【好題匯編】2024年高考英語(yǔ)一模試題分類匯編（新高考專用）

專題03閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）

（2023?河」匕石家莊,——模）Changecanbeunsettling.Goodorbad,excitingorunexpected,there9san

undeniableanxietythatacpaniesseeingourlivesshift.Thankfully,natureremindsusthatenteringanewseasonin

ourlivesisnothingtofearbutsomethingtoenjoy.

Whafsnowknownas“l(fā)ea用eeping“hasbeeahighlyprofitableformoftourismintheUnitedStates.A

researchshowsthatacrossstatesintheeasternhalfofthecountry,fallfoliage（葉子）tourismcontributesmore

than$30billiontolocaleconomies.Andeventhoughclimatechangehasmadeintmoredifficulttopredictwhen

exactlyfoliagewillpeak,ithasn'tstoppedpeoplefromtryingtofigureitout.TourismleadersfromtheSmoky

Mountainsrecentlyreleasedtheirannualfallfoliagepredictionmapwhichhelpstravelersplanoutwhenthey

havethebestchancetocatchthosebeautifulautumnviews.

Perhapspartofwhatmakesthefoliagesospecialisthebeliefthatifstemporary.Eventually,brancheswill

beebare,andwe511stoptakingphotosforsocialmedia.Andastheseasonschangeandwefeelthatfamiliar

longingforwhatwas,treeswillonceagainembrace（欣然接受）theirevolution.

Evenwhentheyaren'tdecoratedwithflashyfallcolorsandtheirinternalsystemsslowdown,treesarestill

supportingtheecosystem.Theirfallenleavesarebrokendownbybacteriaandfungiandprovidethesoilwith

nutrientsthetreeneedstogrow.Insectstakeupshelterintheirbark,eventuallybeingfoodforotherwildlife

seekingaplacetonest.Theirstrongrootsstabilizethesoil,preventingerosion（侵蝕）fromwintersnowmelt.

Rightnow,treesaroundthecountryarealreadybeginningtoweletheirnextchapter.Duringthistimeofthe

year,itfeelsHkeforestsarejustofferingendlessjoyforfree.Andfallfoliageisaneverlastingreminderthatthe

growthwithchangesisbeautiful.

1.Whatdoes^6leafpeeping^^referto?

A.Aformoftourismwherepeoplegotoseefallfoliage.

B.Ameasuretakenbytourismleaderstoprotecttrees.

C.Aresearchabouttheeffectsofclimatechangeontrees.

D.Amethodforpredictingwhenfallfoliagewillpeak.

2.Whydopeoplefindfellfoliagesospecial?

A.Itbringschangetodailylife.B.Itcontributestolocaleconomy.

C.Ithelpspreserveecosystems.D.Itlastsonlyforashorttime.

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttreesinfallfromparagraph4?

A.Theyareeasilydamagedbybacteria.B.Theystoprootingduetocoldweather.

C.Theycontinueprovidingshelterforwildlife.D.Theyplayaroleinreducingsnowfall.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TreesSupportingtheEcosystemB.LessonfromTrees:EmbracingChange

C.FallFoliageTourismintheUSD.ClimateChangesintheSeasonofFall

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【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了在美國(guó)，觀賞秋葉成為了一種盈利性的旅游方式，秋天的樹木

給我們帶來(lái)無(wú)盡的歡樂(lè)，也是成長(zhǎng)與變化之美的永恒象征。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"What'snowknownas"leaf|）eeping"hasbeeahighlyprofitableformoftourism

intheUnitedStates.Aresearchshowsthatacrossstatesintheeasternhalfofthecountry,fallfoliagetourism

contributesmorethan$30billiontolocaleconomies.（在美國(guó)，現(xiàn)在所謂的“賞葉”已經(jīng)成為一種高利潤(rùn)的旅游

形式。一項(xiàng)研究表明，在美國(guó)東半部的各州，賞葉旅游為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)了300多億美元。廣可知，lea用eeping

指的是人們?nèi)タ绰淙~的一種旅游方式。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Perhapspartofwhatmakesthefoliagesospecialisthebeliefthatifstemporary.

