重慶一中高屆高三高考適應(yīng)性考試最后一卷英語試題注意事項：．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthemandonext?A.anotherbus.B.Runtotheairport.C.Hurrytocatchthebus.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,canyoutellmewhenthenextbusleavesfortheairport?W:Itleavesinthreeminutes.Ifyourun,youmightcatchit.M:Thankyou.I’lltry.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】HowmanyOlympicGameseventsdidthewomanseeinParis?A.One.B.C.Three.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IjustgotbackfromtheOlympicGames.M:DidyouseetheW:No,Iwatchedtwoeventsonthefirstday,thenwentonatriptoversaandfinallycamebacktoParisforonemoreeventbeforereturninghome.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdothespeakerswanttodo?A.Helpwithdisasterrelief.第1頁/共27頁B.Donatemoneytopoorkids.C.Buildhomesforthehomeless.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Didyouknowthatearthquakeinthesouth?Manypeoplelosttheirhomes.W:andIsawkidscryingonTV.Maybewecouldmakeadonation.M:Iagree.Let’slookintowhatitemsaremostneededright4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whichqualitydothespeakersadmiredoctorsfor?A.Theirintelligence.B.Theirhardwork.C.Theirsocialstatus.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Ireallyadmiredoctors.Theydealwithmuchworkunderpressure.M:rightandtheyhavetostudyhardforyearstohelppeople.Theyreallyarepeoplewhomakeadifferenceintheworld.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhydoesMiamakeherowndresses?A.Shewantstobedifferent.B.Shehopestosavesomemoney.C.Shedesirestobeafamousdesigner.【答案】A【解析】原文】M:Whatabeautifuldress,Mea.Isitexpensive?W:ActuallyI’vestartedmakingmyowndresses.Thisisoneofthem.Ittakestime,butnooneelsehasthesamedress.M:couldbeaprofessionaldesignersomeday.第二節(jié)共小題每小題分滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。第2頁/共27頁6.Whyaregreenroofsdesignedaccordingtotheman?A.savematerials.B.reduceairpollution.C.lowertheuseofenergy。7.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Futureeducation.B.Environmentalprotection.C.Improvementsinpeople’slives.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】M:I’mgladthatpeoplecaremoreabouttheenvironmentthesedays.W:Theplanetneedsourhelp.M:Forexample,morebuildingsarebeingdesignedwithgreenroofsthathelpreduceenergyuse.W:Andmorepeopleareparticipatingincleanupdrivesandreducingplasticuse.M:andthepushtowardselectricvehiclesisgreatforreducingpollution.W:Alsoschoolsareteachingkidstoprotecttheenvironmentfromayoungage.It’sshapingfuturegenerationstocaremoreabouttheplanet.8.Whatisthemostlikelyrelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Goodfriends.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.9.Howdothespeakersfeelabouttherulesnow?A.Annoyed.B.Unconcerned.C.Grateful.10.Whatdidthespeakersbenefitfromsleepingearlyaccordingtotheman?A.Theywererefreshedforclasses.B.TheyspentlesstimewatchingTV.C.Theyachievedbettertimemanagement.