"InternationalSymposiumonUrbanBiodiversityand

SustainableDevelopment(AsiaRegion)"

“城市生物多樣性與可持續(xù)發(fā)展”亞洲區(qū)域研討會(huì)

Beyondurbanparks:Integratingresidentialgreenspaceto

addressspatialgreenspaceinequality

ChuanbaoJing

SchoolofEcologyandEnvironmentalScience

YunnanUniversity

Email:chuanbaojing@163.com

2023.10.28

1

ResearchBackground

Urbangreenspace(UGS)providesnumerousbenefitstohumanhealth

CoolingeffectsAnxiety

Obesity

Circulatorydisease

Greenspaceinequality

Healthdisparity

(Bigsbyetal.2013)

SDG11：Providinguniversalaccesstogreenspaceforurbanresidents

ResearchBackground

Typesofgreenspaceinurbanareas

Streettrees

Productivegreenspace

Urbanpark

Particularlyimportantforhumanhealth

Importantrecreationalgreenspace

Residentialgreenspace

2

Long-timeexposure

ResearchBackground

ThetwoUGSsarecomplementaryintheirbenefitstohumanhealth

BothtypesofUGSsprovidesimilarservices

Suchcomplementarityisamplifiedduringthepandemicsandfortheelderly.

MoreresidentsvisitresidentialgreenspacesasanalternativetoparksduringCOVID-19.

(Khalilnezhadetal.2021;Poortingaetal.2021)

Olderadultsmayrelymoreonresidentialgreenspacethanpark

(Wang&Chang.2023)

Acomprehensiveunderstandingofresidentialgreenspacesandurbanparksisfundamentallynecessarytonarrowgreenspaceinequality.

3

(EkkelanddeVries2017)

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ResearchBackground

Studiesofgreenspaceinequalityhavelargelyfocusedonaccessibilitytourbanparks

Spatialinequalityof

parkbasedon

accessibility

California

(Dahmannetal.，2022）

Shanghai

(Wei，2017)

Beijing

(Jingetal.，2022）

Spatialdisparities(fromurban

centerstofringes)aredifferent

acrosscities.

Higheraccessibilityindowntownareas:

Shenyang,Shanghai(China)andSeoul(SouthKorea)

Higheraccessibilityinurbanfringe:

BaltimoreandNewYork(USA),

Hannover(Germany),Varanasi(India)

ResearchBackground

Spatialinequalityofresidentialgreenspace

DisparitiesamongdifferentSpatialvariations

socialgroups(e.g.,income,race)

Beijing

Leipzig（Germany）

Advantagedgroupshavemoreresidentialgreenspace

(Zhangetal.2021)

(Yanetal.2019)

(Haaseetal.2019)

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Spatialvariationsinresidentialgreenspacessignificantlycontributetospatialgreenspaceinequality.

6

ResearchBackground

WhensimultaneouslyconsideringthetwoUGSs,differentspatialequalitymayappear

Spatialcomplementarityforresidents

1km

Whereurbanparksareinaccessible,thereis

alternativeresidentialgreenspacesfortheseresidentstoaccesstoobtainUGSservices

LittleisknownaboutgreenspaceinequalitywhentwoUGSsarebothconsidered

Researchquestions:

Whatarethedifferencesinspatialgreenspaceinequalitywhenbothparksandresidentialgreenspacewasconsidered?

Doparksandresidentialgreenspaceexhibitspatialcomplementarity?

Researchframework

Measuringtheaccessibilityofgreenspacerecreation

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8

StudyareaData

Boundariesofresidentialneighborhoods

Residentialgreenspacemaps

Boundariesofurbanparks

Quantifyingthespatialaccessibility

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nSpatialaccessibilitytopark

AP=Type*Distance

Type:HistoricalPark,ComprehensivePark,CommunityPark,PocketPark

nSpatialaccessibilitytoresidentialgreenspace

AR=coverage*Area

nComprehensiveaccessibility

Acomprehensive=A+A

Gradingscoresofindicators

Differencesinspatialgreenspaceinequalityfrommultipleperspectives

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Notabledifferencesingreenspace

patterns:singlevs.comprehensive

perspective.

Thecomprehensiveperspectiverevealsnewshortageareas.

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SpatialcomplementarityofthetwoUGSsforresidents

9typesofcouplingrelationshipsandsevereshortagearea

Severeshortageareas:10.87%ofresidentialneighborhoodshavelimitedaccessibilityto

bothUGStypes

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SpatialcomplementarityofthetwoUGSsforresidents

Parkaccessibilityinresidential

areasbelowcity-average

residentialgreenspaceaccessibility.

Residentialgreenspaceaccessibilityinresidentialareasbelowcity-

averageparkaccessibility.

InareaswithlimitedaccesstoaUGStype,>30%ofresidentialneighborhoods

havehighaccesstoalternativeUGSs,yet~1/3havestilllowaccesstoalternatives.

Summary

Howtonarrowtheinequality?

Spatialinequalitycombiningparksandresidential

greenspacesdif