Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4話題自然災難詞匯disaster，slide，flood，rescue，damage，destroy，shelter，ruin，percent，trap，bury，effort，context，supply，tap，pipe，calm，aid，crash，sweep，wave，strike短語volcaniceruption，asif，inruins，inshock，intheopenair，firstaidkit，onhand，sweepaway句型1．too...to太……而不能……2．asif引導的虛擬語氣3．地點狀語從句1．bedoingsthwhen...“正在做某事這時……”2．make＋it＋adj.＋不定式語法限制性定語從句(1)寫作概要寫作考點1.rescuen．&vt.營救；救援[教材原句]Whataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoingintheflood－h(huán)itarea?救援人員和士兵正在洪水災害地區(qū)做什么？【拓展】cometosb’srescue＝rescuesb救援某人rescue...from...把……從……營救出來【經典練】單句語法填空①Thefiremenrescuedababytheflood.②Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldiers(rescue)us.【答案】1.from2.rescued【寫作佳句】IgotarescuecallfromawomaninLondon.我接到了來自倫敦的一位女士的求救電話?？键c2.damagevt.損害；破壞n．損壞；損失[教材原句]WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首爾哪些建筑被毀了？【拓展】(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(causedamageto...,dodamageto...))對……造成損害(2)damageone’shealth損害某人的健康【經典練】單句語法填空①Thedroughthasdonegreatdamagethecrops.②Theyarerepairingthehouseswhich(damage)intheflood.【答案】1.to2.weredamaged考點3.affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動[教材原句]82killed,500，000affected82人喪生，50萬人受影響【拓展】(1)affectsb/sth影響某人/某事bedeeplyaffectedby被……深深打動了(2)effectn.作用；影響haveaneffecton對……產生影響【經典練】語境辨義①Thiscanaffectyourwork.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)②Theaudienceweredeeplyaffectedbythemovingstory.③Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.【答案】1.影響2.深深打動3.(疾病)侵襲【教考銜接】1.AsfarasI’mconcerned,followingothers’advicewithoutthinkingwillaffectourowndecision.(2018·江蘇卷書面表達)在我看來，不假思索地接受他人的意見將影響我們自己的決定。2.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.(2020·江蘇卷)【寫作佳句】Theoldfarmerwasveryupsetbecausethestrongwindscausedgreatdamagetohiscrops.老農非常沮喪，因為強風給他的莊稼造成了巨大的損失?？键c4.sheltern．避難處；居所；庇護vt.保護；掩蔽vi.躲避(風雨或危險)[教材原句]Shelterssetupbythegovernment政府建立的庇護所【拓展】(1)takeshelterfrom...躲避……(2)shelter...from...保護/遮蔽……不/免受……shelterfrom...躲避……【經典練】單句語法填空①It’ssohot，andwe’dbetterfindatreetotakeshelterthesun.②Wesatintheshade，shelteringthesun.【答案】1.from2.from【寫作佳句】Aftertheterribleearthquake,thehomelessneednotonlyfoodandwaterbutalsopropershelter.可怕的地震過后，無家可歸的人不僅需要食物和水，還需要合適的住所。考點5.ruinn．&vt.破壞；毀壞[教材原句]Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟?！就卣埂?1)be/lieinruins成為廢墟；毀滅fallintoruin成為廢墟；破敗不堪(2)ruinone’shope/chance使某人的希望破滅/機會失去ruinoneself自我毀滅【經典練】單句語法填空①Theoldfamouscastlefellruinafterthebigflood.②Heavysmokingmayruin(you)，soyoushouldgiveitupassoonaspossible.【答案】1.into2.yourself【寫作佳句】Whenwereachedthedestination，wesawanoldtempleinruins.我們到達目的地后，看到一座成為廢墟的古廟。考點6.shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚[教材原句]Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人們驚恐萬狀——然而鄰近傍晚時分，又一次強烈的地震撼動唐山?！就卣埂?1)agreatshocktosb對某人來說是極大的震驚inshock震驚；吃驚(2)shockedadj.震驚的；驚訝的beshockedat/by對……感到吃驚beshockedtodosth做某事很吃驚(3)shockingadj.令人震驚的【經典練】單句語法填空①Hissituationwasgreatshocktousall.②Thesurvivorslayonthebeach,exhaustedand(shock)．③Thenewsthathewasinjuredintheaccident(shock)．【答案】1.a2.shocked3.wasshocking【寫作佳句】Ilookedathiminshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.我震驚地望著他，等待他告訴我，這一切都是我的誤解。考點7.trapvt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n．險境；陷阱[教材原句]Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊派出15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者?！就卣埂縡allintoatrap落入圈套betrappedin困在……中；陷在……中【經典練】單句語法填空①Ifyouwalkintotheforest，you’relikelytofallatrap.②Theyoungmanwastrappedthebuilding，andhefeltveryhelpless.