PAS1882:2021

Datacollectionandmanagementfor

automatedvehicletrialsforthepurposeofincidentinvestigation-Specification

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CentreforConnected&AutonomousVehicles

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Publishingandcopyrightinformation

TheBSIcopyrightnoticedisplayedinthisdocumentindicateswhenthedocumentwaslastissued.

◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021.

PublishedbyBSIStandardsLimited2021.

ISBN9780539125108

ICS43.040.10;43.040.01

NocopyingwithoutBSIpermissionexceptaspermittedbycopyrightlaw.

Publicationhistory

FirstpublishedMarch2021

PAS1882:2021

Contents

Foreword ii

0Introduction iv

1Scope 1

2Normativereferences 2

3Terms,definitionsandabbreviations 3

4Datasources 6

5Datainterfaces,securityandthird-partyaccesstodata 20

6Informationmanagement 22

Annexes

AnnexA(informative)Recommendationsforadditionalinformation 24

AnnexB(informative)Backgroundcontexttoincidentinvestigation 30

AnnexC(informative)Controlandinformationdiagram 31

Bibliography 33

Listoffigures

Figure1-ExampleCAVtrialIMPcontrolandfeedbackmodel 8

Figure2-Datarecordingduringtrials 11

Figure3-Diagramindicatingtheaccelerationaxiscoordinates 15

FigureA.1-IllustrativeexamplesofA.8d)throughA.8f)inclusive 26

FigureC.1-Physicalitems(plants) 31

FigureC.2-Controllingentities 31

FigureC.3-Controlsandcontrolactions 32

FigureC.4-Informationsources 32

FigureC.5-Informationflow 32

◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021I

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Foreword

ThisPASwassponsoredbytheUK'sCentreforConnectedandAutonomous

Vehicles(CCAV).ItsdevelopmentwasfacilitatedbyBSIStandardsLimitedanditwas

publishedunderlicencefromTheBritishStandardsInstitution.Itcameintoeffect

on31March2021.

AcknowledgementisgiventoLucyPeglerandNicolaKyleofBurgesSalmon,StevenReedandRuthWelshofLoughboroughUniversityand

MarkNicholsonoftheUniversityofYorkasthe

technicalauthors,andthefollowingorganizationsthatwereinvolvedinthedevelopmentofthisPASasmembersofthesteeringgroup:

·AxaInsurance

·Bosch

·BurgesSalmon

·CentreforConnectedandAutonomousVehicles(CCAV)

·DriverandVehicleStandardsAgency(DVSA)

·FiveAl

·FusionProcessingLtd

·HighwaysEngland

·LoughboroughUniversity

·NationalCentreforCyberSecurity(NCSC)

·Oxbotica

·OxfordshireCountyCouncil

·SocietyofMotorManufacturersandTraders(SMMT)

·StreetDroneLtd

·ThatchamResearch

·TRL

·UniversityofYork

·WayveTechnologiesLtd

·WMG,UniversityofWarwick

·ZurichInsurance

AcknowledgementisalsogiventothemembersofawiderreviewpanelwhowereconsultedinthedevelopmentofthisPAS.

TheBritishStandardsInstitutionretainsownership

andcopyrightofthisPAS.BSIStandardsLimitedasthepublisherofthePASreservestherighttowithdraworamendthisPASonreceiptofauthoritativeadvicethatitisappropriatetodoso.ThisPASwillbereviewedatintervalsnotexceedingtwoyears.

ThisPASisnottoberegardedasaBritishStandard.

Itwillbewithdrawnuponpublicationofitscontentin,oras,aBritishStandard.

ThePASprocessenablesaspecificationtoberapidlydevelopedinordertofulfilanimmediateneed

inindustry.APAScanbeconsideredforfurther

developmentasaBritishStandard,orconstitutepartoftheUKinputintothedevelopmentofaEuropeanorInternationalStandard.