（也許樹葉如此特別的部分原因是人們相信它是暫時(shí)的。）”可知，人們覺(jué)得秋天的樹葉如此特別是因?yàn)樗?/p>

持續(xù)很短的時(shí)間。故選D。

3.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第四段的“Insectstakeupshelterintheirbark,eventuallybeingfoodforotherwildlife

seekingaplacetonest.（昆蟲躲在樹皮里，最終成為其他尋找巢穴的野生動(dòng)物的食物。）“可知，秋天的樹雖

然葉子落下了，但仍為野生動(dòng)物提供食物和庇護(hù)。故選C。

4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段的“Changecanbeunsettling.Goodorbad,excitingorunexpected,there?s

anundeniableanxietythatacpaniesseeingourlivesshift.Thankfully,natureremindsusthatenteringanew

seasoninourlivesisnothingtofearbutsomethingtoenjoy.（變化可能令人不安。無(wú)論是好是壞，令人興奮還

是出乎意料，看到我們的生活發(fā)生變化，總有一種不可否認(rèn)的焦慮。值得慶幸的是，大自然提醒我們，進(jìn)

入生命的新季節(jié)沒(méi)有什么可怕的，而是值得享受的。廣可知，文章介紹秋天的到來(lái)有著好的一面也有壞的

一面，但不管怎樣生命的新陳代謝提醒人們要用心去擁抱和接受一切，因此B項(xiàng)（樹木帶來(lái)的啟示：擁抱

變化）能夠概括文章內(nèi)容，適合作為標(biāo)題，故選B。

（2023?湖南?湖南師大附中校聯(lián)考一模）Digitalreadingappearstobedestroyinghabitsof"deepreading".

Astonishingnumbersofpeoplewithyearsofschoolingareineffectilliterate.Thismonth'sLjubljanaManifesto

（宣言）explains:"Thedigitalfieldmaypromotemorereadingthaneverinhistory,butitalsooffersmany

temptationstoreadinasuperficialandscattered（零散的）manner-orevennottoreadatall.Thisincreasingly

endangershigherlevelreading.,9

Thafsfrightening,because"higherlevelreading^^hasbeenessentialtocivilization.Itenabledthe

enlightenmentandaninternationalincreaseinempathy.Withoutit,wewouldsufferalot.AstheLjubljana

Manifestonotes,“asmuchasonethirdofEuropeansstruggleevenwithlowerlevelreadingskills."Morethan

onefifthofadultsintheUSatfallintotheilliterate/functionallyilliteratecategory"。Separately,postpandemic

readingscoresforAmerican13yearoldsarethelowestindecades.AndtheWashingtonbasedCenterforGlobal

DevelopmentrecentlyestimatedthatliteracyinSouthAsiaandsubSaharanAfricaamongthosewithfiveyearsof

schoolinghasdecreasedby10%thispasthalfcentury.

ExpertsintheLjubljanaManifestorecordthedemeritsofdigitalreading:"'Recentstudiesofvariouskinds

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indicateadeclineofcriticalandconsciousreading,slowreading,nonstrategicreadingandlongformreading.”

Whenyoureadabookonpaper,youcanbeentirelyinsidetheexperience,absorbhundredsofpagesofdetails

thoroughlyandbegintocapturetheworld'splexity.Online,saysMaryanneWolfofUCLA,weare"skimming,

scanning,scrolling^^.Themediumisthemessage:doingdeepreadingonyourphoneisashardasplayingtennis

withyourphone.Recently,abright1lyearoldtoldmeIwaswastingtimeonbooks:heabsorbedmoreinformation

fasterfromWikipedia.Hehadapoint.Butdigitalreadersalsoabsorbmoremisinformationandseldomabsorb

fineperspectives.

Inshort,asprofessorsfromNorthwesternUniversityforesawin2005,wearereturningtothedayswhen

onlyanelite（精英）"readingclass“consumeslongtexts,whichisworrying.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutdigitalreadingfromparagraph1?

A.Digitalreadinghassolvedtheproblemofilliteracy.

B.Digitalreadinghaslessenedthepracticeofdeepreading.

C.Digitalreadinghasmadedeepreadingaccessibletowiderreaders.

