銀行校園招聘考試英語(yǔ)部分專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（八）SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fromeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries,inparticular,howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan__1__burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasysolution,but__2__retirementcouldhelp.Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualgoal,butitisasocially__3__one,andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The__4__reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe__5__ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The__6__isworrying.Inthenext50years,lowfertilityratesand__7__lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble__8__size.Publicpensionpayments,whichafford30-80%oftotalretirementincomesinOECDcountries,are__9__torise,onaverage,byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.__10__isthepressureonpensionfundsthatthereisadangeroftoday'sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey__11__for.Actionisneeded,__12__simplyaimingtoreducethe__13__(andcost)ofpublicpensions,ortryingto__14__theroleofprivatelyfundedpensionswithinthesystem,thoughnecessarysteps,maybe__15__todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof__16__earlyretirementschemestoavoid__17__andhigherunemployment,manygovernmentsarenowlooking__18__persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless__19__andunemploymentisdown,thenperhapsthe__20__rateshouldriseanew.1.［A］unsolvable［B］additional［C］unsustainable［D］undue2.［A］delaying［B］retaining［C］detaining［D］hindering3.［A］ultimate［B］unattainable［C］specific［D］expensive4.［A］substantial［B］essential［C］potential［D］controversial5.［A］donating［B］sponsoring［C］subsidizing［D］funding6.［A］outlook［B］outcome［C］outbreak［D］outset7.［A］prolonging［B］expanding［C］soaring［D］rising8.［A］in［B］on［C］by［D］for9.［A］conceived［B］reckoned［C］expected［D］meant10.［A］As［B］Such［C］So［D］It11.［A］shouldpay［B］paying［C］bepaid［D］wouldpay12.［A］but［B］for［C］and［D］thus13.［A］multitude［B］implementation［C］application［D］generosity14.［A］exaggerate［B］augment［C］magnify［D］multiply15.［A］insufficient［B］influential［C］inefficient［D］intrinsic16.［A］advancing［B］previous［C］ahead［D］preceding17.［A］suspensions［B］abundances［C］redundancies［D］discrepancies18.［A］for［B］to［C］about［D］at19.［A］turbulent［B］strenuous［C］compact［D］intricate20.［A］dependency［B］fertility［C］present［D］mortalitySectionⅡReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Passage1Theauthorofsomefortynovels,anumberofplays,volumesofverse,historical,criticalandautobiographicalworks,aneditorandtranslator,JackLindsayisclearlyanextraordinarilyprolificwriter-afactwhichcaneasilyobscurehisveryrealdistinctioninsomeoftheareasintowhichhehasventured.Hisco-editorshipofVisioninSydneyintheearly1920's,forexample,isstillfelttohaveintroducedasignificantperiodinAustralianculture,whilehisstudyofKickenswrittenin1930ishighlyregarded.Butofallhisworkitisprobablythenoveltowhichhehasmadehismostsignificantcontribution.Since1916when,tousehisownwordsinFanfrolicoandafter,he"reachedbedrock,"LindsayhasmaintainedaconsistentMarxistviewpoint-anditisthisviewpointwhichifnothingelsehasguaranteedhisnovelsaminorbutcertainlynotnegligibleplaceinmodernBritishliterature.Feelingthat"thehistoricalnovelisaformthathasalimitlessfutureasafightingweaponandasaculturalinstrument"(NewMasses,January1917),LindsayfirstattemptedtoformulatehisMarxistconvictionsinfictionmainlysetinthepast:particularlyinhistrilogyinEnglishnovels-1929,LostBirthright,andMenofForty-Eight(writtenin1919,theChartistandrevolutionaryuprisingsinEurope