Relationshipwithotherpublications

PAS1882hasbeendevelopedaspartofawider

programmesponsoredbyCCAVinconjunctionwith

theDepartmentforTransport(DfT),theDepartment

forBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategy(BEIS),

InnovateUKandZenzic.ThisPASisintendedforusebyorganizationsconductingautomatedvehicletrials.Itisinformativeforotherstakeholdersincludingemergencyservices,insurers,legalserviceproviders,androad/

highwaysauthorities.ThisPASisintendedtobereadinconjunctionwith:

●PAS1881,PAS1883,PAS1885,PAS11281,

BS10754-1,theCodeofPractice:AutomatedVehicleTrialling(2019)andtheCollisionDeformation

ClassificationCodeSAEMAR80J224CDC;and

·currentlegislationwhichappliestothetestingofautomatedvehiclesonUKroads.

ii◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021

PAS1882:2021

Informationaboutthisdocument

Thispublicationcanbewithdrawn,revised,partially

supersededorsuperseded.InformationregardingthestatusofthispublicationcanbefoundintheStandardsCatalogueontheBSIwebsiteat/

standards,orbycontactingtheCustomerServicesteam.

Wherewebsitesandwebpageshavebeencited,theyareprovidedforeaseofreferenceandarecorrectatthetimeofpublication.Thelocationofawebpageorwebsite,oritscontents,cannotbeguaranteed.

Useofthisdocument

IthasbeenassumedinthepreparationofthisPASthattheexecutionofitsprovisionsshallbeentrustedto

appropriatelyqualifiedandexperiencedpeople,forwhoseuseithasbeenproduced.

Presentationalconventions

TheprovisionsofthisPASarepresentedinroman

(i.e.upright)type.Itsrequirementsareexpressedin

sentencesinwhichtheprincipalauxiliaryverbis"shall".

Commentary,explanationandgeneralinformative

materialispresentedinsmalleritalictype,anddoesnotconstituteanormativeelement.

Wherewordshavealternativespellings,thepreferredspellingoftheShorterOxfordEnglishDictionaryisused(e.g."organization"ratherthan"organisation").

Inparticular,attentionisdrawntothefollowingspecificregulations:

·TheRoadTrafficRegulationAct1984[1]

·ThePoliceandCriminalEvidenceAct1984[2]

·TheCriminalJustice(Scotland)Act2016[3]

·TheRoadVehicles(ConstructionandUse)Regulations1996[4]

·TheRoadTrafficAct1988[5]

·TheGeneralDataProtectionRegulation(EU)2016/679asitformspartofthelawofEnglandandWales,

ScotlandandNorthernIrelandbyvirtueofsection3oftheEuropeanUnion(Withdrawal)Act2018[6]

·TheDataProtectionAct2018[7]

●TheAutomatedandElectricVehiclesAct2018[8]

·ThePrivacyandElectronicCommunicationsDirective[9]

·HealthandSafetyatWork,etc.Act1974[10]

·ControlofSubstancesHazardoustoHealthRegulations2002(COSHH)[11]

·TheWorkplace(Health,SafetyandWelfare)Regulations1992[12]

·TheManagementofHealthandSafetyatWorkRegulations1999[13]

·TheProvisionandUseofWorkEquipmentRegulations1998(PUWER)[14]

●ReportingofInjuries,DiseasesandDangerousOccurrencesRegulations2013(RIDDOR)[15]

·CorporateManslaughterandCorporateHomicideAct2007[16]

Contractualandlegalconsiderations

ThisPubliclyAvailableSpecificationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthenecessaryprovisionsofacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.

CompliancewithaPubliclyAvailableSpecification

cannotconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.

◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021iii

PAS1882:2021

0Introduction

0.1Background

Incidentinvestigationsareanintegralpartofsafety

managementforsafety-criticaltechnologies.While

theapproachtoincidentinvestigationinaviation,

railandmarineissystems-focused,theapproachto

incidentinvestigationonUKroadshas,todate,focusedonthedriverandvehicle.1)Therapidadvancements

intechnologyandtheadventofautomatedvehicles

introduceanopportunityforamoresystems-based

approachtotheinvestigationofincidentsonUKroads.

Thedevelopmentofautomatedvehicletechnologiesandautomatedvehicletrialshasthepotentialto

overhaulincidentinvestigationthroughtheprovisionofanadditionalandreliableinformationsource.Thevastquantitiesofinformationcollectedbyautomatedvehiclescouldsignificantlyassistwithcriminaland

civilinvestigations,but,vitally,automatedvehicles

canalsoprovideavaluablesourceofinformationforfact-findingsafetyinvestigations.

Incidentinvestigationsarebasedoninformation

collectedabouttheincident.Thetechnological

advancesinautomatedvehiclesmeanthatthereis

anunprecedentedpoolofinformationavailabletosupporttheadoptionofasystems-basedapproachtoincidentinvestigationinautomatedvehicletrials.