【答案】8.C9.C10.A第3頁/共27頁【解析】【原文】M:Whenwewereyoung,Iusedtogetreallymadaboutsomeoftherulesathome,butnowIrealizedthattherulesweremeanttohelpus.W:right.M:RememberthattimewewenttowatchTVwithoutfinishingourhomework,weendedupbeingcriticized.Ithoughtitwasunfairatthetime.W:IfeltthesamewaywhenIwasforcedtoattendpianolessons,butnowIseeithelpedmedevelopdisciplineandskills.I’msohappyIdidit.M:alwayshadtogotobedearly,sowewerewellrestedforschool.W:Anddoyourememberhowweusedtoplainabouthelpingwithhousework?Butthatwashowwelearnedresponsibility.M:It’sinterestinghowweseethingsdifferentlyWhatdoesthemanusuallydofordinner?A.Hehasitinthecafeteria.B.Hebuysitonthewayhome.C.Hemakesitathomebyhimself.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandothisweekend?A.Preparesomeeggsforbreakfast.B.Bringhisfriendstoherhouse.C.Goouttodinnerwithher.13.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.pletehiswork.B.Gotoarestaurant.C.Callhisfriends.【答案】B12.B13.A【解析】【原文】M:Helen,doyouevergetatakeout?W:No,never.NormallywhenIgoouttoeat,Iliketositandenjoymyfood.M:That’sreallynice.IoftenhavetogettakeoutsespeciallywhenI’minghomelatefromwork.knowIdrivetoandfromwork,I’msohungrythatmostofthetimeIdon’treallymakeithome,soIhavetobuy第4頁/共27頁somethingontheway.ButinthemorningIsometimeshavemilkandeggsathome.Doyouoftenhavepeopleoverfordinner?W:Ireallylikecooking.SometimesIinvitemyfriendsoverandcookforthem.M:Ilovecookingtoo,buttheproblemisthatmyplaceisreallysmall.EventhoughIwouldlovetoinvitemyfriendsoverfordinner,Ineverdo.W:Ifyouwant,youcanetomyplacewithyourfriendstohavedinnerthisweekend.M:Great!Oh,lookatthesepilesofwork.Iwanttofinisheverythingquickly,sowecangoouttodinnertonight.Whatdoyouthink?W:Sure.14.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Intheteachers’B.Inaclassroom.C.Athome.15.WhatisthemaingoalofLetGrowprogram?A.developwellstructuredlessons.B.helpkidsdeveloplifeskills.C.letchildrengrowupsafely.16.HowdotheparentsreacttoLetGrowprogram?A.Theyarealwayshesitantanddoubtful.B.TheyfindtheprogramtoodifficulttoC.Theynoticeimprovementsintheirkids’behavior.17.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Endaspeech.B.aclass.C.Startaprogram.【答案】14.A15.B16.C17.B【解析】【原文】W:How’syourlastclass,BenJoe?M:Fine,I’vebeentryingtoencouragechildreninmyclasstobeindividualsandthinkforthemselves.W:Haveyouheardaboutletgrowprogram?I’mapplyingittomystudentsrecently.M:Whatisit?W:Theideaistohelpkidsdeveloplifeskillsbyallowingtheirmorefreedomtomaketheirowndecisionsand第5頁/共27頁learnfromtheirexperiences.M:Howdoesitwork?W:Theprogramoftenincludesactivitieslikelettingchildrenmanagesmalltasksathomeorevenorganizetheirownplaydates.Kidslearnbetterthroughreallifeexperiencesratherthanjuststructuredlessons.M:Soit’saboutsteppingbackandlettingkidsexploremoreontheirown.W:Exactlybyfacingsmallchallenges,kidsbuildconfidenceanddevelopproblemsolvingskills.Studiesshowthatkidswhotakepartandletgrowprogrambeemorecapableandbetteratdealingwithstress.M:Iwonderwhattheparentsthinkaboutit.W:Theysometimeshesitate.Whattheyoftenseepositivechangesoncetheystarttrustingtheirchildrenmore.Oh,thebellissounding.Ihavetoheadoutformynextclass.18.WhyisEnglishessentialinairaccordingtothetalk?A.Itcanreachmostflightattendants.B.Itisthestandardlanguageforflightequipment.C.Itensurespilotsandaircontrollersunderstandeachother.19.HowdoesEnglishscientificresearchaccordingtothetalk?A.Ithelpsresearchpublicationsexpandtheirinfluence.B.Itstopsresearchersfromwritingintheirmothertongue.C.Itisamustforattendinginternationalscientificconferences.20.HowmanyexamplesdoesthespeakermentiontotalkaboutEnglish?A.B.Three.C.Four.