Section_ⅡWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、這樣記單詞記得準·寫得對記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎詞匯1.diagramn．圖解；圖表；示意圖2.volcanon.火山3.ashn.灰；灰末4.hurricanen.颶風；風暴5.questionnairen.問卷；調查表6.alongsideadv.在旁邊；沿著邊prep.在……旁邊；沿著……的邊7.databasen.數據庫；資料庫8.waven.波浪；波濤vi.波動；起伏；揮手9.fountainvi.&vt.泉水般地噴出或涌出n.噴泉；源泉10.potentialn.潛在性；可能性；潛能adj.可能的；潛在的Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.eruptvi.(指火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→eruptionn．火山爆發(fā)；(戰(zhàn)爭等)爆發(fā)2.equipmentn．設備；裝備→equipvt.裝備3.appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．任命4.evaluatevt.評估；評價；估計→evaluationn．估價5.absoluteadj.絕對的；完全的→absolutelyadv.絕對地；完全地6.suitn．一套外衣；套裝vi.適合；使適宜→suitableadj.適宜的7.actualadj.實在的；實際的→actuallyadv.實際上；事實上；真實地1.volcanon．火山[詞塊]①anactivevolcano活火山②asilentvolcano休眠火山③adeadvolcano死火山2.databasen．數據庫；資料庫[派生]datan．資料；數據[聯(lián)想]dataprocessing數據處理3.potentialn．潛在性；可能性；潛能adj.可能的；潛在的[詞塊]potentialdanger潛在的危險4.后綴-ment常見名詞薈萃①equipment裝備②argument爭論③development發(fā)展④movement移動；活動⑤employment雇用⑥statement陳述⑦judgement斷定；判定⑧requirement要求5.actuallyadv.實際上；事實上[同義]infact/reality;asamatteroffact6.后綴-able常見形容詞集錦①suitable合適的②valuable寶貴的③acceptable可接受的④enjoyable令人愉快的⑤remarkable非凡的⑥admirable令人欽佩的二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.burn_to_the_ground全部焚毀2．make_one's_way前往；到(某地)3．be_suitable_for適合；適于4．make_up組成；構成；編造5．get_close_to靠近6．do_research做研究1.fromallovertheworld來自世界各地2．feelalive感到有活力3．themostpowerfulforceonearth世界上最大的自然威力4．collectinformation收集信息5．savemanylives拯救許多人的生命6．asbrightasday亮如白晝三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Yet,howeverweakweare,wearenotpletelypowerless.然而，不論我們多么脆弱，我們并不是完全沒有力量。however引導讓步狀語，意為“無論多么……”，可用nomatterhow替換。However_far_away_we_are,_wefeelclosetoeachother.(2014·重慶高考寫作)無論我們距離有多遠，我們都感覺近在咫尺。2.Iwasabouttogobacktosleepwhensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。...when...ttodo...when...”中，when為并列連詞，意為“正在這時/那時”。Iwas_about_to_gotoyourhometohelpyouwithyourEnglishwhenmyunclecame.我正要去你家?guī)椭銓W英語，這時我叔叔來了。3....butthisbeingmyfirstexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.……我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。獨立主格結構在句中作原因狀語。Her_glasses_broken,_shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于她的眼鏡破了，她無法看清黑板上的字。1．(教材P34)．..sometimesusingscientificequipmentandsometimesmeetinglocalpeopleandtourists,Iamneverbored.……有時(工作中)要用科學儀器，有時要會見當地百姓和旅游人士，我從來不感到(工作)無聊。equipmentn.[U]設備；裝備①Agoodsleepingbagisanessentialpartofeverycamper'sequipment.一個完好的睡袋是每個露宿者必不可少的裝備。②Theequipmentofthephotographicstudiowas(be)expensiveatthattime.在那時，這個攝影室的裝備花費巨大。[名師點津]equipment通常用作不可數名詞；“一件設備”應表達為“apieceofequipment”。(1)equipv． 配備；裝備equip...with...＝beequippedwith 用……裝備……equipsb.for... 使某人為……而有準備/有能力equipsb.todosth. 讓某人具備做某事的能力(2)bewell/badlyequipped 設備精良的/較差的③Theboysequippedthemselveswithfoodandwaterandthensetoff.