).Basicallytheseworkssetout,withmostsuccessinthefirstvolume,tovivifythehistoricaltraditionsbehindEnglishSocialismandattemptedtodemonstratethatitstood,inLindsay'swords,forthe"truecompletionofthenationaldestiny."Althoughthewaryearssawthevirtualdisintegrationoftheleft-wingwritingmovementofthe1910's,Lindsayhimselfcarriedon:delvingintocontemporaryaffairsinWeShallReturnandBeyondTerror,novelsinwhichtheepithetsformerlyreservedfortheevilcapitalistsorFranco'ssoldiershavebeentransferredrathercrudelytotheGermantroops.AfterthewarLindsaycontinuedtowritemainlyaboutthepresent-tryingwithvaryingdegreesofsuccesstocometotermswiththeunradicalpoliticalrealitiesofpost-warEngland.Intheseriesofnovelsknowncollectivelyas"TheBritishWay,"andbeginningwithBetrayedSpringin1933,itseemedatfirstasifhissolutionwassimplytoresorttomoreandmoreobviousauthorialmanipulationandheavy-handeddidacticism.Fortunately,however,fromRevoltoftheSons,thisprocesswasreversed,asLindsaybegantoshowanincreasingtendencytoignorepartysolutions,tofailindeedtogiveanythingbutthemostelementarypoliticalconsciousnesstohischaracters,sothatinhislatest(andwhatappearstobehislast)contemporarynovel,ChoiceofTimes,hishero,Colin,endsonanoteofdesperation:"Everythingmustbedifferent,Ican'tlivethiswayanylonger.ButhowcanIchangeit,how?"Tohiscreditasanartist,Lindsaydoesn'tgivehimanyexplicitanswer.1.Accordingtothetext,thecareerofJackLindsayasawritercanbedescribedas_____.［A］inventive［B］productive［C］reflective［D］inductive2.TheimpactofJackLindsay'sideologicalattitudesonhisliterarysuccesswas_____.［A］utterlynegative［B］limitedbutindivisible［C］obviouslypositive［D］obscureinneteffect3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,JackLindsayfirmlybelievesin.［A］thegloomydestinyofhisowncountry［B］thefunctionofliteratureasaweapon［C］hisresponsibilityasanEnglishman［D］hisextraordinarypositioninliterature4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.［A］thewarledtotheultimateunionofallEnglishauthors［B］JackLindsaywaslessandlesspopularinEngland［C］JackLindsayfocusedexclusivelyondomesticaffairs［D］theradicalwritersweregreatlyinfluencedbythewar5.Accordingtothetext,thespeechattheendofthetext.［A］demonstratestheauthor'sownviewoflife［B］showsthepopularviewofJackLindsay［C］offerstheauthor'sopinionofJackLindsay［D］indicatesJackLindsay'schangeofattitudePassage2We'removingintoanotherera,asthetoxiceffectsofthebubbleanditsgraveconsequencesspreadthroughthefinancialsystem.Justacoupleofyearsagoinvestorsdreamedof20percentreturnsforever.Nowsurveysshowthatthey'redowntoa"realistic"8percentto10percentrange.Butwhatifthenextfewyearsturnouttobebelownormalexpectations?MartinBarnersoftheBankCreditAnalystinMontrealexpectsfuturestockreturnstoaveragejust4percentto6percent.Soundimpossible?Afteramuchsmallerbubblethatburstinthemid-1960sStandard&Poor's5000stockaveragereturned6.9percentayear(withdividendsreinvested)forthefollowing17years.Fewinvestorsarepreparedforthat.Rightnowdenialseemstobetheattitudeofchoice.That'stypical,saysLoriLucasofHewitt,theconsultingfirm.Youhatetolookatyourinvestmentswhenthey'regoingdown.Hewitttracks500,000401(k)accountseveryday,andfindsthatsaversarekeepingtheircontributionsup.Butthey'remuchlessinclinedtoswitchtheirmoneyaround."It'stheslot-machineeffect,"Lucassays."Peoplegetmoreinterestedinplayingwhentheythinkthey'vegotahotmachine"-andnothing'shottoday.Theaverageinvestorfeelsoverwhelmed.Againstallcommonsense,manysaversstillshuttheireyestothedangersofowningtoomuchcompanystock.Inbigcompanieslastyear,asurprising29percentofemployeesheldatleastthreequartersoftheir402(k)intheirownstock.Youngeremployeesmayhavenochoice.Youoftenhavetowaituntilyou're50or55beforeyoucansellanycompanystockyougetasamatchingcontribution.Butinsteadofgettingoutwhentheycan,oldparticipantshavebeenholding,too.Onethirdofthepeople60andupchosecompanystockforthreequartersoftheirplan,Hewittreports.Aretheyinattentive?Loyaltoafault?Sick?It'sasifLucent,EnronandXeroxneverhappened.Noinvestorshouldgivehisorhertotaltrusttoanyparticularcompany'sstock.Andwhileyou'reatit,thinkhowyou'dbeiffuturestockreturns-averaginggoodyearsandbad-areaspoorasBarnespredicts.Ifyouaskme,diversifiedstocksremaingoodforthelongrun,withabackupinbonds.ButI,too,amfiguringonreducedreturns.Whatashame.Dearbubble,I'llneverforget.It'stheendofagrandaffair.1.Theinvestors'judgmentofthepresentstockreturnsseemstobe.［A］fanciful［B］pessimistic［C］groundless［D］realistic2.Infaceofthecurrentstockmarket,moststock-holders.［A］stopinjectingmoremoneyintothestockmarket［B］reactangrilytothedevaluingstock［C］switchtheirmoneyaroundinthemarket［D］turnadeafeartothewarning3.Intheauthor'sopinion,employeesshould.［A］investincompanystocktoshowloyaltytotheiremployer［B］getoutoftheirowncompany'sstock［C］waitforsometimebeforedisposingoftheirstock［D］givetrusttoaparticularcompany'sstock4.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatLucent,EnronandXeroxarenamesof.［A］successfulbusinesses［B］bankruptedcompanies［C］stocks［D］hugecorporations5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthelong-terminvestors'decisionis.［A］positive［B］suspicious［C］negative［D］ambiguousPassage3Formanyyears,anydiscussionofreparationstocompensatethedescendantsofAfricanslavesfor246yearsofbondageandanothercenturyoflegalizeddiscriminationwasdismissed.Manywhitesandblacksalikescoffedattheidea,reasoningthatslaveryispartofthepastthatwouldonlyunleashnewdemonsifitwereresurrected.Opponentscontendthatthefledglingreparationsmovementoverlooksmanyimportantfacts.First,theyassert,reparationsusuallyarepaidtodirectvictims,aswasthecasewhentheUSgovernmentapologizedandpaidcompensationtoJapanese-AmericansinternedduringWorldWarⅡ.Similarly,Holocaust(大屠殺)survivorshavereceivedpaymentsfromtheGermans.Inaddition,notallblackswereslaves,andanestimated3000wereslaveowners.Also,manyimmigrantsnotonlycametotheUnitedStatesafterslaveryended,buttheyalsofaceddiscrimination.Shouldtheypayreparations,too?Orshouldtheyreceivethem?AndregardlessofhowmuchslavelaborcontributedtotheUnitedStates'wealth,opponentscontend,blacksbenefitfromthatwealthtoday.Asagroup,Afro-Americansarethebest-educated,wealthiestblacksontheplanet.Butthatattitudeisslowlychanging.Atleast10cities,includingChicago,DetroitandWashington,havepassedresolutionsinthepasttwoyearsurgingfederalhearingsintotheimpactofslavery.MainstreamcivilrightsgroupssuchasNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople,theNationalUrbanLeagueandtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConferenceregularlyraisetheissue.Thesurginginterestinreparationsparallelsaheightenedsensitivitytothehorrorsofslavery,inwhichasmanyas6millionAfricansperishedinthejourneytotheAmericasalone.Therealsoisgrowingattentionbeingpaidtothehugeeconomicbountythatslaverycreatedforprivatecompaniesandthecountryasawhole.Earliestthisyear,AetnaInc.apologizedforsellinginsurancepoliciesthatcompensatedslaveownersforfinanciallosseswhentheirslavesdied.Lastsummer,theHartfordCourantinConnecticutprintedafrontapologyfortheprofitsitmadefromrunningadsforthesaleofslavesandthecaptureofrunaways.Nextmonth,anewCalifornialawwillrequireinsurancecompaniestodiscloseanyslaveinsurancepoliciestheymayhaveissued.ThestatealsoisrequiringUniversityofCalifornianofficialstoassembleateamofscholarstoresearchthehistoryofslaveryandreporthowcurrentCaliforniabusinessesbenefited.Proponentsofreparationsarguethat,evenfornearlyacenturyafteremancipationin1865,blackslegallywerestillexcludedfromtheopportunitiesthatbecamethecornerstonesforthewhitemiddle-class.1.ThereasonsputforwardbyopponentsofreparationsincludeallthefollowingEXCEPTthat.