———2026年中考英語專題復習：選擇型閱讀解題技巧講義目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u一、題型概述 3二、解題步驟 3三、考試清單 4考點①細節(jié)理解題 4考法1直接信息題 4考法2間接信息題 5考法3細節(jié)排序題 6考點②推理判斷題高頻 9考法1針對文章細節(jié)進行推斷 10考法2推斷作者/人物的態(tài)度、觀點、感情色彩、語氣、傾向、性格/品質(zhì)特點等 12考法3推斷文章后續(xù)發(fā)展（新考法） 14考法4推斷文章出處或讀者對象 16考法5推斷寫作意圖 18考點③詞義猜測題高頻 20考點④主旨大意題高頻 27考點⑤標題歸納題高頻 31考點⑥代詞指代題（高頻） 35考點⑦文章結(jié)構(gòu)題（新考法） 36考點⑧句子還原題（新考法） 39考點⑨寫作手法題（新考法） 42考點⑩圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題（新考法） 43一、題型概述選擇型閱讀主要考查學生通過文章獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的語言綜合運用能力。研究近年中考題發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了涉及傳統(tǒng)的細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題等考點外，逐漸增加了新考點的考查比例，如文章結(jié)構(gòu)題、句子還原題、寫作手法題、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題、跨學科綜合題等，這更加注重對學生思維能力的考查。二、解題步驟（1）通讀全文，把握主題。通讀時要關注文章標題，語篇的首尾段和各段的首尾句；要迅速抓住每段文本中的關鍵性詞語，厘清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清文章中的人物、時間、地點、事件、原因、經(jīng)過（即五個W:who、when、where、what、why和一個H:how）等要素，了解作者的觀點和意圖，把握文章主題。（2）根據(jù)試題，再讀重點。在理解文章大意的基礎上，對每道題目進行詳細剖析，結(jié)合上下文，標注解題的關鍵信息。有時需要運用邏輯思維進行推理。（3）排除干擾，確定答案。對選擇型閱讀理解題目中所給的幾個選項要認真對比，仔細鑒別。對于某些干擾選項，要細讀全文，分析與問題相關的詞匯、段落。采取排除法，集中精力解決難點，確定答案。三、考試清單考點①細節(jié)理解題考點②推理判斷題考點③詞義猜測題考點④主旨大意題考點⑤標題歸納題考點⑥代詞指代題考點⑦文章結(jié)構(gòu)題（新考法）考點⑧句子還原題（新考法）考點⑨寫作手法題（新考法）考點⑩圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題（新考法）考點①細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題主要考查學生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、原因（why）、結(jié)果、數(shù)據(jù)等。主要分三類：直接信息題、間接信息題、細節(jié)排序題。此類試題大多可以在文章中找到與答案有關的信息或是其變體?？挤?直接信息題方法關鍵信息定位法：Step1通過題干信息確定關鍵信息，如與人物、事件、地點、時間等相關的名詞、動詞或句子。Step2在原文中查尋關鍵詞原詞（或派生詞、近/反義詞）所在句子，并細讀相關句子。Step3比對選項和原文細節(jié)，確定答案。例（2024天津中考節(jié)選）Inthemorning，DanielandPeterfinishedtheirbreakfastquickly.Theyputontheirschooluniforms（校服），tooktheirschoolbagsandwalkedquicklytothebusstop.Theyhadtowaitfortheirschoolbusasusual.Theywaitedforhalfanhourbutthebusdidn'tcome.Thetwobrotherswerestartingtogetworried.Theydidnotwanttobelateforschool.HowdidDanielandPeterfeelwhentheirschoolbusdidn’tcome?A.Angry.B.Excited.C.Lonely.D.Worried.解題思路根據(jù)題干中的feel和"whentheirschoolbusdidn’tcome"可以定位到第四、五句"Theywaitedforhalfanhourbutthebusdidn'tcome.Thetwobrotherswerestartingtogetworried."，由此可知他們的感受是"擔憂的"，故選D。考法2間接信息題方法Step1閱讀題干，確定關鍵信息。Step2在原文中找到相關句子，然后將原文信息進行適當轉(zhuǎn)換。注意選項與原文間的語意轉(zhuǎn)換，如同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實、圖文轉(zhuǎn)換等。Step3對比原文轉(zhuǎn)換后的信息與選項，確定答案。例（2024安徽中考節(jié)選）Thereareabout8，000millionpeoplelivingonourplanet，butsomeofthemdon'thaveenoughfood.Lastyear，morethan820millionpeoplesuffered（遭受）fromhunger.That'ssad.What'smore，itshouldn'tbeaproblemsincetheworldwastesabout930milliontonsoffoodeachyear.Howmanypeoplesufferedfromhungerlastyear?A.Over820million.B.About930million.C.Over7，180million.D.About8，000million.解題思路根據(jù)題干中的"peoplesufferedfromhunger""lastyear"可定位到第二句"Lastyear，morethan820millionpeoplesufferedfromhunger."。morethan與over同義，表示"多于"。故選A。考法3細節(jié)排序題方法Step1找出第一個動作和最后一個動作，縮小選擇范圍。Step2對比縮小范圍后的選項，找出其區(qū)別，然后在文中尋找相關內(nèi)容；根據(jù)文章發(fā)展脈絡，結(jié)合表示時間關系的連詞或副詞判斷事件發(fā)展的先后順序。Step3選出正確的順序后與原文進行對比、復查，從而確定正確答案。