【答案】1.into2.in【寫作佳句】Thesoldiersweresenttotheearthquake－h(huán)itareaimmediatelytorescuethepeoplewhoweretrappedintheruins.戰(zhàn)士們立即被派往地震災區(qū)營救被困在廢墟中的人們?？键c8.buryvt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使專心【拓展】(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(buryoneselfin,beburiedin))埋頭于/專心于……【經典練】單句語法填空①He(bury)inhislessonsandknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.②Inthepastthreeweeks,wehavebeenburying(we)instudybecausetheexamisdrawingnear.【答案】1.wasburied2.ourselves【寫作佳句】Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.當她聽到那個壞消息時，她掩面而泣?？键c9.effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力[教材原句]Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在地震廢墟中被建立起來?！就卣埂縠q\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sparenoefforttodosth,makeeveryefforttodosth))不遺余力做某事makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力做某事【經典練】單句語法填空①IfIamluckyenoughtobegivensuchagoodchance，Iwillsparenoeffort(finish)thetask.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,youshouldmakeagreatereffort(study)hard.【答案】1.tofinish2.tostudy【教考銜接】WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled...(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)【寫作佳句】Idobelievethatallyoureffortswillpayoffsoonerorlater.我的確相信你的努力遲早會得到回報?？键c10.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦[教材原句]Whatkindofhelpdoyouthinkpeoplewhohavesufferedanearthquakeneed?你認為地震災民需要什么樣的幫助？【拓展】(1)sufferlosses/pains遭受損失/痛苦sufferfrom患……??；因……而受苦(2)sufferingn.苦難，痛苦sufferern.受難者【經典練】單句語法填空①AsfarasIknow,hehaseversufferedaseriousillness.②Theeditornevertalkedabouthis(suffer)inthedisaster.【答案】1.from2.suffering(s)【寫作佳句】Obviously，ourearthissufferingseriousdamage.顯然，我們的地球正在遭受嚴重的破壞?？键c11.supplyn．[pl.]補給品；供應(量)；補給vt.供應；供給[教材原句]Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.向災區(qū)提供的物資是從全國各地收集來的。【拓展】(1)inshortsupply短缺haveagoodsupplyof...備有許多……(2)supplysthtosb為某人提供某物supplysbwithsth為某人提供某物【經典練】單句語法填空①I’dliketoknowthereasonwhythemilkisshortsupplyinthisareanow.②Idon’tknowwhethertheyaresuppliedenoughfoodinthearea.【答案】1.in2.with【寫作佳句】Thegovernmenthassuppliedplentyoffoodandclothestothelocalpeoplesincetheearthquakeoccurred.政府在地震發(fā)生后已經向當地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服?？键c12.survivevi.生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在vt.幸存；艱難度過；比……活得長[教材原句]She’sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.她正在喂地震中幸存的嬰兒?！就卣埂?1)surviveon依靠……生存下來survivefrom從……存活下來，流傳下來(2)survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]殘存物【經典練】語境辨義①Hewasveryluckythathedidn’tstarvetodeath,butsurvivedthecoldwinter.②Thetravelertrappedinthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtinthesea.③Theoldladyhassurvivedallherelderbrothersbytenyears.【答案】1.艱難度過2.生存；存活3.比……活得長【教考銜接】BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope，survivingentirelyondiscarded(丟棄的)food.(2019·浙江)【寫作佳句】Ofthesixpeopleinjuredintheterribleaccident,onlytwosurvived.在這場可怕的事故中受傷的6人中，只有2人幸存。考點13.powern．電力供應；能量；力量；控制力；權力[教材原句]Gotoanopenspaceawayfrombuildings,trees,orpowerlines.去一個遠離建筑物、樹木或電線的開放空間。【拓展】(1)havethepowertodosth具有做某事的能力beyondone’spower力所不能及的；超出某人的能力(2)powerfuladj.強有力的【經典練】單句語法填空①Therewasatimewhenthegirlhadnopower(speak)．②Idobelievethatencouragementisso(power)thatitcanchangeaperson.【答案】1.tospeak2.powerful【寫作佳句】Asisknowntous，knowledgeispower.眾所周知，知識就是力量?？键c14.calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜[教材原句]Staycalm.保持鎮(zhèn)靜。(1)calmdown平靜下來calmsbdown使某人平靜下來；使某人鎮(zhèn)定下來(2)keep/staycalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜【經典練】單句語法填空①Assoonastheirparentscamein，thetwinsisterscalmed．