TheinformationrequirementsforincidentinvestigationsetoutinthisPAShavebeendevelopedspecificallyforautomatedvehiclesbeingtrialledonpubliclyaccessiblesites(i.e.alllandwherethepublichasaccess).

AnnexAsetsoutrecommendationsforadditional

informationthatforaTOtoaimtocollect,where

reasonablypracticable.Theaimoftheannexis

toencourageamovetowardsbestpractice.The

informativeannexlistsrecommendationsbasedonthecurrentframeworkforincidentinvestigationonUK

roads.TheTOcanchoosewhetherornottocollecttheinformationidentifiedinthisannex.

TheUKgovernmentremainscommittedtosupportingTOsandthetriallingofautomatedvehicles,and

itisrecognizedthatthecostofcollectionofdatashouldnotplaceanexcessiveburdenonTOs.

SeparatingthecorerequirementsfromtheadditionalrecommendationsrecognizesthatnotallTOswouldbeabletomeetthefullsetofrequirements.Thetwo-layerstructureofthePASismeanttoencourageTOstowardsbestpracticewithoutplacingonthemrequirements

thatwouldbetooburdensome.

ThePASalsotakesintoaccountthatatthistimethereisnoindependentaccidentinvestigationbranchforhighways.

0.3Contextonincidentinvestigation

ThisPASisaimedatencouragingbestpractice.

ThisPASoperatesseparatelyfromtheexistingincidentoraccidentinvestigationprocesseswhichapplywherethereisanincidentoraccidentonthepublicroads.

BackgroundcontextontheseprocessesissetoutinAnnexB.

0.2StructureofthePAS

ThisPASisseparatedintotwosections:

●Normativerequirements(Clause4toClause6)

Clause4toClause6setouttherequirementsfortheinformationthataTriallingOrganization(TO)needstocollectorexplicitlyjustifynotcollectinginatrial'sinformationmanagementplan.Therequirements

aredeemedessentialtothesafeoperationofthe

automateddrivingsystem;thisincludesinformationthesystemorTOmightreceive,generateorholdbutisnotusedforthedirectoperationofthevehicle.

·InformativeAnnexA

ThisPASsetsoutinformationthatmightberelevanttoanincidentinvestigationthatseekstoascertainthecauseoftheincident.ThisPASisnotanexhaustive

statementoftheinformationthatmightberelevanttoanincidentinvestigationandTO'sneedtobeawarethatadditionalinformationmightberequested.An

incidentinvestigationconductedbyanauthoritywithstatutorypowertoconductsuchinvestigationsis

entirelyseparatetothepurposeofthisPAS.

1C.JacksonandN.Kyle,“RACFoundation:AHighwaysAccidentInvestigationBranch-WhatLessonsCanBeLearntfromthe

RailIndustryandtheCullenInquiry?",April2018.[17]

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1Scope

ThisPASspecifiesrequirementsforthecollection,

curation,storageandsharingofinformationduringautomatedvehicletrialsandadvancedtrialsinthe

UKinrelationtoinformationcollectedorreceivedbythetrialsystem.ThisPAScoversallautomatedand

co-operativeautomateddrivingvehicletrialsonanylandwithpublicaccess.

Therequirementsrelatetodatadeemedessentialtotheoperationoftheautomateddrivingsystem(ADS).ThisalsoincludesinformationthesystemorTriallingOrganization(TO)mightreceve,generateorholdbutwhichisnotusedforthedirectoperationof

thevehicle.

Inadditiontothemainrequirements,thePASincludesrecommendationsforadditionalinformationfora

TOtoseektocollect,ifpossible.

TheaimofthePASistopromoteconsistencyin

informationcollectionacrossTOswhereverpracticableandtoimprovesafetyacrossalltrialsbeingundertakenintheUK.

ThisPASbuildsontherequirementsofPAS1881,

Assuringthesafetyofautomatedvehicletrialsand

testing-Specification,whichprovidethesafetycase

frameworkforsuchtrialsbysupportingoperational

safetyassurancethroughthedevelopmentof

informationrequirementsforincidentinvestigation.