例（2024云南中考）Natureisamazing!Takeacloselookattheworldofinsects（昆蟲），andyou'lldiscovermanyunbelievablethings.Considerbutterflies，forexample.Theyhavebeautiful，colorfulwings，andstrong，fantasticflyingskills.Onsummerdays，youalwaysseethemflyingfreelyoverflowergardensandwildfields.But，didyouknowhowbutterfliesbecometheflyinginsects?It'soneoftheamazingwondersofnature.Inthebeginning，femalebutterflieslayasmallandcolorfuleggonaleaforstem（莖）ofaplant.It'shardtobelievethattheeggwillbecomesomethingcompletelydifferentinafewdays.Itbecomesawalkinginsect.Thisinsectiscalledcaterpillar.Itnowhaslegs，eyesandalargebody.Anewlifehasbegun.Thecaterpillarcaneat，walkandsee.Butitisstillnotabutterfly.Soon，aftergrowingbig，thecaterpillarmakesacoverforitself.Itcoversitselfintheniceprotectiveblanket（保護層）andgoestosleep.Thisstageisknownasthe"pupa（蛹）"stage.Afteraperiodoftime，theblanketbreaksandawet，weakbutterflyappears.Itnowhassixlegs，amouth，eyesandwings.Shortly，thewingsfillwithblood，andthebeautiful，colorfulbutterflyspreadsitswingsandfliesaway.Afterafewweeks，thisadultbutterflylayshereggs，andthecyclebeginsalloveragain.Thisisjustoneexampleofthewondersofnature.Lookaroundthenaturalworld，andyouwilllearnmanytrulyamazingthings.Whatistherightorderofthedevelopmentprocess（發(fā)育過程）ofabutterfly?①Itbecomesapupa.②Itbecomesawalkinginsect.③Femalebutterflieslayanegg.④Itspreadswingsandfliesaway.A.①→②→③→④B.①→②→④→③C.③→②→①→④D.③→②-→④-→①解題思路根據(jù)第二段最后一句中"Inthebeginning，femalebutterflieslayasmallandcolorfuleg"可知，③為第一個步驟，可排除選項A、B，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中"thebeautiful，colorfulbutterflyspreadsitswingsandfliesaway"可知④為最后一個步驟，可排除選項D，故選C?？键c②推理判斷題高頻推理判斷題著重考查學生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關系進行推理、判斷。此類試題難度較大，涉及面較廣，如推斷人物的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)尾、故事的寓意、文章的出處、文章的體裁、作者的傾向和態(tài)度等。做題時一定要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁，透過字里行間去體會作者的"弦外之音"，力求從作者的角度出發(fā)，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。推理判斷題的設問方式一般有：1.針對文章細節(jié)進行推斷①Whatcanweinferfromthe...paragraph?②Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?③Whichofthefollowingstatementdoesthepassagesupport?④Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?2.推斷作者/人物的態(tài)度、觀點、感情色彩、語氣、傾向、性格/品質(zhì)特點等①Howdid…feelwhen…?②Howdidsb.'sfeelingschange?③Whichword（s）canbestdescribe…?④Theauthorwritesthetextprobablyinatone（語氣）.⑤Whatisthewriter'sopinion/attitude（態(tài)度）towardsthetopic?3.推斷文章后續(xù)發(fā)展（新考法）①Whatdoyouthinkhappenedlateraccordingtothestory?②Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?③Whatwillthewritertalkaboutinthenextparagraph?4.推斷文章出處或讀者對象①Wheredoyouprobablyreadthepassage?②Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?③Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthepassage?④Whoisthetextwrittenfor?⑤Whomightbeveryinterestedinthepassage?5.推斷寫作意圖①The（writer'smain）purposeofwritingthispassageisto.②Theauthorwrotethearticlemainlyto.③Thepassagemainlyhelpsusto.④Thepassageiswrittento.⑤Whatisthewriter'spurposeof/inwritingthispassage/thetext?⑥What'sthepurposeofthetext/materialabove?考法1針對文章細節(jié)進行推斷方法Step1確定題干關鍵詞，對照關鍵詞在文中定位相關線索；Step2抓住原文關鍵信息，以全文/段主旨和中心為依據(jù)，仔細推敲其內(nèi)在含義?！鹱⒁猗偃裟骋粋€選項的意思與原文一致，屬于同義替換，則為正確選項；②若某選項表達內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗相吻合，而文中并未涉及，則屬于錯誤選項；③與原文相?；蛘咔馕囊猓卜钦_選項。