②Whenhegetsanxious，heoftenbreathesdeeplytocalm(he)down.【答案】1.down2.himself【寫作佳句】Theexcitedfootballfanscalmeddownatlast.激動的足球迷們最終平靜了下來?？键c15.aidn．援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.(formal)幫助；援助[教材原句]firstaidkit急救箱【拓展】(1)givefirstaidtosb對某人急救withtheaidof在……的幫助下cometoone’said來幫助某人inaidof用以援助；幫助(2)aidsbin(doing)sth幫助某人(做)某事aidsbwithsth以某事/物幫助某人aidsbtodosth幫助某人做某事【經典練】單句語法填空①I’dbeverygratefulifyoucanaidmemyEnglish.②Heissoconsiderateaboythatheoftenaidshismother(clean)thehouse.【答案】1.with2.toclean【寫作佳句】Thesevolunteersarecollectingmoneyinaidofthepoorchildren.這些志愿者正在募捐以幫助那些貧困的孩子?？键c16.waven．海浪；波浪，波濤；揮手vi.&vt.揮手；招手[教材原句]Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被9級強震所引起的巨浪卷走?！就卣埂縲avegoodbyetosb向某人揮手告別eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(waveto/atsb,givesbawave))向某人揮手【經典練】單句語法填空①Hewavedusasthebusdroveoff.②Iwavedgoodbyehim,butheignoredme.【答案】1.to2.to【寫作佳句】Sherefusedmysuggestionwithawaveofherhand.她擺擺手拒絕了我的建議。考點17.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打；突然想到；(鐘)敲；打動，迷住n．罷工；罷課；襲擊[教材原句]Theunderseaquakestruckaround7：00a．m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia’sSumatraIsland.海底地震于星期日上午7時許襲擊了印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西岸附近海域?！就卣埂縝estruckby...被……打動eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sthstrike（s）sb,Itstrikessbthat/wh－...))某人突然想起……【經典練】語境辨義①TheclockstrucktwelvewhenIgothomelastnight.②AterribleearthquakedidstrikethecityonMarch11.③AgoodideastruckmewhenIwasreadingthenewspaper.④Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthecountry.【答案】1.(鐘)敲2.侵襲3.突然想到4.打動，迷住【寫作佳句】Thefailureoftheirteamstrucksadnessintothecaptain’sheart.他們隊的失利讓隊長很傷心?？键c18.effectn．影響；結果；效果【拓展】(1)haveaneffecton/upon對……產生影響ineffect事實上(2)effectiveadj.有效的；有影響的【經典練】單句語法填空①effect，hedidn’tmakeanyerrorsthistime.②Gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriends，whichisan(effect)waytogetridofanger.【答案】1.In2.effective【教考銜接】John突然想起，他們可以幫助Bernard為他的爆米花做廣告。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)ItstruckJohnthattheycouldhelpBernardadvertisehispopcorn.(strike)【寫作佳句】Thereisnodoubtthatreadingbookscanhaveagoodeffectonthechildren.毫無疑問，讀書會對兒童有良好的影響?？键c19.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進食；狗不肯進入屋內。【拓展】[句型公式]too＋adj.＋to...“太……不能……”(1)too＋adj./adv.(forsb)todosth...意為“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義；(2)too＋(glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious)todosth表示肯定意義?！窘浀渚殹竣買hateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaysonaconversationwithher.我討厭她在上班時給我打電話——我一直很忙不能和她交談。②Theproblemistoodifficultforme(settle)．這個問題太難了，我解決不了。③Iamyouwithyourhomework.我很樂意幫你做作業(yè)?！敬鸢浮?.toobusytocarry2.tosettle3.toopleasedtohelp【教考銜接】在黑暗中，她太累太餓而睡不著覺。(too...to...)(2020·10月浙江，讀后續(xù)寫)Inthedark，shewastootiredandhungrytofallasleep.考點20.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即將來臨！【拓展】[句型公式]asif＝asthough“仿佛；好像”，在句中引導表語從句。Itseemed(tosb)that/asif...“(對某人來說)似乎……”。(1)asif從句用陳述語氣：從句表示的情況是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的。(2)asif從句用虛擬語氣：·從句用一般過去時(表示與現在的事實相反)；·從句用過去完成時(表示與過去的事實相反)；·從句用would/could/mightdo形式(表示與將來的事實相反)【經典練】①Lookatthecloudsinthesky!itisgoingtorain.Let’shurryup.看看天上的烏云！看起來要下雨，咱們快一點。②Hetalkstothemasifthey(be)children.(與現在事實相反)他同他們說話，就當他們是孩子一樣。③HetalksaboutRomeasifhe(be)therebefore.(與過去事實相反)他說起羅馬來好像他以前去過那里似的。④Heopenedhismouthasifhe(say)something.(與將來事實相反)他張開嘴好像要說什么?！敬鸢浮?.Itlooksasif2.were3.hadbeen4.wouldsay考點21.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.當時我和三個孩子正在吃早飯，海水開始灌入屋內?！就卣埂縖句型公式]bedoingsthwhen...