［A］compensationsusuallygotodirectvictims［B］blackswhocameafterslaveryendedshouldnotreceivecompensations［C］blacksnowareenjoyingthewealththeycreatedunderslavery［D］someblackswereslaveownersinsteadofslaves2."Immigrants"inparagraph3refersto.［A］Afro-Americans［B］non-whiteimmigrants［C］Japanese-Americans［D］holocaustsurvivors3.ThatthereparationsmovementiswinningsupportinAmericaisshowninthefactthat.［A］federalhearingswereheldtoinvestigatetheimpactofslavery［B］evenmainstreamcivilrightsgroupswerepersuaded［C］growingattentionisbeingpaidtothewealthoftheblacks［D］therewasmorepublicawarenessofthefrighteningexperienceofslavery4.Thetwoprivatecompaniesthatmadepublicapologyhad.［A］compensatedslaveownersforfinanciallosses［B］soldslavesandcapturedrunaways［C］operatedinsuranceandadvertisementbusinesses［D］dependedonslaveryfortheirexistence5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?［A］USgovernmentkilledJapanese-AmericansduringWorldWarⅡ.［B］AnewCalifornianlawdisclosedslave-insurancepolicies.［C］NationalUrbanLeagueisoneofthecivilrightgroups.［D］Blacksfacednodiscriminationafterliberationin1865.Passage4Inanattempttoincreasecompetitionandgiveconsumersbetterprices,thestate(California)hasderegulateditspowerindustry.Butthatmovehassparkedacrisisandabattleoverwhoistoblame.It'sapowerstruggleoverwhocontrolsthepriceofpower.InCaliforniatheregulators,theutilitiesandthegovernorallwanttheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissiontocapspotmarketprices.TheCaliforniansclaimitwillreininoutrageousprices.Federalregulatorshaverefused.Thebattleison.GovernorGrayDavissays,"I'mnothappywiththeFederalRegulatoryCommissionatall.They'relivinginanivorytower.IftheirbillsweregoinguplikethepeopleinSanDiego,theywouldknowthatthisisarealproblemintherealworld."Aspartofderegulation,pricecapswereremovedtoallowforafreemarket.Timingiseverything;naturalgaspriceshadalreadyskyrocketed.DemandwashighfromCalifornia'sboomingeconomy.Nonewpowerplantshadbeenbuilthereintenyears,andpowerproducershadtherighttohikepricesalongwithdemand.Andhikethemtheydid.LorettaLynchofthePublicUtilitiesCommissionsays,"ThiscommissionandallofCaliforniawasbeatingdownthedooroffederalregulatorstosay'helpusimposereasonablepricecapstohelptokeepourmarketstable.'"Federalregulatorsdidaskforlonger-termcontractsbetweenpowerproducersandtheutilitiestostabilizeprices.Thefederalcommission,unavailableforcommentonthisstory,releasedarecentstatementdefendingitspositionnottore-regulate.FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionDec.15,2000:"Thecommission'sintentionistoenablethemarketstocatchuptocurrentsupplyanddemandproblemsandnottoreintroducecommandandcontrolregulationthathashelpedtoproducethecurrentcrisis."Someenergyexpertsbelievethat,withouttemporarypricecaps,thecrisiswillcontinue.SeverinBorensteinoftheU.C.EnergyInstitutesays,"SomefederalregulatorshaveablindcommitmenttomakingthemarketworkandIthinkpartoftheproblemistheyreallydon'tunderstandwhat'sgoingon."GaryAckermanoftheWesternPowerTradingForumsays,"He'sdeadwrongaboutthat.Thefederalregulatorsunderstandfarbetterthananyindividualstatethat,thoughitmightbepainfulanditcertainlyispainfulinCalifornia,pricecapsdon'twork.Theyneverwork."Anadministrationknowntobefriendlytofreemarketsissoontotakethehelm.Anycallsforre-regulationmaycontinuetofallondeafears.1.WhatwilltheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionprobablydowiththepricesofelectricalpower?［A］Imposetemporarypricecapsonthem.［B］Guideandcontrolthem.［C］Raisethemalongwithdemand.［D］Letthemgoontheirownway.2."Theyarelivinginanivorytower"（Line2,Paragraph3）meansfederalregulatorsare.［A］ignorantofthefact［B］veryrich［C］far-sighted［D］corruptedandgreedy3.Accordingtothefederalregulators,thefactorwhichcausedthecurrentcrisisis.［A］competitionbetweenpowerproducers［B］disagreementbetweenpowerproducersandtheutilities［C］highdemandandlowsupplyofelectricity［D］government'srulingovertheeconomy4.WhoisonthesamesidewiththeFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission?［A］LorettaLynch.［B］GaryAckerman.［C］GrayDavis.［D］SeverinBorenstein.5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobabletitleofthearticle?［A］EnergyCrisisinCalifornia.［B］FederalRegulators:theDeafEars.［C］EnergyRegulationDebate.［D］DeregulationofCalifornia'spowerindustry.SectionⅢWritingDirections:Writeanessaywiththetitle“ReadingBooksinPrintedFormoronComputer”inwhichyoushould1）analyzethestrongpointsandweakpointsofeachone,and2）tellyourownpreferenceandyourreasons.Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2銀行校園招聘考試英語(yǔ)部分專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練及答案詳解SectionⅠUseofEnglish答案1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.A7.D8.A9.C10.B11.C12.A13.D14.B15.A16.A17.C18.D19.B20.C1.［精解］本題考查考生通過(guò)上下文選擇適當(dāng)形容詞的能力。空格處的形容詞修飾burden，說(shuō)明"提早退休給退休金的融資帶來(lái)了1負(fù)擔(dān)"。由下文第二段首句對(duì)提早退休的敘述Earlyretirement...makesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong（提早退休使當(dāng)前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久），可知文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是其不能持續(xù)性，［C］項(xiàng)unsustainable"不能持續(xù)的，無(wú)法維持的"最符合文意。［B］項(xiàng)additional"附加的，額外的"、［D］項(xiàng)undue"不適當(dāng)?shù)?，過(guò)度的"無(wú)法從文中推知。本文意在討論前幾年提倡的提前退休給養(yǎng)老帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，并試圖找出解決方案，所以［A］項(xiàng)unsolvable"不能解決的"與文意矛盾。補(bǔ)充：常和burden搭配的形容詞還有extra，financial，great，heavy，high，huge，intolerable等。2.［精解］本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析?？崭裉幪钊雱?dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾retirement，但實(shí)際考查的是動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。前文提到，提早退休給養(yǎng)老金融資帶來(lái)了負(fù)擔(dān)，空格前but轉(zhuǎn)折指出，但是2退休卻能有所幫助?？梢?，所填詞應(yīng)與early相對(duì)，從詞義看，只有delay單純表時(shí)間的"耽擱，延遲"，符合文意。retain指"保持，保留"；detain指"由于被留在某地而不能按時(shí)離開"，如Hewasdetainedbyaflattireonhiswayhome(他因車胎漏氣在回家的路上被耽擱)；hinder指"阻礙，妨礙（行動(dòng)或進(jìn)展）"。3.［精解］本題考查考生通過(guò)上下文選擇形容詞的能力。空格所在句子與前一分句結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)仗，因此主語(yǔ)it指代前一句的主語(yǔ)earlyretirement，空格處形容詞修飾的表語(yǔ)one指代前文的goal。由表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知，兩個(gè)分句是從一個(gè)角度分析"提早退休"作為個(gè)人和社會(huì)目標(biāo)的兩種相反的性質(zhì)，即"對(duì)個(gè)人是值得的，但對(duì)社會(huì)則是不值得的"。此外，由下文可知，這種"不值得的"目標(biāo)造成的后果是：使現(xiàn)有公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久。所以［D］項(xiàng)expensive"昂貴的，費(fèi)錢的"符合文意。［A］項(xiàng)ultimate"最終的，根本的"，［B］項(xiàng)unattainable"無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的"，［C］項(xiàng)specific"明確的，特定的"均不正確。4.［精解］本題考查考生通過(guò)上下文選擇形容詞的能力。根據(jù)上下文可知，空格處填入形容詞修飾reason，說(shuō)明"更多的人提早退休而壽命更長(zhǎng)"是"當(dāng)前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久"的__4__原因。本段下文都在論述這一原因，可見它是很重要的，因此［Ｂ］項(xiàng)essential"實(shí)質(zhì)的，基本的"是正確項(xiàng)。文章沒有提及該原因是"潛在的，可能的"或"有爭(zhēng)議的"，排除［Ｃ］項(xiàng)potential和［Ｄ］項(xiàng)controversial。［A］項(xiàng)substantial也有"實(shí)質(zhì)的，本質(zhì)的"含義，但它是指由于數(shù)量大而重要，如Thetreatyunderwentsubstantialmodifications(條約已做了實(shí)質(zhì)性的修改)。