreMuseum?A:Yes,weare.thea/anthean/ThethethetheUnderlinethecorrectwords.1

Childrenhavetogotoschool/theschoolwhen

theyaresixyearsold.2I'mateacheratschool/theschoolonthecorner.3He'sgotalovelygarden.Flowers/Theflowersinitarereallybeautiful.4Makesureyougettotheairportintime/inthe

time

foryourplane.P625-HowmanyCDshaveyougot?-Onlyfew/afew.6That'smost/themostinterestingnewsI'veheardforalongtime.7HowlonghaveWhites/theWhiteslivedhere?Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthebox.1

Shehadanimportantmeetingthatafternoon,soshehadtotakeanearlier________.2Pleasetakeyour________.3SamwentwithJanetotherailway________toseeheroff.4Itiswonderfulto________thestreetsofthecity.5FlightKA846fromHongKong________fiveminutesago.6"Pleasehaveyourtickets________,"saidtheticketofficer.flightflightlandedreadyseatstationtourP73seatstationtourlandedreadyCompletethesentenceswiththeexpressionsinthebox.1

Theywillnotarriveontime___________thebadweather.2EveryoneinChinais_________________seeingtheirfamilymembersduringtheSpringFestival.3Liedownonyourbedand_______________________.4Thejourneywas______________excitingexperiences.5__________youcancomebysix,Iwillbehere.P74aslongasbecauseof

fulloflookingforwardtomakeyourselfcomfortablebecauseoflookingforwardtomakeyourselfcomfortablefullofAslongasListenandcompletethenotes.P7512911,1991,247241,1191,18920Tapescript12345&678Workinpairs.LookatthenotesyouhavemadeinActivity5.Talkabout:Whichflighttakesalongertime?Whichflightismoreexpensive?P76Readthepassage.Concordecouldcarryonehundredpassengersandflewfasterthanthespeedofsound.ManypeoplethinkConcordewasoneofthegreatestplanes.ButnowConcordeisjustpartofhistory.Fortwenty-sevenyears,passengerstravelledacrosstheAtlanticOceanonthisplane.Mostofthemwerebusinesspeople,filmstars,rockstarsandsportsheroes.Flyingatmorethantwicethespeedofsound,ConcordetookpeoplefromLondonorParistoNewYorkinjustoverthreehours.P87TheinventionofConcordewasahugestepforward.Theplanewaslikeatimemachine.IfConcordeleftLondonat10:30am,itarrivedinNewYorkatabout8:30am(1:30pmLondontime)thesameday.

However,theplanehadmanyproblems.Itwasverynoisy.Somebelievedthatitsnoisewasbadfortheenvironment,andthatitcouldhurtpeople'sears.Inaterribleacci