例（2024山東日照中考節(jié)選）SincewecannotavoidChatGPTandotherAI-poweredappsfromenteringthefieldofeducation，weshouldmakeeffortstomakesuretheyhaveapositiveimpact（積極影響）onsocietyandthefutureofeducation.AIhelpstomakelearningmuchmoreinterestingandenjoyable，buthumansneedtoworkveryhardtowintheracewithtechnology.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.AIappsstillhavealongwaytogo.B.Humanswillbeleftbehindbytechnology.C.ThefutureofeducationdependsonAIapps.D.AImustbemadegooduseofineducation.解題思路由題干中的lastparagraph定位到文章最后一段。根據(jù)第一句中"weshouldmakeeffortstomakesuretheyhaveapositiveimpactonsocietyandthefutureofeducation"可推知，在教育中必須確保人工智能發(fā)揮積極影響。D選項與該句意思一致，故選D?？挤?推斷作者/人物的態(tài)度、觀點、感情色彩、語氣、傾向、性格/品質(zhì)特點等方法做題時應注意以下4點：①看清楚題干中提問的是作者還是文中人物對某件事的態(tài)度，再定位關鍵信息并進行分析；②利用文中描寫環(huán)境或表達感情色彩、觀點態(tài)度的詞語或句子推斷作者/人物的觀點態(tài)度；③利用文中相關人物的話語或行為判斷其觀點態(tài)度；④切勿用自己的觀點代替作者或文中人物的觀點。表達情感的形容詞：pleased高興的，regretful后悔的，nervous緊張的，hopeful充滿希望的，proud自豪的，thankful感激的，surprised驚訝的，sorry歉疚的，excited興奮的，afraid害怕的，worried擔心的，upset沮喪的，angry生氣的，interested感興趣的，bored厭倦的，troubled煩惱的，shocked震驚的，lucky幸運的，enjoyable愉快的，tired疲憊的，painful痛苦的，embarrassed尷尬的表達人物性格/品質(zhì)特點的形容詞：humorous幽默的，serious嚴肅的，gentle溫柔的，brave勇敢的，outstanding外向的，honest誠實的，independent獨立的，wise明智的，active積極的，patient有耐心的，polite有禮貌的，energetic有活力的，creative有創(chuàng)意的，calm冷靜的，strict嚴格的表達態(tài)度的形容詞：positive肯定的、積極的，supportive支持的，optimistic樂觀的，confident自信的，negative否定的、消極的，passive消極的，doubtful懷疑的，objective客觀的，neutral中立的，indifferent不關心的例（2024江西中考）ABrightIdeaEvansWadongowasfromavillageofAfrica.Hehadtodohomeworkbythelightofakerosenelamp（煤油燈）.Evans'eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.Itwascommoninhisvillage.Manychildrenleftschoolforthisreason..sotheyremainedpoorfortherestoftheirlives.Althoughstudyingwasdifficult，Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.Hecontinuedtoworryaboutthekerosenelamp.Bythistime，herealizeditwasnotjustbadforschoolchildrenbutforthewholefamily.First，itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also，thelightcanhurtpeople'seyes.Besides，itcanleadtofires.Lastly，keroseneisexpensive，sofamilieshavelessmoneyforfood.Itwasdifficulttocomeupwithadifferentkindoflampthatwascheapandgoodfortheenvironment.YetEvansdidnotgiveup.Oneday，hehadanidea.Hecoulduseasmallsolar（太陽能的）light.Sunlightisfreeandsolarpowerisgoodfortheenvironment.Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp，anditworked.Hebegantobuildmorelampsandsentthemtolocalfamilies.Anorganizationheardaboutthisandprovidedmoneyforhimtobuildmoresolarlamps.Eachlamponlycost$20.However，thiswasalotofmoneytomanyvillagers，whoonlyearnedaround$34aweek，soEvansmadesurehekeptthecostdown.First，Evansusedrecycledmaterials.Next，volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally，peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam，sothelampswereusuallyfree.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia，amotherofthree，said，"ThankstoEvans，mychildrenhavelighttoread，andIhavemyownlighttocook."Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.WhatisEvanslikeaccordingtothepassage?A.Polite，talentedandhumorous.B.Quiet，smartandhonest.C.Humorous，cleverandfriendly.D.Hard-working，lovingandcreative.解題思路推斷品質(zhì)特點。題干問的是Evans的特點。由第二段第一句可知，Evans學習很勤奮；由Evans想盡辦法降低太陽能燈的價格，想讓多數(shù)村民都用得起可知，他很有愛心；由Evans發(fā)明太陽能燈可知，他很有創(chuàng)造力，故選D?？