“正在做某事這時……”when在此處是并列連詞，表示“正在那時，這時”，常用句型有：bedoing...when...正在做……，這時……beabouttodo...when...正要做……，這時……h(huán)adjustdone...when...剛做過……這時……【經典練】①Themandownstairstheearthquakehappened.這個男子正在樓下睡覺，這時地震發(fā)生了。②We(have)ameetingwhensomeonebrokein.當時我們正在開會，突然有人闖了進來。③Ihadjustcomeoutofthekitchensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我剛從廚房出來，就有人敲門。④heheardsomeonecryingforhelp.那個少年正要去上學，這時他聽到有人呼救。【答案】1.wassleepingwhen2.werehaving3.when4.Theteenagerwasabouttogotoschoolwhen一．語法精講——限制性定語從句(1)思維導圖1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethat/whichevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.2．Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.3．Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Theman(whom/who/that)IhavetophonelivesinCanada.一、定語從句的概述定語從句定義在主從復合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾限制作用的從句關系詞關系代詞who,whom,whose，which,that,as關系副詞when,where,why種類分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句ThisisthemuseumthatIvisitedtwoyearsago.這就是我兩年前參觀過的那個博物館。(thatIvisitedtwoyearsago是定語從句，修飾museum)Theladywholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.住在隔壁的那位女士是個著名的舞蹈家。(wholivesnextdoor是定語從句，修飾lady)。二、關系代詞的基本用法1．who指人，在定語從句中可以充當主語、賓語或表語。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.(作主語，指人)在車禍中受傷的孩子們現在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.(作賓語，指人)我真的很想找一個可以完全信任的朋友。2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略，也可用who代替。Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.(作賓語，指人)羅絲是你應該關心的人。3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關系，whose在定語從句中作定語。Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.(作定語，指人)我認識那個人，他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一個窗子朝北的房間里。(作定語，指物)【經典練】用適當的關系代詞填空①Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourmother?②Thosewanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.④ThegirlgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.⑤Ilikethosebookstopicsareabouthistory.⑥Anystudentfamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.【答案】1.who2.who3.who/whom4.who5.whose6.whose4．which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.(作賓語，指物)那個年輕人領回了在火車上丟失的金戒指，非常高興。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.(作主語，指物)那個小女孩正在吃一個又大又紅的蘋果。5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，作賓語時可以省略。習慣上指人時多用who/whom，指物時多用which。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.(作主語，指人)每年來參觀這座城市的人數達100萬。Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那個手提箱是她的。(作主語指物)[名師點津](1)關系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語或定語，因此定語從句中不能再出現關系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。[譯]昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。[誤]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(2)關系代詞在從句中作主語時不能省略，作賓語時可以省略。Isthatthegirl(whom/who/that)youspokeoftheotherday?那就是你前幾天所提到的女孩嗎？【經典練】用適當的關系代詞填空①Istillkeepthelettershewrotetome.②ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.③TheyoungmanIworkwithisfriendly.④Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?⑤ThisisthemanfromIlearnedalotinmylife.【答案】1.that/which2.who/that3.who/whom/that4.that/which5.whom三、關系詞只能用that而不用which的情況1．當先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代詞時。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？2．先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.這是我吃過的最美味的食物。3．先行詞被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已經讀了所有那些不屬于我的書。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastoturntothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丟的鋼筆。4．