中考英語語法考點(diǎn)縱覽12——非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞概述非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念：動(dòng)詞按照在句中作不作謂語，可以分為謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不可以充當(dāng)謂語，但是可以充當(dāng)除謂語以外的其它句子成分。非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用條件：在一個(gè)單句中，如果已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，而且在沒有連詞的情況下，需要使用其它動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類：動(dòng)詞不定式（todo）、動(dòng)名詞（doing）、現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）、過去分詞（done）二、非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)縱覽考點(diǎn)一：不定式的用法考點(diǎn)1：不定式作主語。不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語不定式放在后面。典型例題1______Englishisnoteasy___us.A.Speak;forB.Speaking;toC.Tospeak;forD.Tospeak;to答案：C（不定式用作主語，表示做某事對(duì)某人來說怎們樣）典型例題2Itisveryimportant___us______breakfast.A.for;havingB.to;tohaveC.for;haveD.for;tohave答案：D（此題考查句型It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.）典型題3Itisverykind___you______us.A.for;helpingB.for;tohelpC.of;helpingD.of;tohelp答案：D（此題考查句型It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.）考點(diǎn)2：不定式作賓語。①一些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞多表示打算或者希望，如wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。典型例題1Wouldyoulike______themoviethisevening?A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.sees答案：A（wouldliketodosth.表示“想要做某事”）典型例題2Hewants______(travel)aroundtheworld.答案：totravel（want后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語）典型例題3Wedecide_____(plan)foroursummerholiday.答案：toplan（decide后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語）②在動(dòng)詞find、think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在后面。典型例題1Ifinditeasy__________Englisheveryday.A.readingB.toreadC.readD.reads答案：B（此題考查it作形式主語的用法：find+it+adj.+todosth.）典型例題2Hefindsithard________(catchupwith)hisclassmates.答案：tocatchupwith（此題考查it作形式主語的用法：find+it+adj.+todosth.）典型例題3Ithink______important______early.A.it;sleepingB.it;tosleepC.that;sleepingD.it;sleeps答案：B（此題考查it作形式主語的用法：think+it+adj.+todosth.）考點(diǎn)3：不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。①不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Tomaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.湯姆要他關(guān)掉錄音機(jī)。Iwantmyfathertobuyakiteforme.我想要我爸爸給我買個(gè)風(fēng)箏。Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottocheatintheexam.老師警告學(xué)生不要考試作弊。②使役動(dòng)詞和感官類動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式要省略to。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：make,let,see,watch,hear,notice等。Mymotherletsmecookthedinner.媽媽讓我燒飯。Ioftenseetheoldmantakeawalkinthepark.我經(jīng)?？吹竭@個(gè)老人在公園里散步。Canyouhearsomeonesinginthenextroom?你能聽到有人在隔壁房間唱歌嗎？考點(diǎn)4：不定式作表語。不定式作表語說明主語的特征和屬性。MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英語。Herdreamistobecomeascientist.她的夢(mèng)想是成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家。Ourgoalistowinthegame.我們的目標(biāo)是贏得比賽?？键c(diǎn)5：不定式作定語。不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞后面，它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是不定式不及動(dòng)詞，且與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，要在不定式后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么好擔(dān)心的。Wearelookingforahoteltolivein.我們正在找一個(gè)賓館住下。考點(diǎn)6：不定式作狀語。不定式作狀語，表示目的，意為“為了……”。典型例題1Icomehere__________mygrandparents.A.visitingB.tovisitC.visitedD.visits答案：B（這里動(dòng)詞不定式tovisitmygrandparents用作目的狀語）典型例題2,heworkshard.TolivewellB.LivingwellC.LiveswellD.Livedwell答案：A（這里動(dòng)詞不定式tolivewell用作目的狀語）考點(diǎn)7：不定式常與特殊疑問詞what，which，when,where,how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。