挤?推斷文章后續(xù)發(fā)展（新考法）方法Step1閱讀全文，把握文章的主旨大意，梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)，推斷作者的思路；Step2仔細閱讀文中需續(xù)寫部分前面的句子，找出提示后文發(fā)展的語句，然后順著文章情節(jié)發(fā)展或邏輯順序做出準確推斷；Step3結(jié)合備選項，選出正確答案。例（2024浙江寧波中考節(jié)選）Aswebeganourtask，Mr.JohnsonturnedontheCDplayer.Thelivelymusicmadetheroomfeellikeaparty.Someofusstartedsingingalongwiththemusic，othersweredancingaroundtheirdeskswhiletheywerecleaningthemout.EvenMr.Johnsonshowedusafewdancesteps，makingeveryonelaughheartily.Afterwefinishedcleaning，someoneasked，"Whenisbreaktime?"Mr.Johnsontookoutsomeballsandstartedplayingwiththem.Suddenly，helettheballsdropandsaid，"Breaktimestarts..now!"Justaswewereabouttorushout，ourheadmaster，Mrs.Miller，appearedatthedoor."Mr.Johnson!"shecriedout.Amomentofsilencefellovertheroomaswethought，"Mr.Johnsonmightbeintrouble."However，tooursurprise，Mrs.Millercouldn'thelpbutlaughatthesightandleftustoenjoyourbreak.Duringbreaktime，Mr.Johnsonsurpriseduswithanothertreat.Hewenttothecafeandcamebackwithicecreamsforeveryone.Weallcheeredforhim!Aswewalkedbacktotheclassroom，wepassedMrs.Miller'soffice.Someonejoked，"Don'tplaywiththeicecreams，Mr.Johnson!"Wealllaughedtogether...Whichofthefollowingmostprobablyhappenedattheendofthestory?A.Thestudentswentbackhomehappily.B.Mr.Johnsonbecameangrywiththestudents.C.Thestudentsstillhadareadingtest.D.Mrs.Millercameoutrunningafterthestudents.解題思路根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，這一天大家在學校里度過了愉快的時光。由文章最后"Wealllaughedtogether.."可知，學生們都很開心，因此A選項"學生們開開心心地回家。"符合語境，故選A。考法4推斷文章出處或讀者對象方法1.推斷文章出處：結(jié)合選項所涉及的各類文體的語言特點及文章主要內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)特點進行推斷。newspaper/newsreport:時效性強advertisement/ad:產(chǎn)品、電影、演出等的介紹travelguide:旅游景點介紹sciencereport/studyreport:科普知識、研究結(jié)果介紹letter/e-mail:有特定的書信/郵件格式poem:有明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)和韻律diary:有寫作日期、天氣等，記錄事件或感受magazine:內(nèi)容豐富、專題性強，文章通常為某一專題website:文章中有click、online、web、website等詞或網(wǎng)址2.推斷文章讀者對象：注意表達中出現(xiàn)的人物關系描述；由your.…確定文章讀者，常見讀者有teachers、students、parents、teenagers、neighbors、customers等。例（2023江蘇連云港中考）Manyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshiningagainafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow，theconditionsneedtobejustright.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair，likerainorevenfog，andweneedthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.Thelightthatcomesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhitelightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoesthrougharaindrop，thesecolorscanseparateout.Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent"wavelength"（波長）.Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballsofwater，thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis"refraction"（折射）.Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelighthitstheraindropattherightplace，therefractionseparatesthewavelengthsoutintotheirdifferentcolors.Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red，orange，yellow，green，blue，indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeachotherintherainbow，whichiswhywecanseeturquoise（amixofblueandgreen）.Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren'tnexttoeachotherintherainbow，sowedon'tseethemmixtomakebrown.Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatweseewhenthere'snolightatall.Ontheotherhand，whiteisamixofallthecolorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops，itseparatesthewhitelightout，meaningitisnolongerwhite.Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?A.Science.B.Health.C.Culture.D.Fashion.解題思路根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了彩虹的相關科學知識，所以文章應該來自雜志的科學部分，故選A?？挤?推斷寫作意圖方法1.分析文體特點①記敘文：totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertainreaders;②說明文：tointroduce/toexplainathing;③議論文：toargue/toprove/toshowapoint;④應用文：tosellaproduct/toattractvisitors/topersuadereaders。2.解讀寫作手法①提出問題/介紹與主題有關的事物，答案一般含有tobringin/introduce等詞；②舉例或引用某人的話，答案一般含有tosupport/show等詞。3.尋找寫作主旨一般需重點關注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨來推斷寫作目的。例（2024湖南長沙中考）Itiscommonlybelievedthatchildrenaretooyoungtofullyappreciate（理解）theexperienceandknowledgeoftheirelders，whilemanythinkthatoldpeopledon'tunderstandtheyoung.Butactually（事實上），bothgroupshavealottolearnfromeachother.JamesSmithrunstheSmith'sCareHomeinmycity.Itismainlyanorganization（機構(gòu)）forservingtheelderly.Butnotallofitsvisitorsareoldpeople.Thehomealsoincludesachildcarecenterforpre-schoolkids.Thereisaplaygroundinthecarehome，wheretheelderlycanplaywiththekids.Inthisway，theycanlearnmoreabouteachother，andrespect（尊重）andunderstandoneanother.Isupposethisisquiteaninterestingidea.Foronething，weliveinaworldwheretherearemoreandmoreoldpeople.Theworldisfacingthisproblemanditspopulationages.Itwillbeimportantforyoungpeopletobeabletounderstandandcarefortheelderlyinthecomingyears.Regretfully，myowngrandparentsweren'taroundwhenIwaslittle，astheyhadalreadypassedaway.Inevergottolearnwhattheworldwaslikethroughtheireyes，orwhatkindsofproblemstheymighthavefacedwhentheyweremyage.Tome，theirliveswillalwaysbeamystery—hardtounderstandorexplain.However，IthinkIcanstilllearnfromotherpeopleofoldergenerations（輩）.Imightfindsomeoftheirideasoutofdate，andtheymightbelievethatmygeneration'swayofthinkingisstrangeorincorrect.Butwecanstilllearnfromeachotheranyway.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainwhytheworld'spopulationages.B.Toencouragedifferentgenerationstolearnfromeachother.C.Toshowthatoldergenerations'waysofthinkingareincorrect.解題思路由第一段最后一句"Butactually，bothgroupshavealottolearnfromeachother."及最后一段最后一句"Butwecanstilllearnfromeachotheranyway."可知，本文的主要目的是鼓勵各代人之間互相學習。故選B?？键c③詞義猜測題高頻常見的設題方式有：①Theunderlinedwordinthe...paragraphmeans/refersto?②Accordingtothepassage，…probablymeans?③Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword?④What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?方法1根據(jù)定義猜測詞義：①下定義：be、mean、referto、becalled/named、namely、thatis、beconsidered等詞/短語后面的內(nèi)容是對前面的注解性說明，相當于對前面的詞語下定義；②同位語/同位語從句：同位語（從句）是對其前內(nèi)容的解釋說明；③定語從句（尤其注意which/who引導的非限制性定語從句）；④標點符號：注意破折號、冒號、分號后的內(nèi)容以及引號或括號中的內(nèi)容；例（2022湖南長沙中考節(jié)選）（Para.2）However，theseenjoyablephotosandvideoshidethedamage（損害）thattheonlinetradeisdoingtootters（水獺）.Infact，wildottersarefacingmanythreats-theyhavelongbeenhunted（獵殺）fortheircoats;insomeplaces，fishermenhavebeenkillingottersinordertostopthemfromeatingfish;andnow，theonlinepettradehasbecomeanotherbigproblemforotters.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"threats"meaninParagraph2?A.