【答案】18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:Englishservesasawayforpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandculturestomunicateonthesamelevel.Thisisespeciallyimportantincertainprofessions.FirstlytakeairforexamplewhenpilotsandaircontrollersmunicatetheyneedtobeclearsinceEnglishisthestandardlanguageuseditpreventsmisunderstandingsandpromotesafety.SecondlyinthebusinessworldEnglishisequallyimportantmanyinternationalpaniesoperateinEnglishandprofessionalsworkinginglobalmarketsoftenneedtospeakandwriteinEnglisheffectivemunicationinEnglishcanopendoorstoopportunitiesacrossborders.Lastbutnot第6頁/共27頁leastinscienceEnglishisthemainlanguageforresearchpublicationsandconferencesresearcherspublictheirworkinEnglishtoreachaglobalaudienceandcontributetointernationalknowledge.InsummaryEnglishisnotjustalanguagebutatoolthatbridgesmunicationgapsinvariousessentialprofessionsmasteringEnglishcanadvantagesinbothyourcareerandpersonalgrowth.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題分滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACostcoisthenextbestoptionifyoudon’tfeellikecookingoreatingout.Thewarehouseclubstoreisfamousforsellingrestaurantquality,homemadetastingmeals,goodenoughtotrickeventhemostdiscernablefoodies.Hereare4Costcodessertsthattastejustlikehomemade.?SheetCakeThecakesareoneofthemosthighlyhypeditemsintheCostcobakery.“Thecakesarejustasgoodasexpensivebakeryeventcakesforpartiesandweddings.IfIwanttofeedtastycaketoacrowd,I’mfillingouttheformatCostcoandnotcallingacaterer,”writesoneRedditor.Theyeinvariousshapesandsizesandyoucancustomizethem.“Nocalendarneededforthem.”?CarrotCakeCostcoalotofseasonalitemsinthebakery,includingitsfamouscarrotcakeinthespring,whichshoppersgowildover.“Theircarrotcakeisamazing.Theapricotfillingisdeliciousandit’satruecreamcheesefrosting,notsomewhippedlight/creamcheese,”writesonefanoftheEasterfavorite.?CostcoPumpkinCheesecakeCostcocheesecakeisanotherwildlypopularitem,withflavorschangingseasonally.Pumpkincheesecakeisoneofthemostpopularflavors,analmost5pounditem.“Perfectdesserttobringtoaparty!Iloveit,”writesCostcoGuide,callingit“agreatdealforthequalityandtheamountyouget!”mentedafollower.?KeyLimePieIfyougetluckyandfindaKeyLimePieinthesummerseasonatyourlocalwarehouse,don’tsleeponit.“Summersaing,waitforit!!!!!”onepersonnoted,aboutthebakeryitemseveralpeopleswearisthebestthey’veeverhad.21.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.advertiseCostco’sgeneralproductrange.B.highlightpopulardessertsavailableatCostco.第7頁/共27頁C.pareCostcowithothergrocerystores.D.showpeople’sdifferenttastesforCostcodesserts.22.Whichdessertisavailableallyear?A.SheetCake.B.CarrotCake.C.CostcoPumpkinCheesecake.D.KeyLimePie.23.WhichofthefollowingisusedtoshowthefeaturesofCostcoproducts?A.Seasonalpromotions.B.Detailedingredients.C.Priceparisons.D.Customerreviews.