D.Digitalreadinghasarousedagreaterappreciationfordeepreading.

6.Whatisthepurposeofthefiguresusedinparagraph2?

A.Todisplaythepopularityofdigitalreading.

B.Tohighlighttheadvantagesofdeepreading.

C.Topresenttheunfavorablesituationofliteracy.

D.Tostresstheilliterate'slowerlevelreadingskills.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demerits“inparagraph3mean?

A.Effects.B.Depths.C.Features.D.Drawbacks.

8.Whatmightbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Advantagesofdigitalreading.B.Benefitsofhigherlevelreading.

C.Waystoencouragedigitalreading.D.Measurestopracticedeepreading.

【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了數(shù)字閱讀對(duì)深度閱讀習(xí)慣的破壞性影響，以及深度閱讀在文

明和人類發(fā)展中的重要性。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Digitalreadingappearstobedestroyinghabitsof"deepreading”.（數(shù)字閱讀似

乎正在破壞"深度閱讀"的習(xí)慣o）"和"Thedigitalfieldmaypromotemorereadingthaneverinhistory,butitalso

offersmanytemptationstoreadinasuperficialandscattered（零散的）manner-orevennottoreadatall.This

increasinglyendangershigherlevelreading.（數(shù)字領(lǐng)域可能比歷史上任何時(shí)候都促進(jìn)了更多的閱讀，但它也提

供了許多誘惑，以膚淺和分散的方式閱讀——甚至根本不閱讀。這越來(lái)越危及更高水平的閱讀。廠可知，

數(shù)字閱讀削弱了深度閱讀的實(shí)踐。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“AstheLjubljanaManifestonotes,uasmuchasonethirdofEuropeansstruggle

evenwithlowerlevelreadingskills/5MorethanonefifthofadultsintheUS<cfallintotheilliterate/functionally

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illiteratecategory99.Separately,postpandemicreadingscoresforAmerican13yearoldsarethelowestindecades.

AndtheWashingtonbasedCenterforGlobalDevelopmentrecentlyestimatedthatliteracyinSouthAsiaand

subSaharanAfricaamongthosewithfiveyearsofschoolinghasdecreasedby10%thispasthalfcentury.（正如

《盧布爾雅那宣言》所指出的，“多達(dá)三分之一的歐洲人甚至在較低水平的閱讀技能上掙扎。”超過(guò)五分之

一的美國(guó)成年人“屬于文盲/功能性文盲”。另外，大流行后美國(guó)13歲兒童的閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)是幾十年來(lái)最低的。

總部位于華盛頓的全球發(fā)展中心（CenterforGlobalDevelopment）最近估計(jì)，在過(guò)去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里，南亞和撒

哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)接受過(guò)5年教育的兒童的識(shí)字率下降了10%。戶可知，這些數(shù)字展示了目前讀寫能力的

狀況不容樂(lè)觀。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“ExpertsintheLjubljanaManifestorecordthedemeritsofdigitalreading:

“Recentstudiesofvariouskindsindicateadeclineofcriticalandconsciousreading,slowreading,nonstrategic

readingandlongformreading."（《盧布爾雅那宣言》的專家們記錄了數(shù)字閱讀的demerits：”最近各種各樣的

研究表明，批判性閱讀、有意識(shí)閱讀、慢讀、非戰(zhàn)略性閱讀和長(zhǎng)篇閱讀的數(shù)量正在下降。中“adeclineof

criticalandconsciousreading,slowreading,nonstrategicreadingandlongformreading”可矢口，這些者B是數(shù)字閱

讀盛行帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題和弊端，所以劃線詞demerits與drawbacks同義，意為“缺點(diǎn),弊端故選D項(xiàng)。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段力nshort,asprofessorsfromNorthwesternUniversityforesawin2005,weare

returningtothedayswhenonlyanelite（精英）“readingclass“consumeslongtexts,whichisworrying.（簡(jiǎn)而言

之，正如西北大學(xué)的教授們?cè)?005年所預(yù)見(jiàn)的那樣，我們正在回到只有精英“閱讀階層”才會(huì)閱讀長(zhǎng)文本的

時(shí)代，這令人擔(dān)憂。）”可知，文章最后表達(dá)了作者對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的擔(dān)憂，害怕我們會(huì)回到只有精英“閱讀階層”才

