第一部分

教材知識(shí)講練選擇性必修第二冊(cè)UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS續(xù)寫語料積累背誦·句之美欣賞·語之秀1.(神態(tài)描寫)Withangerwrittenallonhisface,hepushedhismumhardoutofthehall.2.(心理描寫)Whentheytookabite,thejuicewasassweetasthefeelinginsidetheirheart.3.(背景描寫)(2024·蘇北七市調(diào)研)Sistaracedahead,theseabreezestreamingagainstherface.Whenthehungrypeopleleft,theyleftwithsomefriendlywordsofgratitude.ThoughIfeltrathertiredandwornout,Istillseemeddelighted.SeeingwhatIdidmadetheirday,Ifeltdeeppleasurewellingupfromthebottomofmyheart.語基自主檢測(cè)·目標(biāo)確立核心單詞1.________n.把手；拉手；柄

vt.處理；搬動(dòng)；操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)2.______vt.投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲3.___________n.減少；降低；減少量

vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減??；降低4.______vt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)5._______n.改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班

vi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)向handlecastdecreasepourshift核心單詞6.____________n.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)7.__________vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象8._______________adv.此外；再者9._______n.弱點(diǎn)；過錯(cuò)10._______adj.生動(dòng)的；鮮明的；豐富的statisticsuspect

furthermore

faultvivid語境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.Intheeyesofmanypeople,thesystem,forallits________(fault),isthebestavailableatthemoment.2.Withthebirthrate______________(decrease)rapidly,thecountrywillfacelabourshortageinthefuture.3.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)It'sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethan___________(shift)restlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.faultsdecreasingshifting語境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)He________(pour)waterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.5.Misunderstandingsmayleadtoseriousproblemsunlessthey_______________(handle)properly.6.Theleavesareswayinginthebreeze,__________(cast)shadowsontheabandonedhouse.pouredhandledcastingare派生單詞1.infectvt.使感染；傳染→__________n.感染；傳染→___________adj.(身體部位或傷口)受感染的；(食品、水等)受細(xì)菌污染的；(電腦)受病毒感染的→______________adj.傳染性的，感染的2.provevt.證明→_______n.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗(yàn)3.transformvt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài)

vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變→_____________n.轉(zhuǎn)化；變化；改變infectioninfectedinfectiousprooftransformation派生單詞4.defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→__________n.防御；保衛(wèi)；防護(hù)；辯護(hù)→____________adj.防御的；防御用的；防御性的5.assistvi.&vt.幫助；援助→________________n.助理；助手→______________n.協(xié)助；援助6.giftn.禮物；天賦→________adj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的defencedefensiveassistantassistancegifted語境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.H5N1isadeadlyandhighly______________virus.In1997,ofthefirstrecorded18casesofhuman____________withH5N1,sixdied.(infect)2.Hehas________himselfcapableofhandlingcomplexsituations,andtheseresultsareafurther_______ofhisoutstandingability.(prove)3.Chinais________________itseconomicgrowthmodel,whichisoneofthemostastonishingeconomic____________________seensince1978.(transform)infectiousinfectionprovedprooftransformingtransformations語境運(yùn)用(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4.To________theborders,theancientChinesetookmany___________measuresandthesewallswerebuiltasa__________againstenemyattacks.(defend)5.Williamisan____________professorwho__________withhisstudents'academicworkandalsoprovides______________infindingjobs.(assist)6.WeiFanghasareal______forvividdescription,whichwillmakeherauniquely________Chineselanguageteacher.(gift)defenddefensivedefenceassistantassistsassistancegiftgifted高頻短語1.___________________最終地；徹底地2.________________同意；贊同；訂閱3.____________幸虧；由于4.____________(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)5.___________________患(病)；染上(小病)6.____________最重要的是；尤其是onceandforallsubscribetothankstobreakoutcomedownwithaboveall語境運(yùn)用(選用左欄短語的適當(dāng)形式填空)1.Allthescientists________________theviewthatitishumanactivitythathascausedtheglobalwarming.2.Mysonmusthave___________________abadcold,forhehasgotasorethroat.3.Afierceconflict____________attheborderbetweenthetwocountries,resultinginsixdeathsandmanyinjuries.4.Withhigh-speedtrains,peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentresinthewest______________________.5.____________thespreadofmoderntechnology,trainedworkersaremorevitalthanever.subscribetocomedownwithbrokeoutonceandforallThanksto原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫作佳句背誦1.until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.我決定扔掉磨破的鞋子，光著腳走路，直到能夠返回村子里。Idecidedtothrowawaymywornshoesandwalkbarefoot_______________________________.(續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)untilIcouldreturntothevillage原句結(jié)構(gòu)辨識(shí)寫作佳句背誦2.havesth/sbdoneAccordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.她感到很難為情，雙手捂住臉，不敢與別人眼神接觸。Shefeltsoawkwardthatshe________________________________,notdaringtomakeeyecontactwithothers.(續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫)hadherfaceburiedinherhands考點(diǎn)歸納探究·精準(zhǔn)講練1.suspect