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了好市多(Costco)四種像自制的甜點，包括蛋糕、胡蘿卜蛋糕、南瓜芝士蛋糕和青檸派，并給出了顧客對它們的評價?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hereare4Costcodessertsthattastejustlikehomemade.(以下是4種吃起來就像自制的好市多甜點)”以及后文對四種甜點的詳細(xì)介紹可知，文章主要目的是重點介紹好市多提供的受歡迎的甜點。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)?SheetCake部分中“ThecakesareoneofthemosthighlyhypeditemsintheCostcobakery.Theyeinvariousshapesandsizesandyoucancustomizethem.‘Nocalendarneededforthem.’(這種蛋糕是它們’)”可知，SheetCake全年都有。故選A項?！?3題詳解】?SheetCake部分中“‘Thecakesarejustasgoodasexpensivebakeryeventcakesforpartiesandweddings.IfIwanttofeedtastycaketoacrowd,I’mfillingouttheformatCostcoandnotcallingacaterer,’writesoneRedditor.(一位Reddit制蛋糕一樣好。如果我想給一群人提供美味的蛋糕，我會在好市多填單，而不是打電話給餐飲服務(wù)商’)”和?CarrotCake部分中“‘Theircarrotcakeisamazing.Theapricotfillingisdeliciousandit’satruecreamcheesefrosting,notsomewhippedlight/creamcheese,’writesonefanoftheEasterfavorite.(一位復(fù)活節(jié)熱打發(fā)的輕盈蓬松的奶油芝士’)”等可知，文章通過這些顧客評價來展示好市多產(chǎn)品的特點。故選D項。第8頁/共27頁BIn1996,linguistMarjaLiisaOlthuisfacedacrucialchoice:raisehernewborndaughterinFinnishorInariSámi,theendangerednativelanguageofhermunity.onlyafewhundredelderlyspeakersleft,Finnishseemedpractical,butOlthuisfearedherdaughtermightneverlearnherancestraltongueotherwise.HerdecisiontospeakInariS?miathomesparkedadecadeslongrevivalmovement.herdaughterSofiaisamong500speakersofalanguageonceonthebrinkofextinction—aremarkablejumpfromjust40youngspeakersinthe1990s.FortheInariSámiofFinland,languageisinseparablefromidentity.Swedishcolonizationweakeneditsculturalfoundation.Bythe1920s,newlyindependentFinlandintroducedpulsoryeducationpoliciesdiscouragingSámilanguages.ChildreninboardingschoolsfacedpunishmentforspeakingSámi.Bythe1990s,just350speakersremained,mostlyelders.lostnotjustwords,butstoriesandtraditions,”saysofInari’sSiidaMuseum.Foundedin1963,themuseumpreservedartifactsliketraditionalclothingbutstruggledtosavethespokenlanguage.Theturnaroundbeganwithgrassrootsefforts.In1997,activistslaunchedFinland’sfirstSámi“l(fā)anguagenest”—immersionpreschoolsmodeledafterMāoriprograms.Thesenestsletchildrenabsorbthelanguagethroughplayanddailyroutines.limitedteachersdelayedgrowth.Olthuis’sCASLEprogramtrainedadultstoteachanduseInariSámiinworkplaces,creatingarippleGraduatesopenedtwonewlanguagenestsandtranslatedchildren’sbooks,ensuringyoungergenerationscouldlearnnaturally.“Everylearnermatters,”saysOlthuis.isalsoplayingagrowingrole.entries,AIgrammarcheckers,andpartnershipswithuniversitiesaretorenewthelanguage.Forexample,anewappteachesvocabularythroughinteractivegames.Thoughchallengesremain,optimismwinsout.Radiobroadcasts,schoolprograms,andculturalfestivalsnowfeatureInariSámi.won’tlosethislanguage,”O(jiān)lthuisinsists.Fromkitchentablestoclassrooms,itsrevivalprovesthatevenlanguagesclosetodisappearingcanthriveagain—withdetermination,innovation,andprideinasharedheritage.24.WhydidOlthuischooseInariSámiforherdaughter?A.ensureherdaughter’sfluencyinFinnish.B.connectherdaughtertoherculturalheritage.Cprepareherdaughterforacademicsuccess.D.avoidbilingualparentingchallenges.25.HowdidFinnisheducationpoliciesSámispeakers?