當先行詞既指人，又指物時。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事?！窘浀渚殹垦a全句子①Thisisthemostbeautifulpark．這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople．她把她感興趣的物和人都拍攝了下來。③Writingwasinterestedher.寫作是她唯一感興趣的事。【答案】1.thatIhavevisited2.thatshewasinterestedin3.theonlythingthat二．寫作精講——概要寫作一、題型特點概要寫作是一種閱讀和寫作要求并重的英語高考新題型，有準確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性、個體性等特點。概要寫作提供一篇350詞以內的短文，要求考生在對原文閱讀后根據其內容寫出一篇60詞左右的內容概要。概要所用語句既要用詞準確、結構合理、語意連貫、不得抄寫原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事項1．詞數要限制在60詞左右，上下限不得超過10個單詞。2．要根據文章的體裁特點進行概要寫作。3．人稱和時態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時態(tài)保持一致，但必要時也可變換成第三人稱。4．寫作時盡可能地使用復合句，必要時可轉換詞性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。三、寫作四部曲1．確定體裁，明確主題及結構體裁結構記敘文人物＋時間＋地點＋事件(起因＋發(fā)展＋結果)說明文事物的性質功能：對象＋性質功能＋利好問題的解決方法或措施：問題＋解決方法現象類：現象＋原因＋結果議論文主題＋補充論據(＋結論)2.確定主題句，找關鍵信息劃出每一段的主題句，抓住關鍵信息，忽略次要信息。3．改寫關鍵信息，得出要點使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結構表達同一意思，如改變語態(tài)、肯定變否定等，避免抄襲原文句子。4．添加連接詞，使行文連貫要牢記各段落要點之間的邏輯關系和自然銜接，用恰當的關聯詞去連貫全文。常用的關聯詞有：however，besides，inaddition，therefore，instead等。閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses，anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife，anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact，alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus，andobviously，ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility，butifyoulivenearby，gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses，thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers，students，andcollegecounselors(顧問)，anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit，itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.第一步：審題謀篇體裁議論文主題探訪申請大學框架主題＋補充論據1、2、3第二步：畫主題句，找關鍵信息Para.1①主題句：It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.②關鍵信息：areallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplyPara.2①主題句：There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.②關鍵信息：visittheschoolsinyourlocalareaPara.3①主題句：Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.②關鍵信息：attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Para.4①主題句：Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollege－WeekLive.②關鍵信息：checkouttheonlinecollegefairs第三步：詞句升級Para.11．寫出下列詞語的同義表達①goodidea→worthwhile②visit→payavisitto2．改寫關鍵信息It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittoyourdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.Para.21．將后置定語改為前置定語theschoolsinyourlocalarea→yourlocalcolleges2．改寫關鍵信息Undoubtedly,youshouldvisityourlocalcolleges.Para.31．寫出下列詞語的同義表達①attheveryleast→atleast②wouldliketoattend→wanttogoto2．改寫關鍵信息Atleast,youshouldvisittheschoolyouwanttogoto.Para.41．同義句轉換①iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible...→ifyouareshortoftimeandmoney...②checkouttheonlinecollegefairs→visittheonlinecollegefairs2．改寫關鍵信息Ifyouareshortoftimeandmoney,visitingtheonlinecollegefairsisagoodalternativetohelpyoubetterunderstandschools.第四步：連句成篇It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittoyourdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.(要點1)Undoubtedly,youshouldvisityourlocalcolleges.(要點2)Atleast,youshouldvisittheschoolyouwanttogotoandknowitsrealconditionsinadvance.(要點3)Ifyouareshortoftimeandmoney,visitingtheonlinecollegefairsisagoodalternativetohelpyoubetterunderstandschools.(要點4)landsliden.(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡【聯想】slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動floodn．洪水；大量vi.淹沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒【搭配】inflood泛濫的；被水淹的rescuen．&vt.營救；救援【搭配】rescuesb/s