vt.&vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象①Policehaveaskedresidentstokeepaneyeoutforanything_________(suspect).②Thesesevenvillagersweresuspectedof__________(have)linkswithseveralextremistgroups.③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷改)OnhiswaytoBukhara，MrBissellgotatasteofpolicemethodswhen____________(suspect)ofdrugdealing.suspicioushavingsuspected當(dāng)我們開始竊竊私語時(shí)，她皺起了眉頭，向我們投來懷疑的目光。Whenwestartedwhisperingtogether,shefrownedand_______________________________________________________________________.

suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人有……罪(做了某事)

suspectthat...懷疑……

suspicionn.懷疑；疑心

suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的

besuspiciousof/about...懷疑……；對(duì)……起疑心castasuspiciouslookatus/lookedatussuspiciously

arrestacriminalsuspect逮捕一名犯罪嫌疑人

suspecthimofbetrayingstatesecrets懷疑他泄露國(guó)家機(jī)密

besuspiciousof/abouthisbehaviour懷疑他的行為2.blame

vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)

n.責(zé)備；指責(zé)①Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame___thealarmclock.②MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone___________(blame).③(2021·全國(guó)甲卷改)It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeservepartoftheblame____gettingNickblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotel.ontoblamefor盡管父母沒有責(zé)怪我的糟糕表現(xiàn)，但我仍然感到內(nèi)疚，情緒低落了好幾天。Despitethefactthatmyparents_________________________________,Istillfeltguiltyandwasinlowspiritsforseveraldays.didn'tblamemeformybadperformance

blamesbfor(doing)sth為(做)某事責(zé)備某人

blamesthonsb/sth把某事歸咎于某人/某事

betoblame(for...)應(yīng)(為……)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該(為……)受責(zé)備

lay/put/placetheblameon...把責(zé)任歸咎于……

bear/taketheblameforthemistake為錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任

blametheaccidentondangerousdriving把事故原因歸咎于危險(xiǎn)駕駛

blamemefornotkeepingmymouthshut責(zé)怪我多嘴3.link

n.聯(lián)系；紐帶

vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)①Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverythingthathappenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiences__________oldmemories.②Astudyfoundthatdeaths________(link)toalcoholaccountedforalmost4%oftheworld'sdeathsin2019.③Thereis____directlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtheriseinweightproblems.to/withlinkeda(普通表達(dá))Manychildren'shealthproblemshavesomethingtodowithpoordietandlackofexercise.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Manychildrenhavehealthproblems_______________poordietandlackofexercise.

alinkbetween...and...……和……之間有聯(lián)系

alinkwithsth與某物有關(guān)系

link...to/with...把……與……連接/聯(lián)系起來

linkupwith...與……連接或結(jié)合

belinkedto/with...和……連接；與……有聯(lián)系linkedwith/to

linkthevideocameratoacomputer把攝像機(jī)連接到電腦上

becloselylinkedtoyourdiet與你的飲食密切相關(guān)

establishtradelinkswithEurope與歐洲建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系4.defend

vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解①Theweaselisatimidanimalbutwillfightlikeatiger___defenceofitsyoung.②Whenfacingatheftcharge,youmustfigureouthowtodefendyourself________________thecharge.③Wheninanovelenvironment,thebrainpartlyremainsalertsothathumanscandefend______________(they)againstanypotentialdanger.inagainst/fromthemselves看到一條兇猛的蛇突然出現(xiàn)，他如離弦的箭一般沖過去，保護(hù)兒子免遭它的攻擊。Seeingafiercesnakesuddenlyappear,herushedoutlikeanarrow____________________________________.