機遇B.威脅C.選擇解題思路破折號的功能之一是解釋說明，故畫線詞與下文"theyhavelongbeen..forotters"表達的意思相同，即"威脅"，故選B。方法2根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義。舉例常用語有forexample、forinstance、suchas、like、including等，有時不會直接出現(xiàn)舉例常用語，這時候要注意判斷畫線詞后的句子是否為例子。例（2024湖北武漢中考節(jié)選）（Para.2）★.Whenhewasaround4or5，healwayslovedtowatchdifferentinsects，especiallybeautifulswallowtails（鳳蝶）.Oneinterestingfacthelearnedaboutswallowtailswasthattheirbrightcolorswarnedhungryanimalsthattheytastedbad.Anditwasalsofuntowatchhowtheycameintobeing.Butthereasonhereallyfellinlovewiththemwasthattheywereveryaccessible.Forexample，ifyouwantedtoattract（吸引）swallowtails，youplantedsomezinnias，akindofbrightflower.Theunderlinedword"accessible"inparagraph2means"".A.dangeroustofeedB.easytogetclosetoC.hardtoraiseD.safetoreach解題思路由畫線詞后的Forexample可知，后面的內(nèi)容是對畫線詞的舉例說明。"ifyouwantedtoattractswallowtails，youplantedsomezinnias…"說明鳳蝶是"容易接近的"。故選B。方法3根據(jù)因果關系猜測詞義。表因果關系的常用語有because、since、for、so、sothat等。例（2024湖南懷化中考節(jié)選）（Para.2）ButHenryleavesAntarctica.Atfirst，heissohappybecausethewaterisstillcoldandeverythingoutsideofAntarcticaisdifferentandbeautiful.Buthedoesn'tknowhismotherisfollowinghim.Asheswimsfartheraway，hefindsthatthewateriswarmerandwarmer.Andhefeelsexhausted，sohehastostophistrip.Heisafraidanddoesn'tknowwhattodo.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exhausted"mean?A.疲勞的B.興奮的C.羞愧的解題思路根據(jù)本段中"Asheswimsfartheraway，hefindsthatthewateriswarmerandwarmer."可知，它游到了很遠的地方，結(jié)合后面的"sohehastostophistrip"可知，它應是感到疲憊不堪，所以才不得不停止旅行。故選A。方法4根據(jù)并列/同義/近義或反義等關系猜測詞義。具體方法如下：表并列/同義/近義：①注意由and、or連接的詞組，如happyanddelighted，通過happy可猜測delighted意為"愉快的";②注意在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義或近義詞。表反義：①注意表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的連詞或副詞，如but、while、however等；②注意與not搭配的或表否定意義的短語。例1（2024廣東廣州中考節(jié)選）（Para.2）ForMary，shewantstomakesurethathernewrobotdoesn'tlooktoomuchlikeahuman.Shewantspeopletojusttreatitasamachine-person.Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine，shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.Maryalsobelievesthatrobotfacesdon'tneedtolookalotlikeours.Herresearchshowsthatwecanenjoycommunicatingwithrobotswhetherornottheylooklikehumans，becauseourbrainsareabletolookforfaces.Justputtwocirclesontopofarobot'sbody，andwewillseeaface.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"creepy"meaninparagraph2?A.Uncomfortabletolookat.B.Impossibletotouch.C.Boringtotalkto.D.Difficulttounderstand.解題思路根據(jù)并列關系猜測詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的andfeelafraid可推知，creepy的意思應與"讓人害怕的"相近，選項A"看起來不適"符合語境，故選A。例2（2024四川成都中考節(jié)選）GroupA:Weliveinafast-developingworldandusingsnailmailisunnecessary.Makingpaperuseslotsofenergyandsomecardsarehardtorecycle.It'sbadfortheenvironment.What’smore，cardsareexpensivetobuyandsoisposting.Nowadays，weusuallyuseourphonesandcomputersbecausetheyarequick，easyandfree.Traditionalcardsandlettersareoutofdate.Theyarenotyoungpeople'scupoftea.It'snosurprisethatmostofthemendupaslitter.Whichpicturecanshowthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsnail?解題思路根據(jù)反義關系猜測詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的"Weliveinafast-developingworld"可知我們生活在一個快速發(fā)展的世界，由unnecessary判斷畫線詞表示的含義與"快速發(fā)展"相反，三幅圖片中蝸牛移動速度很慢，符合題意，故選A。