第9頁/共27頁A.Theyincreasedtheirnumbers.B.Theylimitedtheirchoices.C.Theypromotedtheirlanguage.D.Theypunishedtheminschools.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesOlthuis?A.Patientandunderstanding.B.Cautiousandconservative.C.Determinedandvisionary.D.Innovativeandidealistic.27.WhatroledoestechnologyplayintheInariSámirevival?A.ItmodernizesandfacilitatestheInariSámilearning.B.Itreplacestraditionalteachingmethodsentirely.C.Ithashardlyanysignificantimpactonit.D.Itfocusesondigitalstorageofthelanguage.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了伊納里薩米語復(fù)興過程及其與身份認(rèn)同的緊密聯(lián)系?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“In1996,linguistMarjaLiisaOlthuisfacedacrucialchoice:raisehernewborndaughterinFinnishorInariSámi,theendangerednativelanguageofhermunity.onlyafewhundredelderlyspeakersleft,Finnishseemedpractical,butOlthuisfearedherdaughtermightneverlearnherancestraltongueotherwise.(1996年，語言學(xué)家MarjaLiisaOlthuis面臨一個關(guān)鍵抉擇：用芬蘭語還是用其社區(qū)瀕臨滅絕的母語伊納里薩米語撫養(yǎng)剛出生的女兒。當(dāng)時僅剩數(shù)百名老年使用者，芬蘭語似乎更實用，但奧爾圖伊斯擔(dān)心，否則女兒可能永遠(yuǎn)學(xué)不會祖先的語言。)”可知，她選擇伊納里薩米語是為了讓女兒與文化遺產(chǎn)建立聯(lián)系。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ChildreninboardingschoolsfacedpunishmentforspeakingSámi.(寄宿學(xué)校的孩子們因說薩米語而受到懲罰。)”可知，芬蘭的教育政策通過懲罰說薩米語的學(xué)生產(chǎn)生影響。故選D?！?6題詳解】HerdecisiontospeakInariSámiathomesparkedadecadeslongrevivalmovement.()”及第三段中“Olthuis’sCASLEprogramtrainedadultstoteachanduseInariSámiinworkplaces,creatingaripple(奧爾圖伊斯的CASLE項目培訓(xùn)第10頁/共27頁成年人在工作場所教授和使用伊納里薩米語，產(chǎn)生了連鎖效應(yīng)。)”可知，她堅定且有遠(yuǎn)見。故選C?！?7題詳解】isalsoplayingagrowingrole.entries,AIgrammarcheckers,andpartnershipswithuniversitiesaretorenewthelanguage.Forexample,anewappteachesvocabularythroughinteractivegames.(技術(shù)也在發(fā)揮越來越大的作用。維基百科條目、人工智能語法檢查器以及與大學(xué)的合作都是更新語言的努力。例如，一款新應(yīng)用通過互動游戲教授詞匯。)”可知，技術(shù)使伊納里薩米語的學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代化并更便捷。故選A。CImaginediningatyourfavoriterestaurant,seatedatthebesttableinaquietcorner,perfectforaconversationwithyourpartner.Doyouthinkyou’denjoytheeveningmoreifyousatatthenicetablethewholetime,orifyouwereoccasionallysenttosomewherecrowdedandnoisy?Itseemsobvious:whowouldchoosethechaosoveralovelyspot?That’scertainlywhatintuition(直覺)suggests.Butit’swrong.Anicetableispleasant,butthejoyexperiencedduringthefirsthourfadesovertime.Thereason?Habituat?on.That’sourbrain’stendencytorespondlessandlesstothingsthatareconstant,thatdon’tchange.Aswegetusedtothepleasantaspectsofourlife,wenoticeandappreciatethemless.Unless,thatis,youbreakuptheexperience.Movingtothemorecrampedpartoftherestaurantforawhilewillcausedishabituation,makingtheluxuryofyourwindowseatmorenoticeable.Whataboutunpleasantexperiences?Iftaskedwithcleaningatoilet,wouldyouratherdoitinonegoortakelittlebreaksevery10minutes?Whenresearchersaskedpeoplewhethertheywouldlikeabreakfromsmellinganunpleasantsmellorjusthavethewholethingover,mostpreferredbreaks,believingtheywouldmakethetasklessupsetting.Actually,thebreakinterruptedtheirnaturalhabituationtotheunwelestimulus.Thelesson?Ifyouneedtopleteanunpleasanttaskitwouldprobablybewisenottodivideitup.Onceyoueback,thesmellwillbeworse,andtheexperiencedarkeroverall.There’ssomefolkwisdomreflectedhereperhaps.