defend...from/against...保護(hù)……以免受……

defendoneself為自己辯解；自衛(wèi)

defencen.防御；辯護(hù)；保護(hù)

indefenceof為了保衛(wèi)……todefendhissonfrom/againstitsattack

defenditselffrom/againstitsnaturalenemies防御它的天敵

takeactiontodefendthemembers'rights采取措施來維護(hù)會(huì)員們的權(quán)利

defendherOlympictitlesuccessfully成功蟬聯(lián)奧運(yùn)冠軍5.comedownwith

患(病)；染上(小病)①Thatnightshecame______withafeverandwassuspectedofgettinginfectedwithavirus.②(2021·全國(guó)甲卷改)Walkingupapaththroughtheforest,Icame_______asmallclearingandnoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.③Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcome___inmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.downacrossup雪莉安是一名笑容燦爛的嬌小女性，擁有堅(jiān)韌的心志，這種心志并非偶然形成。Shelly-Ann,alittlewomanwithabigsmile,hasamentaltoughness________________________________.thatdidnotcomeaboutbychance

comeacross(偶然)遇見；碰見；被理解

comeabout產(chǎn)生；發(fā)生(無被動(dòng)形式)

comeout出版；結(jié)果是；(花)開放

cometo(oneself)蘇醒

comeup走近；上來；被提及

comeupwith提出；想出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)

comedownwithbirdflu得了禽流感

comeupwithanewsolution想出一個(gè)新的解決方案

abookthatwillcomeoutnextweek下周要出版的書6.[教材原句]ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.通過斯諾的不懈努力，供水公司開始銷售清潔水，世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅下降。①Theturnover(營(yíng)業(yè)額)ofe-commerce____(see)asubstantialgainfromapproximately$800billionin2011to$2,500billionin2014.②The25-yearperiod____________(witness)afallintheconsumptionofbeefandlambtoapproximately100gramsand55gramsperpersonperweekrespectively.③Thelastthreedecades____________(see)steadygrowthinEastAsia,makingtheregionthemostdynamicandfastestgrowingintheworld.sawwitnessedhaveseen第六天，他來到了家鄉(xiāng)，只停留了一晚，便匆忙返回工作崗位。_________________________________________,wherehestayedforonlyonenightbeforehehurriedbacktowork.see,witness的主語有時(shí)可以是表示“時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或某事物”的名詞或名詞短語，這是一種擬人的修飾手法，此時(shí)see,witness意為“見證；發(fā)生”，雖然是物作主語，但see,witness卻要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。ThesixthdaysawhisarrivalathishometownThatyearsawthefirstFestivalwithLordHarewoodasdirector,andthefeaturedcomposerwasSchoenberg.那年舉辦了第一屆音樂節(jié)，導(dǎo)演是哈伍德勛爵，主要作曲家是勛伯格。7.[教材原句]Whenasked