典型例題1Idon’tknowthemuseum.A.howcanIgettoB.howgettoC.howtogettoD.howtoget答案：C（此題考查特殊疑問詞+不定式的用法）典型例題2Theteacheristellingthestudents.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.whatcantheydoD.whatdoing答案：A（此題考查特殊疑問詞+不定式的用法）典型例題3Theyhaven’tdecidedtomorrowmorning.A.whensetoffB.whentosetoffC.whensettingoffD.whensetsoff答案：B（此題考查特殊疑問詞+不定式的用法）考點(diǎn)二：動(dòng)名詞的用法考點(diǎn)1：動(dòng)名詞作主語。動(dòng)名詞作主語多表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Collectingstampsishishobby.集郵是他的愛好。Eatingtoomuchisbadforhealth.吃太多對(duì)你的健康有害。Speakingloudlyinthereadingroomisnotallowed.在閱覽室里大聲說話是不允許的?？键c(diǎn)2：動(dòng)名詞作賓語。動(dòng)名詞作賓語放在某些動(dòng)詞后邊以及介詞后面，表示一般的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：finish,enjoy,mind,imagine,miss,spend,keep,practice,allow,advise,feellike,havefun等。Ihavefinisheddoingmyhomework.我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。Doyoumindopeningthewindowforus?你介意幫我們打開窗戶嗎？Thechildrenfeellikedrinkingsomewater.孩子們想喝點(diǎn)水。Whataboutgoingswimmingintheafternoon?下午去游泳怎么樣??？考點(diǎn)3：動(dòng)名詞作表語。HerjobisteachingEnglish.她的工作是教英語。MyhobbyislyingonthebedandwatchingTV.我的愛好是躺在床上看電視。考點(diǎn)4：動(dòng)名詞作定語。動(dòng)名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途、作用等。aswimmingpool游泳池thereadingroom閱覽室teachingmethods教學(xué)方法考點(diǎn)5：某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。①stoptodo停下來去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下來休息了會(huì)。Let’sstoptalking.讓我們停止談話。②forgettodo忘記要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘記做某事（已做）Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.不要忘記關(guān)燈。Heforgotlockingthedoor.他忘記把門已經(jīng)鎖了。③remembertodo記得要去做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得做過某事（已做）Remembertohandinyourhomework.記得交作業(yè)。Don’tyourememberseeingthepersonbefore?你不記得以前見過這個(gè)人嗎？④regrettodo對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾（未做）regretdoing對(duì)做過的事表示遺憾（已做）IregrettotellyouthatIhavefailedintheexam.我很后悔告訴你我考試沒過。Theladydoesn’tregretmarryingtheman.這個(gè)女的不后悔嫁給這個(gè)男的。⑤trytodo設(shè)法或努力做某事trydoing嘗試做某事Wemusttrytobemorecareful.我們必須多加小心。Heistryingopeningthedoor.他正在嘗試打開門。⑥meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著做某事Imeantobuyacar,butIhavenomoney.我打算買倆車，但是我沒錢。Doingthatmeanswastingtime.那樣做意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。⑦goontodo放下手頭的事繼續(xù)做別的事goondoing繼續(xù)做原來的事Wegotupandwentontohavebreakfast.我們起床后，接著吃早飯。Hedidn’thavearestandwentonworking.他沒有休息，繼續(xù)工作著?？键c(diǎn)三：分詞的用法考點(diǎn)1：分詞的分類及用法。①分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞+ing”構(gòu)成。過去分詞由“動(dòng)詞+ed”構(gòu)成，但也有不規(guī)則變化。②現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意；過去分詞有被動(dòng)、完成之意?？键c(diǎn)2：分詞作定語。典型例題1Doyouknowthegirlunderthetree?standingB.standsC.standD.stood答案：A（此處現(xiàn)在分詞短語standingunderthetree用作定語）典型例題2Iboughtatable.A.makingofwoodB.madeofwoodC.makesofwoodD.makeofwood答案：B（此處過去分詞短語madeofwood用作定語）典型例題3Thisisabookfromthelibrary.borrowingB.borrowsC.borrowD.borrowed答案：D（此處過去分詞短語borrowedfromthelibrary用作定語）考點(diǎn)3：分詞作表語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征，過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。典型例題1Thatfilmisvery.A.interestingB.interestC.interestedD.interests答案：A（interesting表示“有趣的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)物體很有趣）典型例題2Tomfeltwhenhesawasnake.A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightens答案：A（frightened表示“感到害怕的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)人感到害怕）典型例題3Theygotaftertheyheardthegoodnews.A.exciteB.excitesC.excitedD.exciting答案：C（excited表示“感到興奮的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人感到興奮）考點(diǎn)4：分詞作狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是主句主語；過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯賓語是主句主語。