方法5根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。主要分為兩類：①派生法：在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個新詞，通過詞根及前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出新單詞的意思。②合成法：兩個或兩個以上獨立的單詞合成一個新單詞，通過每個獨立單詞的詞義，就可猜出新單詞的意思。例（2024重慶中考A節(jié)選）（Para.5）UptillnowtheKinghadbeentalkinginatiresomeway，whichmadeitquiteclearthathewasn'treallyinterestedinwhattheyweresaying，buthesuddenlygaveCaspianasharp（銳利的）look.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tiresome"inParagraph5mean?A.Fantastic.B.Boring.C.Funny.D.Wrong.解題思路tirev.厭煩，厭倦；-some為形容詞后綴，意為"引起（或易于）……的"，由此可猜測tiresome表示"令人厭煩的"，與boring同義，故選B。方法6根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義。在閱讀有關日常生活或大家比較熟悉的事物的文章時，我們可以利用科普知識和生活常識等來推測有些生詞的含義。例（2024河南中考節(jié)選）Hereishowbicycle-poweredenergyworksWhenastudentpedalsthebike，thebackwheelspins.Thewheelspinsthegenerator.Thegeneratorproduceselectricity.Aslongasastudentpedalsthebicycle，electricitymovesthroughthegenerator.Theelectricitycanbeusedrightaway.Thisenergycanalsobestoredandusedlater.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spins"meaninthetext?A.Fallsdownsuddenly.B.Breaksupcompletely.C.Movesupanddownslowly.D.Turnsroundandroundquickly.解題思路畫線詞所在句"Whenastudentpedalsthebike，thebackwheel..."意為"當一個學生踩自行車踏板，后輪……"。根據(jù)生活常識可推測，畫線詞的意思為"快速轉(zhuǎn)動"。故選D?？键c④主旨大意題高頻文章/段落大意類試題要求考生在閱讀和理解文章的基礎上對文章段落或全文內(nèi)容進行歸納、概括或評價。解答這類題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語就斷章取義。主旨大意題的設問方式一般有：①Whatdoesthetext/Paragraph…mainlytellus?②What'sthemainideaofthetext/Paragraph…?③Whatdoesthetext/Paragraph…explain?④Whatlessondoesthetextteach?⑤Whichofthefollowingquestionsisansweredinthepassage?方法找主題句。主題句常見的位置如下：①主題句出現(xiàn)在文/段首。第一句點明主題，隨后用細節(jié)來解釋、論證或發(fā)展主題思想。②主題句出現(xiàn)在文/段尾。文章/段落先闡述細節(jié)，然后歸納要點，最后得出結(jié)論，概括主題。③主題句隱含在全文/全段當中，沒有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章，要根據(jù)文章/段落的細節(jié)來分析，概括出文章/段落的主題。○注意主旨大意題容易出現(xiàn)以下幾種錯誤：1.以偏概全：只抓住了主題的一個方面就誤以為是主題。2.過于籠統(tǒng)：歸納的主題太寬泛，與細節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對細節(jié)加以充分論證。3.主觀臆斷：讀者根據(jù)自己的想法對文章進行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。4.放大或縮小文章的主題。例1（2024安徽中考節(jié)選）（Para.2）Althoughfarmingwasnewtohim，GilltookthechallengeandhisexperienceshelpedhimwritehisbookAceandtheAnimalHeroes.ThestoryfollowsAce，whoselifechangesgreatlywhenhemovestothecountryside.Aftertryingonapairofmagicalwellies（長筒靴），Acerealizeshecanspeaktotheanimals，whomakeuptheirmindstoprotectthefarm.What'sparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Gill'sfarm.B.Gill'sfamily.C.Gill'sbook.D.Gill'sanimals.解題思路主題句在段首。"Althoughfarmingwasnewtohim，GilltookthechallengeandhisexperienceshelpedhimwritehisbookAceandtheAnimalHeroes."為本段主題句，由此可知，本段主要講Gill的書。故選C。例2（2024江蘇揚州中考節(jié)選）（Para.1）Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinbiodiversityprotection.BuildinganationalparksystemisoneofthegreatestjobsthatChinahasdonesofar.InOctober2021，China'sfirstfivenationalparksweredesignated（認定）.Theyarehometonearly30%oftheearth'skeywildlifespecies（物種）foundinChina，coveringaprotectedlandareaof230，000squarekilometers.Thistablewillinformyouofthefirstfivenationalparks—China'streasuresinnature.