ThisPASrecognizesthatdevelopmentsinautomated

vehicletechnologiesandassociatedinformationcapturehavethepotentiatoanswerkeyquestionsinfact-

findingsafetyinvestigation,including,forexample:

·Whatweretheelementsofthesystemandthesystemboundaryatthetimeoftheevent?

·Wasthevehicleoperatingwithinitsoperationaldesigndomain(ODD)?

·Whatwastheinternalstateofthevehicle?Wereanycapabilitiesfailedordegraded?

·Whatwasthestateofexternalsourcesof

information/control?Wereanycapabilitiesfailedordegraded?

·Wasthesystemsubjecttoactivesecurityattack?

·Whendidthesystemrealizethataneventwasabouttooccur?Howdiditbecomeaware?

·Whatfunctionswereactiveatthetimeoftheevent?

·Whatactorwasinchargeofthevehicleatthetimeoftheevent?Whendidthelasthandoveroccur?

·Canthesystemprovidedetailabouthowthecrashoccurred?

·Whatweretheweatherconditionsatthetime?

·Whatwasthevehicle'sroadpositionatthetimeofftheevent?Whatlanewaseachvehiclein?

·Whatactionsdidthevehicleintendtotakenext?

·Whatwastheroadlayoutatthetime?

·Whichotherroaduserswerenearbyandwhatwerethoseroadusersdoing?

·Dideithervehicletrytoswerveorslamontheirbrakes?

·Howfastwaseachvehicletravelling?

●Wheredidthevehiclestravelaftertheincident?

·Wastheredebrisfromeithervehicleordamagedproperty?

·Werethereanyotherpersonsorvehiclesnearbywhomightbewitnesses?

ThisPASisintendedforusebyorganizations

conductingautomatedvehicletrials.Itisinformativeforotherstakeholdersincludingemergencyservices,insurers,legalserviceproviders,androad/highwaysauthorities.

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2Normativereferences

Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesprovisionsofthisdocument.2)Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,the

latesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.

BS10754-1,InformationTechnology-Systemstrustworthiness,governanceandmanagement-Specification

PAS1881:2020,Assuringthesafetyofautomatedvehicletrialsandtesting-Specification

PAS1883:2020,OperationalDesignDomain(ODD)taxonomyforanautomateddrivingsystem(ADS)-Specification

PAS1885,Thefundamentalprinciplesofautomotivecybersecurity-Specification

PAS11281,Connectedautomotiveecosystems-Impactofsecurityonsafety-Codeofpractice

Otherpublications

[N1]CENTREFORCONNECTEDANDAUTONOMOIUSVEHICLES,DEPARTMENTFORBUSINESS,ENERGY&INDUSTRIALSTRATEGYandtheDEPARTMENTFORTRANSPORT.GuidanceCodeofPractice:Automatedvehicletrialling,London:DfT,6February2019.

2DocumentsthatarereferredtosolelyinaninformativemannerarelistedintheBibliography.

2

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3Terms,definitionsandabbreviations

ForthepurposeofthisPAS,thefollowingterms,definitionsandabbreviationsapply.

3.1Termsanddefinitions

3.1.1automateddrivingsystem(ADS)

hardwareandsoftwarethatarecollectivelycapableofperformingtheentiredynamicdrivingtaskona

sustainedbasis,regardlessofwhetheritislimitedtoaspecificoperationaldesigndomain

NOTEThistermisusedspecificallytodescribeaLevel3,

4or5drivingautomationsystem.3)

3.1.2automatedvehicle

vehiclefittedwithanautomateddrivingsystem(ADS)thatusesbothhardwareandsoftwaretoperform

dynamicdrivingtasksassociatedwithmovingthevehiclewithinadefinedoperationaldesigndomain(ODD)

[SOURCE:PAS1881:2020,3.3]

3.1.3incident

occurrencewithinaspecifiedtimewindow

encompassingtheoperationofatrialinwhich:

a)atleastonepersonsustainsaninjurythatrequiresmedicalassistanceasaresultofbeinginthevehicle,directcontactwithanypartofthetrialvehicle

(includingpartswhichhavebecomedetached

fromthetrialvehicleorgassesbeingemittedby

thevehicle)orathirdpartyhavingtheiractions

adverselyaffectedbytheactionsofthetrialvehicle;and/or

b)atleastoneanimal(e.g.dogs,horses,livestock)isfatallyinjuredasaresultofbeinginthevehicle,

directcontactwithanypartofthetrialvehicle

(includingpartswhichhavebecomedetachedfromthetrialvehicleorgassesbeingemittedbythe

vehicle);and/or

c)thevehicle,othervehiclesorstationaryobjectssustaindamage

NOTE1Theterm"incident"hereisusedasan

encompassingterm.Sometimes,adistinctionismade

betweentheconceptofanaccidentandanincidentrelatingtothedegreeofharmcaused.Thedata

collectionandmanagementrequirementsinthisPAS

relatetoalleventsthatcauseatleastthespecified

degreeofharm.Therefore,forexample,deathorloss

ofvehiclearecoveredwithinthisdefinition.