典型例題1Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,.A.laughingandsingB.laughingandsingingC.laughedandsungD.laughingandsung答案：B（此處現(xiàn)在分詞laughingandsinging表示伴隨狀況，作伴隨狀語）典型例題2,thevillageisbeautiful.A.SeeingfromthemountainB.SeenfromthemountainC.SeefromthemountainD.Seesfromthemountain答案：B（此處過去分詞短語seenfromthemountain用來作狀語）典型例題3,hejumpedup.A.HearingthisB.HearthisC.HearsthisD.Heardthis答案：A（此處現(xiàn)在分詞短語hearingthis用來作狀語）鞏固訓(xùn)練(2025●淮安市)1.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult________withtheirteenagechildren.A.talk B.talked C.talking D.totalk(2025●淮安市)2.---Whatelseshouldwepayattentionto_______buildingthebridge?---Thechangeoftheweather,Ithink.. A.finish B.finished C.tofinish D.finishing(2025●淮安市)3.______greatfunAndrewhas______DIYintheartroomwithhisclassmates!A.What;doing B.What;done C.How;doing D.How;done(2025●南京市)4.---Whyareyousoexcitedtoday? ---Weweretold_________apicnicthisweekend.A.have B.tohave C.having D.had(2025●南通市)5.Whyhaveyoustopped_______,Kitty?Thesingingcompetitioniscomingupsoon! A.topracticetosing B.topracticesingingC.practicingtosing D.practicingsinging(2025●南通市)6.Thissignisusedtouriststostayawayfromthelioninthezoo. A.towarn B.towarning C.tomake D.tomaking(2025●南通市)7.Thecouplewillbeawayforawhileandtheyneedsomeonethebaby. A.lookafter B.lookingafter C.lookedafter D.tolookafter(2025●蘇州市)8.Thedriverwanted________hiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.A.park B.parked C.topark D.parking(2025●蘇州市)9.Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecarashortrest.A.have B.having C.tohave D.had(2025●泰州市)10.---MrLing,Ihavesomedifficultythearticle. ---Rememberitthreeorfourtimesatleast.A.tounderstand;reading B.understanding;readingC.understanding;toread D.tounderstand;toread(2025?無錫市)11.Don'tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneeds__________sothatitcanbereused.A.todestroy B.destroying C.tocollect D.collecting(2025?宿遷市)12.It'sdangerousacloselookatthetigerinthezoo.A.forustaking B.ofustotake C.ofustaking D.forustotake(2025?宿遷市)13.Atpresent,lotsofpeoplewouldratherinthecountrybecausethereispollutioninthecity.live;more B.tolive;less C.live;less D.tolive;more(2025?宿遷市)14.IheardTom________whenIwalkedpasthisroomyesterday. A.sing B.singing C.tosing D.sang(2025?徐州市)15.I'msleepy.Iprefer__________athometogoingoutforawalk.A.sleeping B.tosleep C.slept D.sleep(2025?徐州市)16.Itwasdarkoutside.Suedecidedtothebankalone.A.notgoing B.goingnot C.nottogo D.tonotgo(2025?徐州市)17.Davidsaidthattheglasswasbrokenandwarnedme__________it.A.don'ttouch B.tonottouch C.nottotouchD.notouching(2025?鹽城市)18.Wemustdoeverythingwecan______wastewaterfromrunningintorivers. A.prevent B.prevented C.preventing D.toprevent(2025?揚(yáng)州市)19.---Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?---Asinger,butmyparentswishme_________ateacher.A.am B.tobe C.willbe D.be(2025?揚(yáng)州市)20---Somechildrencan'tafford________necessarystationary. ---Let'sdonateourpocketmoneytothem. A.buy B.buying C.tobuy D.bebought(2025?揚(yáng)州市)21.---Whatshouldwetakewhengoingbirdwatching?---Weshouldtakeapairofbinoculars____________thebirdsclearly.see B.seeing C.tosee D.sees(2025?鎮(zhèn)江市)22.He______dinneratrestaurantslastyear,butnowheusuallycomestackhomeafterworkandcookssupperforhisfamily.A.usedtohave B.isusedtohave C.wasusedtohave D.isusedtohaving(2025?鎮(zhèn)江市)23.SpringBudProjectisanorganizationthatraisesmoneypooryoungg