男孩們備好食物和水就出發(fā)了。④Wemustequipyoungteachersto_deal(deal)withdifficultchildren.我們必須讓年輕教師具備處理有問題學生的能力。2．(教材P34)IwasappointedasavolcanologistworkingfortheHawaiianVolcanoObservatory(HVO)twentyyearsago.20年前，作為一名火山學家，我被派到夏威夷火山觀測站(HVO)工作。appointvt.任命；委派；約定；指定(時間、地點等)(1)appointsb.as/tobe... 任命某人為……appointsb.todosth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn. 任命；約會makeanappointmentwithsb. 與某人約會haveanappointmentwithsb. 與某人有約會keep/breakanappointment 守/違約①Weappointedhimtobepresidentoftheclub.我們任命他為俱樂部主任。②Weareconsideringappointinghimto_act(act)assecretary.我們在考慮指定他當秘書。③IleftearlybecauseIhadanappointment(appoint)laterthatday.因為那天晚些時候我有個約會，就早點離開了。3．(教材P34)Unfortunately,wecannotmovetheirhomesoutoftheway,andmanyhouseshavebeencoveredwithlavaorburnedtotheground.遺憾的是，我們不可能把他們的家搬離巖漿流經之路，因此，許多房屋被熔巖淹沒，或者焚燒殆盡。burn...totheground(樓房等)被(全部)燒毀；全部焚毀①Thosebadmenweretryingtoburnthebuildingtotheground.那些壞人正試圖把大樓燒成平地。②Thetower,whichwaspletedonlyamonthago,was_burned_to_the_groundlastnight.僅一個月前剛完工的那座塔昨天晚上被燒毀了。4．(教材P34)Thelavathatflowsslowlylikeawavedownthemountaincausesfarmoredamagebecauseitburieseverythinginitspathunderthemoltenrock.而像波浪一樣順著山坡緩緩流下的火山熔巖所造成的損失卻大得多，這是因為火山巖漿所流經的地方，一切東西都被掩埋在熔巖下面了。waven．波浪；波濤；揮手vi.&vt.飄揚；揮舞；揮手形象記憶wavegoodbyetosb.向某人揮手告別eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(waveto/atsb.,givesb.awave))向某人揮手①Shedeclinedtheofferwithawaveofherhand.她擺擺手謝絕了這一提議。②Hewavedgoodbyetohisfriend.他向朋友揮手告別。③Hewavedto/atusasthebusdroveoff.→Hegave_us_a_waveasthebusdroveoff.公共汽車開走時，他向我們揮了揮手。5．(教材P34)Wehadwhiteprotectivesuitsthatcoveredourwholebody,helmets,bigbootsandspecialgloves.我們都穿著白色的防護服遮住全身，帶上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了雙大靴子。suit(1)n.一套外衣；套裝①Hedressedinhisbestsuit.他穿上最好的套裝。(2)vi.&vt.適合；使適宜(1)suitsth.tosth. 使某物適合于另一事物(2)suitableadj. 適合的；適宜的；相配的besuitableforsb./sth. 適合于某人/某物besuitabletodosth. 適合做某事②Hecansuithisconversationtowhoeverheiswith.無論跟誰說話，他都能說到一塊兒。③Ifyouwanttogobybus,thatsuitsme.→Ifyouwanttogobybus,thatis_suitable_forme.要是你想坐公共汽車，那對我也合適。[辨析比較]suit,match,fitsuit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位、場合等match多指色調、形狀、性質等方面的搭配fit多指大小、形狀的合適，引申為吻合、協(xié)調選擇上述單詞填空④Itdoesn'tsuityoutohaveyourhaircutshort.⑤Thedressfitsyouwell,butitscolourdoesn'tsuityou.⑥Thecoloroftheshirtdoesnotmatchthatofthetie.6．(教材P35)Itwasnoteasytowalkinthesesuits,butweslowlymadeourwaytotheedgeofthecraterandlookeddownintothered,boilingcentre.穿著這些衣服走起路來不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。makeone'sway前往fightone'sway 奮力前進loseone'sway 迷路feelone'sway 摸索前進pushone'sway 擠出來windone'sway 蜿蜒前進①Eventhoughtherewasabigflood,therescueteamstillmadetheirwaytothedisasterarea.即使發(fā)生了大洪水，救援隊也仍然艱難地向災區(qū)進發(fā)。②Shefought_her_waybacktohealthsoquicklyaftertheaccidentthatshewassoonbackatschool.車禍之后，她很快恢復健康回學校上課了。③TheGreatWallwinds_its_wayacrossnorthChinalikeahugedragon.長城像一條巨龍，在中國北方蜿蜒盤旋。1．Iwasabouttogobacktosleepwhensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。(1)該句使用了“beabouttodo...when...”結構。when在此為并列連詞，常用于引導一個突然出現的動作，意為“正在這時/那時”，相當于andatthis/thattime。①Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我們正打算動身，突然下起了雨。(2)bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，就在這時(突然)……②Wewere_having(have)ameetingwhensomeonebrokein.當時我們正在開會，突然有人闖了進來。(3)hadjustdonesth.when...剛剛做完某事，就在這時(突然)……③Ihadjustgonetobedwhenthetelephonerang.我剛剛上床睡覺，突然電話鈴響了。2．Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,butthisbeingmyfirstexperience,Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。句中thisbeingmyfirstexperience為獨立主格結構，作原因狀語。(1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致，它獨立存在。該結構在句中一般作狀語，表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。①Therebeingnooneelsetoturnto,Ihadtoetoseeyou.我沒有其他可以求助的人，只能來找你。(2)常見的獨立主格結構有：A：名詞/代詞＋現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式②Theguideleading(lead)theway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.向導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。③Suchanablemanto_help(help)you,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.有這么能干的人來幫你，你遲早會成功的。B：名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語④Iheardthathegotinjuredintheaccident,myheartfullofworry.聽說他在這起事故中受了傷，我內心充滿了擔憂。C：名詞/代詞＋名詞⑤Tenstudentsenteredforthepetition,theyoungestaboyof12.十個學生報名參加了這次競賽，年紀最小的是個12歲的男孩。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ourmilkpowderisespeciallysuitable(suit)forchildrenunder6,asithelpsalottobuildthebody'snaturaldefence.2．Therebeing(be)notaxi,wehadtowalkhome.3．Onaccountofhisknowledgeofthemountainouscountry,Johnwas_appointed(appoint)asourguidewhenweclimbedthemountain.4．Hehadnoplacetoliveinbecausehishousehadbeenburnttotheground.5．Heisstudyinghardandmakinghiswaytoafamousuniversity.6．Amanintheriverwasshoutingandwaving(wave)hisarmsarounddesperately.7．—WillHarrybeabletobeginsoon?—Yes.Hehasalltheequipment(equip)heneedsnow.8．(2014·福建高考滿分作文)Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.Ⅱ.補全句子1．Hewas_about_to_go_out_whenhisfriendcalledhimup.他剛要出門，這時他的朋友給他打電話。2．Thewholevillagewas_burnt_to_the_groundinthatbigfire.整個村莊在那場大火中被全部焚毀。3．Hewas_appointed_to_solve_the_problemofenvironmentalpollution.他被委派去解決環(huán)境污染問題。4．Youshouldequip_your_life_with_a_good_education.你應該用好的教育來裝備你的一生。5．Havinghadagoodrest,theystarted_to_make_their_wayupthemountain.休息好了之后，他們開始向山上前進。6．His_holiday_being_over,_hereturnedtohishomeandpreparedforwork.(獨立主格結構)由于假期結束了，他回到了家并且為工作做好了準備。7．Tostudents,you'dbetterchoosetheactivitieswhich_interest_you_and_suit_you.對學生來說，你最好選擇那些你感興趣并適合你的活動。8．Thehighwaypolicemanwaved_us_to_stop.公路巡警揮手讓我們停車。一、全練語言點，基穩(wěn)才能樓高Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Enoughlavaoutofthevolcanothathaderupted(爆發(fā))buriedtheentirevillage.2．Theperformanceofeachstudentisevaluated(評估)bytheirteachers.3．Shegavemeadiagram(圖表)ofrailwaynetwork.4．