NOTE2Differenttrialsencompassdifferenttime

windowsforthepurposesofthisPAS.Forexample:

·Avehicleonapublicroadwouldnotbesubjectto

thisPASwhenbeingdriventothetrialactivityusing

thedonorcar'snativecapabilities.Thetransition

ofthevehicleintoautomateddrivingforthetrial,

operationofthetrialandtransitionbacktothe

donorvehicle'snativecapabilitywouldbeincludedin

thetimewindowtowhichthisPASisapplicable.Any

disengagementandreengagementwithinthetrialactivityaresubjecttothisPAS.

·Atrialinvolvingspecialistvehiclessuchaspods

movingtoandfromthetrialsiteiscoveredbythis

PAS.Thepodmayberemotelyoperatedbyacontrolcentre.Ifitisbeingtransportedonatruck,being

traileredorbeingtowedanditssystemsarenotactive,thisactivityisnotcoveredbythisPAS.

NOTE3"Athirdpartyhavingtheiractionsadverselyaffectedbytheactionsofthetrialvehicle"relatesto

scenariossuchasasuddenunexpectedmanoeuvrebya

trialvehiclecausinganotherroadusertotakeevasiveactionwhichleadstoimpactandinjury.Damagetothe

adverselyaffectedthird-party'svehicleiscoveredunder

clauseitemc).

NOTE4"Damage"initemc)relatestodamagecausedasaresultofeitherlow-speedorhigh-speedevents.

Theinformationmanagementplanmightdefinealevel

ofdeminimisdamagethatisnotconsideredtobepart

ofanincident.Forexample,asmallpaintchipfrom

roaddebrismightbeconsideredoutsideofthisscope.

3.1.4incidentresponseplan

systematicanddocumentedmethodofapproachingandmanagingsituationsresultingincidents

3)SAElevelsasdefinedinthe"TaxonomyandDefinitionsforTermsRelatedtoDrivingAutomationSystemsforOn-RoadMotor

Vehicles”,J3016_201806.

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3.1.5information

datathatcanberelevanttoanincidentinvestigationincludingbutnotlimitedto:

a)written,electronic,photographicorotherrecords;

b)anydigitaldatafromanEventDataRecorder(EDR)and/oranyotherrecordingequipment,includingbutnotlimitedtovideoandaudiorecordingsystems;

c)datathatallowstheinternalstateofthe

autonomoussystemtobedeterminedtoexplaintheactionsofthevehicle;

d)anydatafromvehicle,infrastructure,sensor

equipment,geo-location,connectivityandremotecommandsystems;

e)anypersonal,personnel,medicalorothersimilarrecordordocument;and

f)anyotherdatawhichaninvestigatingstakeholderhasalegalbasistorequestfrom:

1)theTriallingOrganization(TO);

2)theoriginalequipmentmanufacturer(OEM);or

3)anyothermanufacturerorsupplierof

equipment,componentsorservicestotheTO

NOTERelevantinformationcanincludeinformation

createdbyand/orstoredbythirdparties.

3.1.10investigation

processconductedforthepurposeofincident

preventionwhichincludesthegatheringandanalysisofinformationandthedrawingofconclusions,includingdeterminationofcauses

NOTE"Causes"referstotheactions,omissions,eventsorconditions,oracombinationthereof,whichledto

theincident.