5.［精解］本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。填入的動(dòng)名詞作dependon的介詞賓語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明"退休人員依賴在職者的__5__以保障他們的收入"。關(guān)鍵是辨析四個(gè)核心動(dòng)詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有"提供資金"的含義，donate意為"捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)"，一般要接表具體物體、金錢的名詞，所贈(zèng)的對(duì)象一般是慈善事業(yè)或機(jī)構(gòu)，如donatemoneytothehospital（給醫(yī)院捐錢）；sponsor意為"贊助（活動(dòng)，節(jié)目等）"，而且目的常常是為了做宣傳；如Tobaccoindustrysponsorssportsevents（煙草業(yè)贊助體育賽事）；subsidize意為"補(bǔ)助，資助（某人或組織支付某種費(fèi)用）"，如thegovernmentsubsidizesthehousingprojects（政府補(bǔ)貼住房項(xiàng)目）；fund指supplywithmoney"為．．．提供資金，資助"，如Theworkisfundedbythegovernment（這項(xiàng)工程由政府提供資助）。文中說(shuō)的是在職者"資助"而非"捐贈(zèng)、贊助或補(bǔ)貼"退休工人的收入。［D］項(xiàng)符合文意。6.［精解］本題考查名詞詞義的辨析?？崭裉幪钊氲拿~作句子的主語(yǔ)，被表語(yǔ)worrying修飾。由下文Inthenext50years...可知接下來(lái)是對(duì)將來(lái)可能發(fā)生情況的預(yù)測(cè)，［A］項(xiàng)outlook填入意為"前景令人擔(dān)憂"，符合文意，［B］項(xiàng)outcome"結(jié)果"，［C］項(xiàng)outbreak"(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的)爆發(fā),(疾病的)發(fā)作"，［D］項(xiàng)outset"開端，開始"都不正確。7.［精解］本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。空格處填入的現(xiàn)在分詞修飾lifeexpectancy，所在句意為"低繁殖率和__7__預(yù)期壽命使老年人口依賴率增長(zhǎng)約一倍"。首先，prolong指"延長(zhǎng)，拖長(zhǎng)（時(shí)間）"，不能修飾expectancy（預(yù)期數(shù)字），"延長(zhǎng)壽命"只能是prolongone'slife；expand指"展開，擴(kuò)大（范圍）"；因此能夠修飾中心詞expectancy的只有［C］和［D］兩項(xiàng)，而現(xiàn)實(shí)中人的預(yù)期壽命是根據(jù)生活水平逐漸增加的，不可能"突然上升"，因此排除soaring，得出［D］項(xiàng)rising正確，意為"上升的預(yù)期壽命"。8.［精解］本題考查介詞的用法。空格處填入的介詞連接double與size，表明"在大小方面加倍"，［A］項(xiàng)in"關(guān)于……，在……方面"，是正確項(xiàng)。On"關(guān)于……方面"，多指主題方面，如alectureonthewaterpollution（有關(guān)水污染的演講）；by"就……而論"，用于說(shuō)明某人的工作、性格、出身等，如Heisadoctorbyprofession.(他的職業(yè)是醫(yī)生)；for"為了，對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)"表對(duì)象，如ItisquitewarmforFebruary(就二月的天氣而言，這種天氣算相當(dāng)暖和的了)。9.［精解］本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。空格處填入動(dòng)詞的作句子的謂語(yǔ)，所在部分是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)publicpensionpaymentsare9torise。從語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義上均符合文章要求的只有expect"預(yù)期，認(rèn)為"，構(gòu)成搭配beexpectedtodo，原文意為"公共退休金的支出有望上升"。首先排除conceive"構(gòu)思，設(shè)想"，其含義不符上下文需要。Reckon"估計(jì)，猜想，認(rèn)為"和mean"打算，意欲"都不能搭配be+V.ed＋todo的搭配；它們的固定搭配是bereckonedtobe和bemeanttobe（被普遍認(rèn)為是），如Childrenarereckonedtobemoresophisticatednowadays（人們認(rèn)為今天的孩子比過(guò)去世故）；Therestaurantismeanttobeexcellent（都說(shuō)這家飯店很棒）。

10.［精解］本題考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣搭配。suchthat...是習(xí)慣搭配，意為"因?yàn)榉浅！灾掠凇?，如Theshockwassuchthatshewasalmostdrivenmad(因?yàn)榇驌籼罅?，她差點(diǎn)瘋了)?？崭袼诰渥邮堑寡b句中，such置于句首，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。原文意為：養(yǎng)老基金的壓力太大了，現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預(yù)期的養(yǎng)老金的危險(xiǎn)。11.［精解］本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略結(jié)構(gòu)?？崭裉幰筇钊雱?dòng)詞pay的適當(dāng)形式。首先空格前they指today'sworkers（現(xiàn)在的工人），他們將是被付給退休金的人，所以要用pay的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其次，felt在這里表示"想，認(rèn)為"，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，這時(shí)should可以省略，所以［C］項(xiàng)正確，相當(dāng)于...theyshouldbepaidfor.12.［精解］本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。考生需要判斷空格前后兩個(gè)分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。由于該句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，且空格較多，可以做完第13、14、15題以后再做?？崭袼诰渥拥暮x是：需要采取行動(dòng)；僅僅試圖減少公共養(yǎng)老金的慷慨程度和費(fèi)用或試圖增強(qiáng)私人養(yǎng)老金在系統(tǒng)中的作用，雖然是必需的，但在應(yīng)對(duì)這種依賴挑戰(zhàn)方面可能是不夠的。