會(huì)閱讀長(zhǎng)文本的時(shí)代。由此推知，作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)就如何練習(xí)深度閱讀給出具體的建議。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2023?海南?校聯(lián)考——模）Forthefirsttime,scientistshavegrownplantsinthemoonsoilcollectedby

NASA'sApolloastronauts.Thescientistshadnoideaifanythingwouldgrowinthemoondirt.Theywantedto

seeifitcouldbeusedtogrowfoodbythenextgenerationofmoonexplorers.Theresultssurprisedthem.Plants

actuallycangrowinlunar（月球的）soil.

Theresearchersplantedthalecress（芥藍(lán)），asmallfloweringplant,inmoonsoilreturnedfromtheApollo

missions.Thegoodnewswasthatalloftheseedsgrew.Thebadnewswasthatafterthefirstweekthelunarsoil

stressedtheplantssomuchthattheygrewslowly.Mostofthemoonplantsendedupstunted-meaningsmallor

notfullydeveloped.

Thelongerthesoilwasexposedtoradiationandsolarwindonthemoon,theworsetheplantsseemedtodo.

ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11missionwastheleasthelpfulforgrowth.Itwasexposedacouplebillionyears

longertotheelements.

Scientistssaid,“Thisisabigstepforwardtoknowthatwecangrowplants.Therealnextstepistogoanddo

itonthesurfaceofthemoon.^^

Moondirtisfullofglassparticlesfrommicrometeorite（微小隕石）impacts.Onesolutionmightbetouse

youngergeologicspotsonthemoon,likelavaflows,fordiggingupsoil.Theenvironmentalsocouldbechanged

byaddingspecialnutrient（營(yíng)養(yǎng)物）mixturesorartificiallighting.

Only382kilogramsofmoonrocksandsoilwerebroughtbackbythesixApolloerewsthatlandedonthe

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moon.Mostofthemarestilllockedaway,forcingresearcherstoexperimentwithsoilmadeofvolcanicashon

Earth.

EarlylastyearNASAfinallygaveout12gramsofsoiltotheUniversityofFloridaresearchersforthe

plantingexperiment.NASAsaidthetimingforsuchanexperimentwasfinallyrightwiththespaceagency

lookingtoputastronautsbackonthemooninafewyears.

9.Whatistheresultoftheplantingexperimentwithlunarsoil?

A.Theplantscouldn'tgrownormally.B.Itwasdifficultfortheseedstogrow.

C.Theywerestruckbysomediseases.D.Thesoilwastoostressedfortheplantstogrow.

10.Whatisthefinalpurposeofthisexperiment?

A.Tocreateanewcrop.B.Toimprovelunarsoil.

C.Toplantonthemoon.D.Tofindtherightamountoflight.

11.Whydidthescientistsusevolcanicashfortesting?

A.Lunarsoilcannotbebroughtbackbyhumans.B.Lunarsoilwasdifficulttoobtainfortesting.

C.Lunarsoilisnotsuitableforplanting.D.Lunarsoilisthesameasvolcanicash.

12.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FutureAstronautsWillGrowFoodontheMoon

B.It'sTimetoStudyGrowingCropsontheMoon

C.LunarSoilConsistsofTinyGlassParticles

D.ScientistsGrowPlantsinDirtfromtheMoon

【答案】9.A10.C11.B12.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于月球上的泥土是否可以用來(lái)種植糧食的研究，結(jié)果發(fā)

現(xiàn)植物在月球土壤中不能正常生長(zhǎng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thegoodnewswasthatalloftheseedsgrew.Thebadnewswasthatafterthefirst

weekthelunarsoilstressedtheplantssomuchthattheygrewslowly.Mostofthemoonplantsendedup

stunted—meaningsmallornotfullydeveloped.（好消息是所有的種子都長(zhǎng)大了。壞消息是，在第一周之后，

月球土壤對(duì)植物的壓力太大，使它們生長(zhǎng)緩慢。大多數(shù)月球植物最終都發(fā)育不良，意思是很小或發(fā)育不完

全）”可知，月球土壤種植試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是植物不能正常生長(zhǎng)。故選A項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Forthefirsttime,scientistshavegrownplantsinthemoonsoilcollectedby