3.1.11metadata

datathatdefineanddescribeotherdata

3.1.12minimalriskmanoeuvre(MRM)

tacticaloroperationalmanoeuvretriggeredand

executedbytheuserortheADStoachievetheminimalriskcondition

[SOURCE:PAS1883:2020,3.1.8]

3.1.13nearmiss

eventthatdidnotresultininjury,illness,lossordamage,buthadthepotentialtodoso

[SOURCE:PAS1881:2020,3.14]

3.1.6informationmanagement(IM)

functionsofcontrollingtheacquisition,analysis,

curation,retrievalanddistributionofinformationallwithinaninformationmanagementsystem(IMS)

3.1.14stakeholder

person,groupororganizationthatcouldimpactorbeimpactedbythetrialand,forthepurposesofthisPAS,asidentifiedbytheTOinitsinformationmanagementplan

響

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC20944-1:2013,

,modified]

3.1.7informationmanagementmanual(IMM)

coherentandconsistentreferenceforaTO's

approaches,policesandprocedurestomanageincidentinformationfortheirtrialactivities

3.1.8informationmanagementplan(IMP)

planwhichsetsouttheinformationmanagementactivitiesthataretobeinplaceforincident

informationforagiventrial

3.1.15trial

seriesoftestsorassessmentsofperformance

3.1.16triallingorganization(TO)

organizationresponsiblefortheautomatedvehicletesting,trialorservicebeingprovided

[SOURCE:PAS1881:2020,3.25]

NOTEInaconsortium,theleadpartnermightassume

theroleof"triallingorganization".

3.1.9informationmanagementsystem(IMS)

informationsystemusedtocollect,curateandnavigate

incidentinformationforagiventrial

4◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021

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3.2Abbreviations

ABSanti-lockbrakingsystem

ADASadvanceddriver-assistancesystemADSautomateddrivingsystem

ADVadvanceddigitalvideo

AEBautomaticemergencybraking

AIBaccidentinvestigationbranch

CAVconnectedandautomatedvehiclesCCTVclosed-circuittelevision

CRASHcollisionreportingandsharingCRUDcreate,read,updateanddelete

DSSdatacollectionanddatastoragesystemDSSADautomateddrivingvehicles

EDReventdatarecorder

ESPelectronicstabilityprogrammeGPSglobalpositioningsystem

HVACheating,ventilationandairconditioningIMinformationmanagement

IMMinformationmanagementmanual

IMPinformationmanagementplanIMSinformationmanagementsystemLIDARlightdetectionandranging

MAPmobileapplicationpartprotocolMIBMotorInvestigationBureau

響

MDRmetadataregistry

3

MRCminimumriskcondition

MRMminimalriskmanoeuvre

ODDoperationaldesigndomain

電

OEMoriginalequipmentmanufacturerRAIDSroadaccidentin-depthstudy

SAESocietyofAutomotiveEngineersSPATsignalphaseandtiming

SRMslotrevisionmessage

SSMstandardsschedulemessageTOtriallingorganization

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4Datasources

COMMENTARYONCLAUSE4

ThedatasourcesandspecificationsinthisPASrelate

onlytothoserequiredforincidentinvestigation.

However,stakeholders,suchasthepoliceorrelevant

roadincidentinvestigationauthorities,mightdeem

thatanearmiss,orasetofnearmisses,aretobe

investigatedasiftheywereanincident.Asaresult,

triallingorganizationsshouldmakethedatacollectedinaccordancewiththisPASavailabletorelevant

stakeholders.Similarly,aTOmightdeclarethatan

eventisinvestigatedasifanincidenthadoccurred.

Thiscouldbeduetoanumberofrelatednearmissesorasaresultofaninternalinvestigationofasingleevent.

4.1Incidentresponseplan

4.1.1TheTOshallhaveanincidentresponseplanwhichaddresses,asaminimum:

a)policiesandproceduresfortriggeringand

undertakinginternalincidentinvestigationsandfortriggeringandundertakingincidentinvestigationsinvolvingstakeholdersrecognizingthatthereare

threetypesofinvestigations:criminalinvestigations,civilinvestigationsandsafetyfact-finding

investigations;

NOTE1Allanalysisundertakenforafact-findinginvestigationislikelytoberelevantandthus

disclosabletoanycivilorcriminalinvestigation.

Therefore,differentstakeholdersmightrequire

differentpoliciesandprocedures.

b)adetailedscheduleforinformationcollectionandmanagement;

c)themeansbywhichtheTOundertakesincidentinvestigation,includingappropriateanalysis

tools;and

d)theTO'sdefinitionofanearmisswhichshallbe

definedbyreferencetotheattributessetoutin

thisPASandinthetrialIMP.TheTOshallhaveaninvestigationplanfornearmisses.Itshallalsohav