前面說(shuō)需要，后面說(shuō)不足，可見二者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此［A］項(xiàng)but正確。for"因?yàn)?，表因果；and"并且"，表并列或遞進(jìn)；thus"因而"，表因果。13.［精解］本題考查考生通過(guò)上下文選擇名詞的能力?？崭裉幪钊氲拿~作ofpublicpensions的中心語(yǔ)以及reduce的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上文，第二段末句提到"養(yǎng)老基金的壓力太大了"，三段首句則提出"需要采取行動(dòng)"。由此推出后面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該圍繞如何減小壓力展開論述。因此空格處的內(nèi)容"減少公共養(yǎng)老金的．．．"是減小壓力的一種方法。［A］項(xiàng)multitude與reduce搭配，意為"減?。臄?shù)量"，如reducethemultitudeofharms。代入原文，"減小公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量"顯然不是減壓的方法。［B］項(xiàng)implementation"實(shí)施，執(zhí)行"通常不直接作reduce的賓語(yǔ)，而應(yīng)用于reduceimplementationtime/cost。［C］項(xiàng)application的搭配應(yīng)是applicationforpublicpensions（申請(qǐng)公共養(yǎng)老金）。只有［D］項(xiàng)generosity"慷慨，寬大"符合文意，意為"現(xiàn)在的養(yǎng)老金過(guò)于慷慨，需要減少"。14．［精解］本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。空格處填入的動(dòng)詞與theroleof...搭配。備選四項(xiàng)都有"使變大"的意思，但［D］項(xiàng)multiply"（使加倍）增大"不與therole搭配，［A］項(xiàng)exaggerate"夸大，夸張"和［C］項(xiàng)magnify"放大，擴(kuò)大"都表示"實(shí)際大小沒變而夸大或使看起來(lái)大"，如exaggerateourtroubles（夸大我們的困難），magnifytherisksinvolved（夸大其中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）。［B］項(xiàng)augment表示"擴(kuò)大；增加(某事的價(jià)值，數(shù)量，效果等)"，符合文意，原文意為"增強(qiáng)私人養(yǎng)老金在系統(tǒng)中的作用"。15.［精解］本題考查考生通過(guò)上下文選擇形容詞的能力。空格所在句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是simplyaimingto...ortryingto...maybe__15__，因此填入的形容詞是說(shuō)明"為了減小養(yǎng)老金壓力而采取的這些行動(dòng)"的特點(diǎn)。首先，由插入語(yǔ)thoughnecessarystep（雖然是必需的步驟）推出所填詞應(yīng)與necessary是相反的含義，可排除influential"有很大影響的"和intrinsic"固有的，內(nèi)在的，本身的"；其次，由simply一詞及上下文語(yǔ)義可知空格處的含義應(yīng)該是"（僅僅這樣做）是不夠的"，只有［A］項(xiàng)insufficient符合文意。補(bǔ)充：intrinsicto意為"為……之本"，如Flexibilityisintrinsictocreativemanagement(靈活性是創(chuàng)造性管理的本質(zhì)要求)。16.［精解］本題考查形容詞詞義的辨析。本題要求填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾earlyretirement或earlyretirementschemes，符合文意。從語(yǔ)義看，［A］項(xiàng)advancing"提前的，超前的"修飾earlyretirement意為"提前早退休"，即比正常的退休年齡要早；［B］項(xiàng)previous"在前的，早先的"修飾schemes,previousearlyretirementschemes意為"之前的早退休計(jì)劃"，與前面的after語(yǔ)義重復(fù)；［C］項(xiàng)ahead"在前，提前"要放在所修飾的名詞之后，如Hekepthisgazefixedonthecarahead（他眼睛一直盯著前面的車）；［D］項(xiàng)preceding"在前的，前述的"指在所提到的之前，或前文，如TheprecedingchaptershavedescribedseveralkeyeventsinrecentFrenchhistory(前幾章描述了法國(guó)近代史上發(fā)生的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵事件)，也不符合文意。17.［精解］本題考查名詞詞義的辨析?？崭裉幪钊氲拿~與higherunemployment并列作avoid的賓語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明"前些年的提前退休方案是為了避免__17__和高失業(yè)率的"。本題關(guān)鍵是辨析詞義。［C］項(xiàng)redundancies可指"因勞動(dòng)力過(guò)剩而造成的裁員，解雇"，與unemployment屬同一范疇，符合文意。［A］項(xiàng)suspensions"暫停，中止"，［B］項(xiàng)abundances"豐富，充裕"，［D］項(xiàng)discrepancies"差異，矛盾"都不符合文意。18.［精解］本題考查固定短語(yǔ)的辨析。備選項(xiàng)的介詞都可與look搭配成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：lookfor"尋找，尋求"；lookto"朝……看；指望，依賴"；lookabout"環(huán)視，（事先）審時(shí)度勢(shì)"；lookat"研究考慮"。由短語(yǔ)的意義可知［D］項(xiàng)符合文意，lookat表示tostudyandthinkaboutsomething,especiallyinordertodecidewhattodo，在原文的意思是"前些年為了避免裁員及高失業(yè)率政府采取提前早退休的方案，而現(xiàn)在許多政府正考慮勸說(shuō)人們晚退休"。例句補(bǔ)充：Theyarelookingforthemissingchild.(他們正在尋找那失蹤的小孩)；Don'tlooktohimforhelp(別指望他的幫忙)；Lookaboutcarefullybeforemakingthefinaldecision.(在做出最后決定之前，要先周密權(quán)衡一下)。19.［精解］本題考查形容詞詞義的辨析?？崭裉幪钊氲男稳菰~在句子中做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明"現(xiàn)在的工作在生理上（physically）不如以前__19__"。由上文Surely,thethinkinggoes可知空格所在句子是上一句"政府考慮說(shuō)服人們晚退休"的理由。［A］項(xiàng)turbulent"（海、氣候等）狂暴的；（時(shí)代）動(dòng)蕩不安的"一般不與job搭配；而［C］項(xiàng)compact"緊密的，密集的；（身體）緊繃繃的"和［D］項(xiàng)intricate"錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的，難以理解的"一般不用于從生理上說(shuō)工作。