NASA'sApolloastronauts.Thescientistshadnoideaifanythingwouldgrowinthemoondirt.Theywantedto

seeifitcouldbeusedtogrowfoodbythenextgenerationofmoonexplorers.（科學(xué)家們首次在美國(guó)宇航局阿波

羅號(hào)宇航員收集的月球土壤中種植植物。科學(xué)家們不知道月球上的泥土里是否會(huì)有東西生長(zhǎng)。他們想看看

下一代月球探險(xiǎn)者是否可以用它來(lái)種植食物）”以及第四段“Scientistssaid,“Thisisabigstepforwardtoknow

thatwecangrowplants.Therealnextstepistogoanddoitonthesurfaceofthemoon.”（科學(xué)家彳門說(shuō)：“這是一

個(gè)很大的進(jìn)步，我們知道我們可以種植植物。真正的下一步是在月球表面進(jìn)行?！睆S可知，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的最終

目的是在月球上種植植物。故選C項(xiàng)。

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11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Only382kilogramsofmoonrocksandsoilwerebroughtbackbythesix

Apolloerewsthatlandedonthemoon.Mostofthemarestilllockedaway,forcingresearcherstoexperimentwith

soilmadeofvolcanicashonEarth.（“阿波羅”號(hào)的6艘飛船只帶回了382公斤的月球巖石和土壤。它們中的大

多數(shù)仍然被鎖起來(lái)，迫使研究人員用地球上的火山灰制成的土壤進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)）”可知，因?yàn)樵虑蛲寥篮茈y獲得

用于測(cè)試，所以科學(xué)家們要用火山灰進(jìn)行測(cè)試。故選B項(xiàng)。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Forthefirsttime,scientistshavegrownplantsinthemoonsoilcollectedby

NASA'sApolloastronauts.Thescientistshadnoideaifanythingwouldgrowinthemoondirt.Theywantedto

seeifitcouldbeusedtogrowfoodbythenextgenerationofmoonexplorers.Theresultssurprisedthem.Plants

actuallycangrowinlunar（月球的）soil.（科學(xué)家們首次在美國(guó)宇航局阿波羅號(hào)宇航員收集的月球土壤中種植

植物?？茖W(xué)家們不知道月球上的泥土里是否會(huì)有東西生長(zhǎng)。他們想看看下一代月球探險(xiǎn)者是否可以用它來(lái)

種植食物。結(jié)果讓他們大吃一驚。植物實(shí)際上可以在月球的土壤中生長(zhǎng)）”以及縱觀全文，可知本文主要介

紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于月球上的泥土是否可以用來(lái)種植糧食的研究，所以D項(xiàng)“ScientistsGrowPlantsinDirtfromthe

Moon（科學(xué)家在月球的泥土中種植植物）”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2023?廣東汕頭,?？家荒＃㏑acewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe

50kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethatarace

walker9skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）withtheground

atalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclyn

Norberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers

movingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldbumabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximately

twiceasmanyastheywouldbumwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablybumabout1,000

ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingto

herresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,

whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areunmonamong

racewalkers.Butthesporfsstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewitha

historyofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryrace

walkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakes

somepractice.

13.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

14.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.IfsmorepopularattheOlympics.B.Ifslesschallengingphysically.

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C.Ifsmoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

15.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts5opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.

16.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】13.C14.D15.A16.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了競(jìng)走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是之前受過(guò)傷的人，要想從事這

樣運(yùn)動(dòng)要謹(jǐn)慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butthesporfsrulesrequirethataracewalker9skneesstaystraightthroughmostof

thelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）w汕thegroundatalltimes.（但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則要求競(jìng)走者

的膝蓋在腿擺動(dòng)的大部分時(shí)間里保持直線，一只腳在任何時(shí)候都要與地面保持接觸）”可知，競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)

練有素是因?yàn)樗麄儽仨氉袷靥厥庖?guī)定。故選C。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchas

runne/sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.（因此，她說(shuō)，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在