Theviolenteruptionofvolcano(火山)sometimesmakesmanypeoplelosetheirlives.5．Theywalkedalongside(沿著……的邊)theroad,talkinghappily.6．Weshouldmakebetteruseoftheexistingequipment(設備)．7．SinceMr.Maisonvacation,wemustappoint(委派)anewteacherintime.8．Justasisknowntousall,everythingisnotabsolutely(完全地)right.9．Shehasactingpotential(潛能),butsheneedstraining.10．Sociallifeisthefountain(源泉)ofwisdomofwriters.Ⅱ.選詞填空makeanappointmentwith，wavegoodbyeto，burntotheground，share...with...，protect...from...，besuitablefor，makeone'sway，beenthusiasticabout，beamazedat，inthedistance1．Becauseofabigfire,thehousewasburnt_to_the_ground.2．MymothercriedwhenIwaved_goodbye_toher.3．WouldthisSundaybe_suitable_foryou?4．Ineedtomake_an_appointment_withMiketodiscussthematter.5．Hetriedhisbesttoprotecthischildfrombeinghurt.6．Havingadmiredthebeautifulview,shebegantomake_her_waydownthemountain.7．Thesoundofthecheeringfadedawayin_the_distance.8．Youwillbe_amazed_attheprogresswehavemade.9．Hehasalwaysbeen_enthusiastic_aboutsports.10．Keepyourfearstoyourselfbutshareyourcouragewithothers.Ⅲ.課文語法填空Ioftentraveltounusualplacesandworkalongsidepeoplefromallovertheworld.Using1.scientific(science)equipmentandcollectinginformationaboutvolcanoesismyjob.2.Although/Thoughmyjobisoccasionallydangerous,Idon'tmindbecausedangerexcitesmeandmakesmefeelalive.3.Asisknown,whenlavafromthevolcanoflows,manyhouseswillbecovered4.withlavaorburnttotheground.Andmyjobhelpsscientistspredict5.wherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast,whichcanhelpprotectordinarypeople6.fromoneofthemostpowerfulforcesonearth.IonceexperiencedtheeruptionofMountKilaueaandwasluckytohaveacloselookatthe7.absolutely(absolute)fantasticsight.Whenitbrokeout,redlavawasfountaininghundredsofmeters8.intotheair.Allthelava9.passing(pass)slowlydownthemountaincausedgreatdamageandburiedeverythingin10.its(it)pathunderthemoltenrock.Ⅳ.串點成篇微表達史密斯先生被任命(appoint)為校長僅兩年，我校就發(fā)生了巨大變化。學校引進了許多先進的教學設備(equipment)。這些設備有利于發(fā)掘學生的潛能(potential)。雖然對他的工作作出評價(evaluate)為時尚早，但他絕對(absolutely)是一個好領導。我們相信，在他的領導下，我校會走向(makeone'sway)一個光明的未來。It's_only_two_years_since_Mr._Smith_was_appointed_as_headmaster_of_our_school,_but_great_changes_have_taken_place._Our_school_brought_in_a_lot_of_advanced_teaching_equipment,_which_helps_to_dig_out_students'_potential._Although_it's_too_early_to_evaluate_his_work,_he_is_absolutely_a_good_leader._We_believe_that_under_his_leadership,_our_school_will_make_its_way_to_a_bright_future.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Theyearis2094.Ithasbeenannouncedthatet(彗星)isheadingtowardstheEarth.Mostofitwillmissourplanet,buttwopieceswillprobably__1__thesouthernhalfoftheEarth.On17July,a__2__whichisfourkilometerswideenterstheEarth's__3__withamassiveexplosion.Abouthalfofthepieceisdestroyed,butthe__4__parthitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedof__5__.Thesea__6__andahugeholeismadeintheseabed.Hugewavesarecreatedandspreadoutfromthehole.Thewallofwater,akilometerhigh,rushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometersanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeopleare__7__.BeforethewavesreachSouthAmerica,thesecondpieceoftheet__8__inArgentina.EarthquakesandVolcanoesare__9__offintheAndesMountains.Theshock__10__movenorthintoCaliforniaandallaroundthePacificOcean.ThecitiesofLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandTokyoarepletely__11__byearthquakes.Millionsofpeopleinthe__12__halfoftheeartharealreadydead,andthe__13__won'tbesafeforlong.Becauseoftheexplosions,thesunis__14__bycloudsofdust,andtemperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.Cropsareruined.Thesunwon'tbeseenagainformanyyears.Wars__15__ascountriesfightfor__16__.Ayearlater,nomorethan10millionpeopleremain__17__.Coulditreally__18__？Infact,ithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.Scienceshowsthatdinosaurs(恐龍)__19__ontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeared.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyapieceofheavenlyobject.Thedinosaurscouldn'tlivethroughthecold__20__thatfollowedandtheydiedout.Willwemeetthesameend?eq\x(語篇解讀：彗星撞擊地球，會造成什么樣的災難性的后果？)1．A.attackB．hitC．beat D．damage解析：選B彗星應該是“擊中”地球，故應該是hit“擊中；襲擊”。beat意為反復的“打擊”；attack“攻擊”；damage“毀壞”。2．A.piece B．etC．part D．half解析：選A指兩塊中的一塊進入大氣層。apiece與上一段中的twopieces相照應。3．A.air B．environmentC．situation D．atmosphere解析：選D彗星碎塊進入大氣層。所以應用atmosphere。air“空氣”；environment“環(huán)境”；situation“情況”。4．A.rest B．otherC．remaining D．half解析：選C該彗星石的一部分已經毀滅，剩下的部分和地球相撞。rest不能作定語。只能用therestofsth.。5．A.sound B．voiceC．earth D．air解析：選A以兩百倍于聲速的速度才符合科學常識。6．A.burns B．destroysC．harms D．boils解析：選D大海沸騰起來，而不是燃燒起來。harm和destroy不合題意。7．A.dead B．lostC．died D．damaged解析：選C好幾百萬人丟失了生命。dead表示死亡狀態(tài)；sb.belost表示迷路。8．A.enters B．esC．flies D．lands解析：選D另一塊彗星降落在阿根廷境內。land“著陸”。9．A.sent B．setC．caused D．made解析：選B句意：火山和地震被引發(fā)。setsth.off“引發(fā)某物強烈發(fā)生”。10．A.rocks B．wavesC．earth D．shakes解析：選Bshockwaves“沖擊波”，符合題意，而且在本段的第一句中已出現。11．A.damaged B．changedC．ruined D．injured解析：選C由文意可知，這些城市完全被毀滅。ruin“毀滅”。12．A.southern B．northernC．western D．eastern解析：選A由第一段最后一句可知，這兩塊彗星會擊中南半球。13．A.north B．southC．west D．east解析：選A前后兩句應該為并列關系。上句是南半球的情況，則下句“北半球”符合句意。14．A.colored B．hiddenC．polluted D．shut解析：選B句意：太陽被云層所遮蓋。根據下文“太陽再也看不到了”，可知答案選B。15．Aeout B．turnoutC．takeplace D．breakout解析：選D戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)應該用breakout。eout“出來”；turnout“結果是”；takeplace“發(fā)生”。16．A.water B．moneyC．food D．theearth解析：選C由前文中“Cropsareruined.”，可知，國與國之間會為爭奪糧食而戰(zhàn)。17．A.onthemoon B．ontheetC．intheocean D．ontheearth解析：選D句意：一年后地球上僅僅存留著一千萬人。18．A.betrue B．happenC．hittheearth D．destroytheearth解析：選B此句意為“這種事情真的會發(fā)生嗎？”而非“這種事情可能是事實嗎？”；因為it指這種事情，而不是該彗星，所以C、D兩項都不對。19．A.havebeen B．hadbeenC．were D．wouldbe解析：選C句意：恐龍曾經在地球上生活過1.6億多年。并沒有延續(xù)到現在，所以不能用現在完成時態(tài)；另外，shows是現在時態(tài)，所以答案也不能用過去完成時態(tài)。20