“Getitoveranddonewith”,or“pulltheBandAid”arefamiliar.Butalthoughthey’rethereinourlanguage,itseemswehaveahardtimeoveringourintuitionstothecontrary.Theresultsofpsychologicalexperimentsareclear,however,andbeingmindfulofhabituation’spowerfulcouldhelpusallexperienceabitlesspainandalittlemorepleasure.28.Whydoestheauthoraskreaderstoimagineinparagraph1?A.engagereaders’sensesandattention.第11頁/共27頁B.createconfusionaboutthetopic.C.remindreadersoftheirowndiningexperiences.D.explaintheconceptofhabituation.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cramped”meaninparagraph2?A.Spaciousandfortable.B.Frustratingandboring.C.Brightandcheerful.D.Crowdedandrestricted.30.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutpletinganunpleasanttask?A.frequentbreakstoreducestress.B.Finishitquicklywithoutinterruptions.C.Dootherthingstodistractyourself.D.Divideitupintosmallerpieces.31.Whichproverbbestreflectsthewisdomconveyedinthetext?A.Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.B.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.C.Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder.D.Asmoothseanevermadeaskilledsailor.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過餐廳就餐、清潔廁所等具體事例，論證“習(xí)慣化”效應(yīng)（持續(xù)刺激【28題詳解】Doyouthinkyou’denjoytheeveningmoreifyousatatthenicetablethewholetime,orifyouwereoccasionallysenttosomewherecrowdedandnoisy?(你認(rèn)為如果你整晚都坐在舒適的桌子旁，還是偶爾被送到擁擠嘈雜的地方，你會更享受這個晚上？)”，目的是通過具體情境調(diào)動讀者感官，吸引注意力，為后文討論“習(xí)慣化”現(xiàn)象做鋪墊。故選A項?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Doyouthinkyou’denjoytheeveningmoreifyousatatthenicetablethewholetime,orifyouwereoccasionallysenttosomewherecrowdedandnoisy?(你認(rèn)為如果你整晚都坐在舒適的桌子旁，還第12頁/共27頁是偶爾被送到擁擠嘈雜的地方，你會更享受這個晚上？)”以及第二段“Movingtothemorecrampedpartoftherestaurantforawhilewillcausedishabituation,makingtheluxuryofyourwindowseatmorenoticeable.(搬到餐廳更cramped的地方一段時間會導(dǎo)致去習(xí)慣化，讓你靠窗座位的奢華感更明顯。)”以及語境可知，此處cramped與前文“crowdedandnoisy”對應(yīng)，且與luxury形成對比，意為“擁擠狹小的”。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Ifyouneedtopleteanunpleasanttaskitwouldprobablybewisenottodivideitup.()”及第五段“Getitoveranddonewith(一鼓作氣完成它)”可知，作者建議不愉快的任務(wù)應(yīng)一次性完成，避免中斷加劇不適感。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章核心討論“習(xí)慣化”效應(yīng)：持續(xù)愉悅體驗會因習(xí)慣而減弱，短暫中斷C項“Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder(小別勝新婚/物離情更深)”體現(xiàn)短暫分離使美好體驗更深刻，與文中“中斷愉悅體驗可增強(qiáng)感知”的邏輯一致。故選C項。DPeoplearecryingoutforcleanair.Airpollutioncaused4.7millionearlydeathsworldwidein2021.Thisisaboutthesameasthebinednumberofdeathsfromdementia,roadtrafficaccidents,malaria,andsuicides.Roadisamajorsourceofairpollution.InLondon,forexample,itisresponsiblefor60%ofoutdoordust.Electricvehicles(EVs)areoftenpreferredbecausetheycanbepoweredbyclean,sustainableenergysourcesandproducenoexhaustsmoke(尾氣).However,EVsstillreleaseotherpollutantsthataremontoallcars.Thesepollutantsefrombrakes,tyres,androads,andtheycanalsobeharmfultohumanhealth.Themostdangerouspollutantsarethosesmallerthan2.5micronsindiameter.Thesetinybitscanenterthelungsandreachotherorgansthroughthebloodstream.Theycanincreasetheriskofheartdisease,stroke,lungdisease,andcancerAccordingtoBritishgovernmentstatistics,60%ofroadtrafficpollutantsbelow10micronsdonotefromburningfuel,butfromthegradualwearoftyres,brakepads,androads.OnestudypublishedbyresearchersattheUniversityofSouthamptonfoundthatsomebrakepaddustseemstobemoredamagingtohumanlungcellsthanpetrolsmokepollutants.ScientistsestimatethatEVsproducemoreofthesenonexhausttinypiecesthanothercars.Thisisbecausetheirbatteriesmakethemheavier,causingmorefriction.Moreover,theproductionofEVbatteriesisparticularlyproblematic.Miningforlithium,andotheressentialmineralsusedinbatteriesoftenresultsinsignificantenvironmentaldamage.Theseprocessescanleadtowaterpollution,soildamage,andthereleaseofharmfulpollutantsintotheair.Additionally,thedisposalofusedEVbatteriesposesasignificantchallenge.Ifnotmanagedproperly,theycanleakpoisonouschemicalsintothe第13頁/共27頁environment,causinglongtermpollution.TheenergysourceusedtochargeEVsiscrucialtoo.Iftheelectricityesfromcoalburningpowerplants,thepollutionismerelyshiftedfromthevehicle’sexhaustpipetothepowerplant’schimney.ThismeansthateventhoughEVsdonotemitexhaustsmokeduringoperation,theiroverallenvironmentalimpactdependsheavilyonhowtheelectricityisgenerated.32.What’samajorsourceofpollutantsfromEVs?A.Exhaustsmoke.B.Fuelburning.C.Brakepadsandtyres.D.Powerplantemissions.33.WhydoEVsproducemorenonexhaustpollutants?A.Theyusemoresustainableenergysources.B.Theirheavierbatteriescausemorefriction.C.Theirbrakesandtyreswearoutfaster.D.Theyrelyoncoalburningpowerplantsforcharging.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.EVsarepletelypollutionfree.B.EVsareknownfortheirextraweight.C.EVs’powersourcemattersforpollution.D.Nonexhaustpollutantsareeasiertocontrol.35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CleanEnergy:TheFutureforCarsB.ModernEnvironmentalChallengesC.HealthRisksfromAirPollutionD.TheHiddenPollutionofElectric【答案】32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過具體數(shù)據(jù)和研究，客觀介紹電動汽車雖然不排放尾氣，但是在剎車片、輪胎磨損、電池生產(chǎn)和電力來源等方面仍存在污染問題，揭示其隱藏的環(huán)境影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,EVsstillreleaseotherpollutantsthataremontoallcars.Thesepollutantsefrombrakes,tyres,androads,andtheycanalsobeharmfultohumanhealth.(第14頁/共27頁會釋放出所有汽車都有的其他污染物。這些污染物來自剎車、輪胎和道路，也可能對人類健康有害。)”可知，電動汽車的主要污染物來源是剎車墊和輪胎。故選C項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ScientistsestimatethatEVsproducemoreofthesenonexhausttinypiecesthanothercars.Thisisbecausetheirbatteriesmakethemheavier,causingmorefriction.(科學(xué)家估計，電動汽車比其他汽車產(chǎn)生更多這類非尾氣微小顆粒。這是因為它們的電池更重，導(dǎo)致更多摩擦。)”可知，電動汽車因電池更重產(chǎn)生更多摩擦，從而導(dǎo)致非尾氣污染物更多。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheenergysourceusedtochargeEVsiscrucialtoo.Iftheelectricityesfromcoalburningpowerplants,thepollutionismerelyshiftedfromthevehicle’sexhaustpipetothepowerplant’schimney.