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.WhenChina'sfirstfivenationalparkswerediscovered.B.SomegeneralinformationofChina'sfirstfivenationalparks.C.WhatchallengesChina'sfirstfivenationalparksarefacing.D.Someactionstoprotectthewildlifespeciesintheseparks.解題思路主題句在段尾。由文章的主題句（第一段最后一句）"Thistablewillinformyouofthefirstfivenationalparks—China'streasuresinnature."可知，文章主要介紹了中國五個國家公園的概況，故選B。例3（2024四川成都中考）a→LocalsCareforNaturalWorldGrasslandsandlakesinSanjiangyuanhavetakenonanewlookandmanywildanimalshavecomeback.OnJanuary24，2003，ChinasetupSanjiangyuanNationalNatureReservetoprotecttheareaandthewildlife.Localpeoplejoinedintheproject，pickingupwasteandprotectingtheanimals.b→ChinaSuccessfullyGrowsRiceinSpaceHowtogrowfoodinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday?Fornearly40years，Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseeds（種子）inspace.RecentlygrowingriceatTiangongSpaceStationmakesabigstepforward.ItcanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.c→ DoctorsSenttoWestAfricaDoctorsareflyingtoanislandoffthecoastofWestAfricaafteranewflubrokeout.Theywilltestdifferentmedicinestofindawaytodealwithit.Togetthingsbetter，theywillalsooffermedicalcareandhelptrainlocalnursesthere.d→▲AstrongearthquakehitTürkiyeonFebruary6.Morethan8，000internationalrescuers（救援人員）aroundtheworldwenttohelp，includingtheBlueSkyRescueTeamfromChina.Theyhelpedsavelivesandrebuildhomes.e→ScientistsFightagainstPlasticPollutionAnaturalmaterial，fungi（真菌），usedtobreakdownatypeofplasticcalledpolypropylene，turnedouttobeuseful.ScientistsattheUniversityofSydneyfoundthatafter90days，between25%and27%ofpolypropylenebrokedownandafter140days，polypropylenebecamecompletelysafe.What'sthethemesharedbyallthepassages?A.Challengesandchances.B.Responsibilityandsuccess.C.Problemsandefforts.解題思路主題句隱含在全文中。分析幾則新聞內(nèi)容可知，它們均與"問題和為此做出的努力"相關。故選C。考點⑤標題歸納題高頻最佳標題的特點為精煉醒目、概括范圍準確、有深刻含義或包含高頻詞，能夠吸引讀者興趣。它與文章中心思想相關，做題時應注意文章中反復出現(xiàn)或強調(diào)的信息。解答這類題目時，注意說明文的標題多為高頻詞，記敘文的標題多為有深意的內(nèi)容。標題歸納題的設問方式一般有：①What'sthebesttitleforthetext?②What'sthepropertitleforthetext?方法1根據(jù)主語句提煉標題Step1尋找文章/段落的主題句（具體可參考考點4的方法）。Step2概括主旨大意，對照選項選出正確答案。例（2024廣東中考）Someanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofant，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.Theycangoasfaras110metresandbringfoodhome.Theseantsliveintheopendesert（沙漠），sotheyhavenothingtoguidethemalongtheway.It'slikesomeonewalkingsixkilometresthroughadarkforest.Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell.Theycansmellevenasingledropoftheirhomewaterinalargeseaarea.Someseabirdshaveasimilarability.Theyareabletomakeasmellmapoftheirflyingarea.Someanimalscansensetheearth'smagneticfield（磁場），whilehumanscan't.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Birds'SenseofLightB.Fish'sSenseofSmellC.Animals'SenseofDirectionD.Animals'SenseofMagneticField解題思路通讀全文尤其是本文的主題句（第一段最后一句）"Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection."可知，文章通過舉例，說明了動物有非同尋常的方向感，C選項Animals’SenseofDirection符合主旨，故選C。方法2根據(jù)核心高頻詞匯總結(jié)標題Step1注意文中反復出現(xiàn)或強調(diào)的信息，找出覆蓋全文的核心詞匯。Step2分析選項，驗證選項內(nèi)容是否切中文章的主題，從而選出正確答案。例（2024河北中考）Progressmeanstheactofgoingforward.Makinganykindofprogresscanmakeushealthyandhappyinlife.Bysettingandactivelyworkingtowardsourgoals，wecanmakeprogressinourlife.Tomakemoreprogressinlife，startlookingatpro