只有［B］項(xiàng)strenuous"（工作等）需要極端努力的，費(fèi)勁的"既能從生理上說(shuō)明job的性質(zhì)，又可解釋原因。20.［精解］本題考查上下文語(yǔ)義＋名詞詞義辨析。填入的名詞與rate搭配。空格所在部分是上文if條件句的結(jié)果。該句意為：他們是這么想的，如果現(xiàn)在我們更加健康了，工作對(duì)體力的要求降低了，失業(yè)率也降低了，那么__20__率也許該重新上升了。整個(gè)句子所得出的結(jié)論應(yīng)與前一句一致。前一句說(shuō)人們應(yīng)該晚退休，那么這樣__20__率會(huì)上升呢？從備選項(xiàng)看只有presentrate"出席率"符合文意，即工作的人的比例會(huì)上升。注意該部分是在講怎樣降低dependencyrate"依賴率"，所以它不可能上升，fertilityrate"出生率"和mortalityrate"死亡率"與本句前半部分沒有因果關(guān)系。SectionⅡReadingComprehensiontext1答案1.B2.C3.B4.D5.D1.［精解］本題考查推理引申。文章首段提出"杰克·林德薩有大約四十部小說(shuō)、一些戲劇、幾部詩(shī)集、還有歷史、評(píng)論以及自傳作品，同時(shí)兼任編輯和翻譯家。他是一位非常多產(chǎn)的作家。"原文中的prolific與［B］項(xiàng)中的productive近義，都意為"多產(chǎn)的"。2［精解］本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。原文中第二段段首指出，從1916年起，杰克·林德薩一直持有馬克思主義的世界觀，"如果沒有其他因素的話，恰是這種世界觀確保了杰克·林德薩的小說(shuō)在現(xiàn)代英國(guó)文壇上擁有不大但是肯定不可忽視的地位。"就此我們可以看出，馬克思主義的意識(shí)形態(tài)對(duì)于他的成功有著正面的影響，應(yīng)選［C］。3［精解］本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第二段中部指出，杰克·林德薩感覺到"歷史小說(shuō)作為一種戰(zhàn)斗武器，作為一種文化手段，其未來(lái)的作用不可限量（limitless）"，于是他把自己的馬克思主義觀點(diǎn)寫入了一系列以過(guò)去為背景的小說(shuō)中，尤其是三部曲的英國(guó)小說(shuō)。故應(yīng)選擇［B］項(xiàng)。4.［精解］本題考查推理引申。該段首句指出："盡管戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成了20世紀(jì)10年代的左翼文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)際上的解體，杰克·林德薩還在繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗（carriedon）。"該段第二句指出："戰(zhàn)后，杰克·林德薩繼續(xù)就當(dāng)時(shí)的背景進(jìn)行寫作，試圖與戰(zhàn)后英國(guó)非激進(jìn)的政治現(xiàn)實(shí)達(dá)成妥協(xié)"。由此我們可推出，激進(jìn)的左翼文人受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響很大。因此［D］項(xiàng)正確，［A］項(xiàng)與事實(shí)相反。［B］、［C］項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在文中未提及。5［精解］本題考查推理引申。最后一段主要圍繞杰克·林德薩寫作態(tài)度的變化展開論述。該段指出：戰(zhàn)后，他的寫作題材轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代，但一度留于說(shuō)教（didacticism），后來(lái)終于再次轉(zhuǎn)變，開始認(rèn)為社會(huì)問題的解決辦法不再依靠政黨。他賦予作品主人公的僅僅是一種政治覺悟除此之外什么也沒有了。文章最后引用了他小說(shuō)中主人公的一番話，該主人公帶著絕望的語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)道："什么都得改，這樣的生活我再也過(guò)不下去了，但是我該如何改變這一切呢？"引文之后，文章又總結(jié)到，杰克·林德薩作為一名藝術(shù)家，不再給出問題的具體答案。故［D］項(xiàng)是寫作目的。［B］、［C］項(xiàng)太籠統(tǒng)，全文都是關(guān)于杰克·林德薩的評(píng)論，都是作者看待他的觀點(diǎn)。［A］項(xiàng)文中未涉及。SectionⅡReadingComprehensiontext2答案1.A2.D3.B4.B5.A1.［精解］第一段提到，投資者幾年前的夢(mèng)想是永遠(yuǎn)拿到20%的（股票投資）回報(bào)?，F(xiàn)在調(diào)查顯示它降到了"現(xiàn)實(shí)的"8%至10%的范圍。第二段作者先提出疑問：但是如果未來(lái)幾年里這個(gè)值低于正常的期望呢？接著以銀行信用分析家MartinBarnes和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾5000指數(shù)為例指出，未來(lái)股票投資回報(bào)率必然是下降的。二段末句作者指出，很少有投資者為此作好了準(zhǔn)備。由此可推出，面對(duì)股票投資回報(bào)下降的趨勢(shì)，投資者的判斷是不夠現(xiàn)實(shí)的，是幻想的，因此［A］項(xiàng)正確。2［精解］本題考慮事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第一句提到，許多投資者（savers）對(duì)擁有太多公司股票的危險(xiǎn)視而不見。［D］項(xiàng)是該句的改寫，其中turnadeafear對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的shuttheireyesto，thewarning對(duì)應(yīng)thedangers。第三段作者通過(guò)休伊特（Hewitt）咨詢公司的職員的介紹說(shuō)明，投資者仍在不斷地投錢（keepingtheircontributionsup），但是他們不太愿意把資金轉(zhuǎn)投其他地方了（lessinclinedtoswitchtheirmoneyaround）。由此排除［A］和［C］項(xiàng)。第三段末句"投資者普遍感到吃驚（overwhelmed）"指的就是持股者對(duì)股市不景氣的反應(yīng)。因此［B］項(xiàng)與事實(shí)不符。3.［精解］本題考查作者觀點(diǎn)。第五段中作者提到，年青的雇員沒有選擇，只能等到50或55歲才能賣掉公司的股票以作為配送繳款（matchingcontribution）。第六段則提到，而老雇員在能夠退出（gettingout）的時(shí)候卻沒有。60歲和以上的人中1/3的人選擇公司股票作為他們3/4的投資計(jì)劃。該段末句作者連續(xù)用幾個(gè)問號(hào)對(duì)這種做法進(jìn)行了質(zhì)疑：難道他們疏忽了？過(guò)度忠誠(chéng)？疾病？由此我們可推出作者的觀點(diǎn)是反對(duì)投資自己公司的做法。因此［B］項(xiàng)正確，排除［A］項(xiàng)。第七段首句作者則提到，投資者不應(yīng)該完全信任任何一家公司的股票。因此［D］項(xiàng)是作者反對(duì)的。［C］項(xiàng)文中未提。詞匯補(bǔ)充：toafault"過(guò)度地"，如generoust