(給電動汽車充電的能源來源也至關(guān)重要。如果電力來自燃煤發(fā)電廠，污染只是從車輛的排氣管轉(zhuǎn)移到發(fā)電廠的煙囪。)”可推斷，電動汽車的能源來源對污染情況有重大影響。故選C項。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章圍繞電動汽車的隱性污染展開，指出其雖無尾氣排放，但存在剎車輪胎磨損、電池生產(chǎn)及能源來源等污染問題，如“EVsstillreleaseotherpollutants(電動汽車仍會釋放其他污染物)theproductionofEVbatteriesisparticularlyproblematic(電動汽車電池的生產(chǎn)尤其成問題)”等。所以D項“TheHiddenPollutionofElectric電動汽車的隱性污染)”最能概括全文核心，為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)broadensyourhorizons,butitdoessobyshrinkingyourworld.Irecentlycheckedintoahotellessthanamilefrommyhouse.Itwasn’tfancy,butasIenteredtheroom.Ifeltasenseofrelief.Itwasn’twhatthehotelthatmademehappy,butwhatitlacked—mess.Athome,messcandepressme.releasesmefromit.____36____Themagicoftravelstartsbeforeweleavehome.TheidealluggageisbigenoughtoholdnearlywhatIneed,butnotenoughforeverything.Thisleadstoasimpleyetessentialrule.____37____DoIreallyneedallthosesweaters,orwillonedo?getridofextrathingsforthesamereasonhotairballoonistsunloadweight—tosoarhigher.____38____Itreflectsourdesiretobreakfreefromtheburdenofendlessdecisions.Lessmeansfewerchoices.manychoicescanconfuseusandrobusofhappiness.helpscontrolthosechoices.Lifeonthe第15頁/共27頁roadissimplerandmoremanageable,whichiswhyIfinditappealing.isamindgame.mayfeelmoreromanticinParisormorerelaxedinRiodeJaneiro,butthosecities,wonderfulastheyare,can’ttakeallthecredit.So,whythetransformation?____39____Theunfamiliarsurroundingssimplyprovidetheperfectbackdropforyourmindtowanderfreely.Everythingyouexperiencewhiletravelingcouldalsobeexperiencedathome,butit’smuchharder.arelikeracehorses,focusedahead.Agoodjourneyislikeapairofshades,keepingusfixedonwhatmatters.____40____AsJamesnoted,“Theessenceofgeniusisknowingwhattooverlook.”Thiswisdomcanhelpusfindcontentmentontheroad.A.Escapingfromchaosistravel’struegift.B.Packlight—itforcesmetochoosecarefully.C.Thisactofchoiceisthefirststeptowardanewpath.D.Thesimplicityismoreaboutpsychologythanspace.E.blocksoutlife’sdistractionsandsharpensourfocus.F.Byclearingphysicalmess,wesubconsciouslygainmentalmess.G.Realchangeshappenbecauseyougiveyourselfpermissiontofeelthatway.【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.G40.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章論述了旅行的好處，如讓人擺脫雜亂、簡化選擇、帶來心理變化、幫助集中注意力等?！?6題詳解】上文“Athome,messcandepressme.releasesmefromit.()”A選項“Escapingfromchaosistravel’struegift.(逃離混亂是旅行真正的饋贈)”與上文呼應(yīng)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行讓人擺脫雜亂這一好處，上下文邏輯緊密。故選A項?！?7題詳解】上文“TheidealluggageisbigenoughtoholdnearlywhatIneed,butnotenoughforeverything.Thisleadstoasimpleyetessentialrule.(理想的行李要大到能裝下我?guī)缀跛璧臇|西，但又裝不下所有東西。這就引出了一個簡單而重要的規(guī)則)”提到行李裝不下所有東西，需要遵循一定規(guī)則。B選項“Packlight—itforcesmetochoosecarefully.(輕裝上陣——這迫使我謹(jǐn)慎選擇)”與上文銜接，說明因為行李空間有限，所以要輕裝，也就是要謹(jǐn)慎選擇攜帶的物品，句中“Packlight”與上文行李裝不下所有東西相呼應(yīng)。故選B項?！?8題詳解】第16頁/共27頁下文“Lessmeansfewerchoices.manychoicescanconfuseusandrobusofhappiness.helpscontrolthosechoices.Lifeontheroadissimplerandmoremanageable,whichiswhyIfinditappealing.(東西越少意味著選擇越少。太多的選擇會讓我們困惑，剝奪我們的幸福。旅行有助于控制這些選擇。旅途中的生活更簡單、更易管理，這就