競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員中并不常見(jiàn)）”可知，競(jìng)走的優(yōu)勢(shì)是不太可能造成膝蓋受傷。故選D。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后——段“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoach

orexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.（她說(shuō)，事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競(jìng)走的人都應(yīng)該先咨詢教

練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的選手，學(xué)習(xí)正確的技術(shù)）”可知，諾伯格博士建議競(jìng)走的人聽(tīng)取專家意見(jiàn)。故選A。

16.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第一段"Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.（研究表明，競(jìng)走和跑步有很多

健身的好處，但更有可能減少受傷。然而，它也有自己的問(wèn)題）”可推知，作者提到競(jìng)走的好處與問(wèn)題，即

對(duì)競(jìng)走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。

（2024?江西萍鄉(xiāng)?萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)?？家荒＃㊣magineyou'reoutforaneveningstrollinaforeigncity,lookingto

findarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou'relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdiners

becauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?

Naturallycopyingotherpeople'sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas

“herdbehaviour^^.Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,amonexamplebeing

sheep.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Afterall,there9s'"safetyinnumbers”.

Psychologyresearchsuggeststhatthephenomenonreliesontheexistenceofsocialconnectionsorpatterns

betweenindividualsaswellasspecificmechanismsofpassingoninformation.Akeyprerequisite（前提）isthe

humanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse'smentalstateandusing

theinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.

Contrarytothesocalled“wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroup

membersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonsocalled

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"informationcascades（信息、瀑布）“，wherepeopletakeonothers'beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcritically

assessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational（不理性的）orsimplystupid

behaviors.Consequently,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutes,includingunfavorableinfluencesonconsumer

choices,likeintherestaurantexampleabove.

However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,longterm

attitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowards

theirpeers,opinion,andquestioningothers'behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.

17.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled"herdbehaviour^^?

A.Choosingthemostcrowdedrestauranttodinein.

B.Askingfriendsforsuggestionswheninconfusion.

C.Runningoutimmediatelywhenthefirebellrings.

D.Analyzingaproductcarefullybeforebuyingit.

18.Animportantconditionforherdbehaviourliesin.

A.explaininglifepatterns

B.understandingsocialconnections

C.prehendingothers5mentalstate

D.sharinginformationamongindividuals

19.Whatleadstotheherdbehaviour?

A.Wisdomofcrowds.B.Uncertainoutes.

C.Lackofrationalanalyses.D.Enoughindividualopinions.

20.Howcanpeopleavoidthetheherdbehaviour?

A.Neverfollowthetrend.B.Keepaquestioningmind.

C.Saynotoanypopularevents.D.Standoppositeagainstthepublic.

【答案】17.A18.C19.C20.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章討論了跟隨他人行為的問(wèn)題，包括在選擇餐館時(shí)隨意跟隨人群的不良影

響并解釋了“羊群行為”的概念。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了跟隨他人行為的危險(xiǎn)性，因?yàn)檫@種行為往往不需要批判性思考,

可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行為。因此建議要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待跟隨他人行為，并要保持批判性思維。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Naturallycopyingotherpeople'sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththe

crowdisoftenreferredtoas"herdbehaviour”.（自然地模仿他人的想法或選擇或隨大流通常被稱為“從眾行

為“）”可知，選擇最擁擠的餐廳用餐被稱為“羊群行為”。故選A。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Akeyprerequisite（前提）isthehumanabilityto"mentalise”,whichmeans

beingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse'smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.（——

個(gè)關(guān)鍵的先決條件是人類“心理化”的能力，這意味著能夠閱讀和解讀他人的心理狀態(tài)，并利用這些信息來(lái)

解釋他們的選擇）“可知，“羊群行為”的一個(gè)重要條件是理解他人的心理狀態(tài)。故選C。

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19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Contrarytothesocalled“wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthe

judgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehavior

typicallyrelyonsocalled''informationcascades（信息瀑布）”,wherepeopletakeonothers9beliefsorcopytheir

choiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational（不

理性的）orsimplystupidbehaviors.（與所謂的“群體智慧”相反，當(dāng)個(gè)體群體成員的判斷被獨(dú)立收集以產(chǎn)生平

均意見(jiàn)時(shí)，“羊群行為”通常依賴于所謂的“信息瀑布”，人們?cè)跊](méi)有批判性地評(píng)估潛在原因的情況下接受他

人的信念或復(fù)制他們的選擇。這經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致模仿不合理的行為或愚蠢的行為。廠可知，缺乏理性的分析導(dǎo)致

了“羊群行為”。故選C。

20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherd

behaviour.Instead,longtermattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmore

criticalapproachestowardstheirpeers'opinion,andquestioningothers'behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowing

them.（然而，似乎沒(méi)有快速和簡(jiǎn)單的解決辦法來(lái)抵制群體行為的誘惑。相反，長(zhǎng)期的態(tài)度改變可能是必要

的，這可能涉及個(gè)人對(duì)同齡人的觀點(diǎn)采取更批判的態(tài)度，質(zhì)疑他人的行為，而不是盲目地追隨他們）”可知，

保持質(zhì)疑的心態(tài)可以避免從眾行為。故選B。

...24?江西萍鄉(xiāng)?萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)?？家荒＃㎜atenights,earlystarts,nightmares,anxiety,children...thereareso

manythingsthatcancutintoourshuteye.Whendoesthatthreatenourhealth——andwhatcanwedoaboutit?

Tostartwiththebasics:ifyouaregettinganywherefromseventoninehoursanight,you'reprobablyfine.

Butyoushouldcertainlygetconcernedwithconsistentlysleepinglessthansevenhoursanight,andreally

concernedifitdroppedtosixorbelow."Ifyouarewakingupalotinthenight,thiswillimpactthequantityand

qualityofyoursleep,whichcanleadtoharminyourimmunesystem,impairmentingut（腸道）healthandmany

othersideeffects,saysChristopherBarker,apersonaltrainerandsleepmanagementadviser."Itmaybean

indicatorofasleepdisorderoranotherunderlyinghealthcondition-ifyou'reconcernedaboutanyofthese

issues,it'sworthtalkingtoyourdoctor.”

SowhatisyourbestbetforcatchingsomequalityZs?Well,startduringtheday.Trytoexposeyourselfto

sunlightduringthedaytokeepyourcircadianrhythmsontrack.Physicalactivitycanalsohelp:sleepandexercise

haveabidirectionalrelationship.Ina2022poll,participantswhoundertookvigorousphysicalactivitytendedto

fallasleepfaster,wokeuplessduringthenightandwokeupfeelingrefreshed,paredwithnonexercisers.

Whenifstimeforbed,makesureyouturninatareasonablyconsistenthour,andkeepyoursleephygienein

shape."Youshouldtrytokeepyourweekendroutinewithinonetotwohoursofyourweekdayone,andkeep

themhighlyconsistent,saysBarker."I'dalsosuggestkeepingyourbedroomfreeofelectronics,andkeepitcool

anddark.Ioftenworkwithathletes,andoneofthefirstthingsIaskthemtodoisactivatetheirdevices'night

mode,whichcutsdownontheemissionofbluelightthatcanimpedesleep.Ideally,stayoffallofyourdevicesfor

anhourbeforebed.”

Oh,andtakingadeepbreathreallycanwork:thereisevidencethatitactivatesyourparasympatheticnervous

system（副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）andwindsyoudown.

21.Whydoestheauthormention“somanythings99inthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Tomakeparisons.

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C.Tosupporthis/herargument.D.Toseekopinions.

22.Whatmaybeanindicatorofasleepdisorder?

A.Deepbreath.B.Gutdisfort.

C.Sufficientbedtime.D.Sleepconsistency.

23.HowcanwegetqualityZs?

A.Exerciseregularly.B.Workwithathletes.

C.Keepweekendsbusy.D.Activatedigitaldevices.

24.Whafsthetextmainlyabout?

A.Stressfromapoorsleep.

B.Trendofsleepinglessatnight.

C.Badhabitsthatthreatenourhealth.

D.Waystogetaconsistentgoodsleep.

【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了睡眠障礙對(duì)身體的傷害以及介紹了如何獲得持續(xù)良好睡眠的方

法的方法。

21.推理判斷題。