“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles？”，hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake.”有人問他：“我們中國(guó)人有可能制造出導(dǎo)彈嗎？”他的回答十分堅(jiān)定：“有什么不能的？外國(guó)人能造出來的，我們中國(guó)人同樣能造得出來?！雹?2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改)Ifnot________(turn)inbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,youressaywillearnazero.turned②(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhen__________(expose)todaylight.③Afterevaluation,doctorsbelievethattheillnesswillbecomeworseif______(leave)untreated.exposedleft(普通表達(dá))Generallyspeaking,thedrughasnosideeffectwhenyoutakeitaccordingtothedirections.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Generallyspeaking,_______________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(使用過去分詞)whentaken教材原句中的Whenasked，相當(dāng)于Whenhewasasked，意為“當(dāng)被問到”。在“when＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而在“when＋doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式與主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。與when的這種用法類似的連詞還有while,if,unless,once,though,whenever,asif等。Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.當(dāng)被問到他成功的秘訣時(shí)，史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格說他的成功和快樂很大程度上要?dú)w功于他妻子與孩子。多維強(qiáng)基固本·達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Martinknewclearlywhatitwouldcost______________(defend)therightsofallblackpeople.2.Somepeoplestillclaimthatthereisnosolidevidence____________(link)smokingwithlungcancer.3.Themotherdidn'tknowwho_____________(blame)forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.todefendlinkingtoblame4.Thefourdecadessincethereformandopeningup_______________(see)thedramaticchangesinChina.5.Toomuchpraise,when_______(give)inawaythat'sinsincere,canmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk.6._____________(suspect)thetravellerofcarryingdrugs，theCustomsofficialstoppedhimandwentthroughhissuitcase.have/hasseengivenSuspectingⅡ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1.Scientistsnowlinkcertaintypesofcancer__________theamountofjunkfoodthatpeopleeat.2.Itisthetestsystemthatistoblame____theheavyburdenofmiddleschoolstudentsnowadays.3.Thecitywallshavelosttheirpowertodefend________________militaryattacksafter600yearsofweathering.4.Twomen,suspected___receivingstolenproperty,weretakentothepolicestationforquestioning.to/withforagainst/fromofⅢ.熟詞生義(選出黑體詞在句中的漢語意思)1.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.___A.未煮的

B.嬌嫩的

C.無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的2.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.___A.轉(zhuǎn)移

B.輪班

C.改變3.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies.___A.應(yīng)付；處理 B.操縱；駕駛

C.搬動(dòng)；觸摸BCAⅣ.長(zhǎng)難語句(分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并翻譯成漢語)1.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.

本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：...thatgrowthwilltakeup...space,andthough...peopleaccepttheconcept...,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstalled...。句中的though引導(dǎo)________從句，后面的不定式tobeinstalled作_______，修飾panels。[嘗試翻譯]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讓步狀語定語

但所有這些增長(zhǎng)都將占用大量空間，盡管越來越多的人接受太陽能的概念，但很少有人喜歡在他們附近安裝大型太陽能電池板。2.(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，可簡(jiǎn)化為：Byusing...technologies,dronescould...startproviding...servicesforrailways,detectingfaults...beforetheycancause...problems.。句中的Byusing...是介詞短語作方式______，后面的detecting...是動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作_______狀語，before引導(dǎo)_______狀語從句。[嘗試翻譯]____________________________________________________________________________________________________________狀語伴隨時(shí)間

通過使用最新技術(shù)，無人機(jī)還開始為鐵路提供更高價(jià)值的服務(wù)，在鐵路或道岔出現(xiàn)任何安全問題之前檢測(cè)出故障。寫作提能培優(yōu)·進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練Step1.單句寫作(利用本單元知識(shí)補(bǔ)全所給英文句子)①屠呦呦是一位杰出的女科學(xué)家，年輕時(shí)就對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。TuYouyouis____________________________.She____________________________whenveryyoung.②她天資聰慧，1951年考入北京大學(xué)。Shewas__________________________________BeijingUniversityin1951.anoutstandingfemalescientistbecameinterestedinmedicinesogiftedthatshewasadmittedto③畢業(yè)后，她把精力轉(zhuǎn)向傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)的研究。Aftergraduation,she_______________________________________oftraditionalChinesemedicine.④經(jīng)過多次失敗后，她成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。_________________________,shesucceededindiscoveringartemisinin.⑤青蒿素是一種抗瘧疾的新藥物，瘧疾曾導(dǎo)致大量的人死亡。Artemisininis_______________________________malaria,whichhascausedalargenumberofdeaths.switchedherenergytothestudyFollowingmultiplefailuresanewdrugdefendingagainst⑥由于她的發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多生命被拯救，所以，她獲得了2015年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。_____________________,manylivesweresaved,soshewasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.⑦這也徹底地證明了中國(guó)女性也能為人類做出非凡的貢獻(xiàn)。This_______________________________thatChinesewomencanalso_____________________________humans.Thankstoherfindingsprovesonceandforall

makebrilliantcontributionstoStep2.銜接成文(利用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞語連句成篇)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TuYouyouisanoutstandingfemalescientist，whobecameinterestedinmedicinewhenveryyoung.Shewassogifted