FPSODefinitionFPSO

unitisafloatingvesselusedbytheoffshoreindustryfortheprocessingandstorageofoilandgas.AFPSOvesselisdesignedtoreceiveoilorgasproducedfromnearbyplatformsorsubseatemplate,processit,andstoreituntiloilorgascanbeoffloadedontoatankerortransportedthroughapipeline.FPSO——FloatingProductionStorageandOffloadingMechanismsTopsidefacilitiesseparatethefluidintooil,gasandwater,andthenstorethecrudeoilinthevessel'stanks.Thecrudeoilisperiodicallyoffloadedtoshuttletankers(穿梭油輪).

FPSOisanincreasinglyattractivealternativetoconventionalfixedplatformfielddevelopment.Itcombinesfullproductionfacilities-processequipment,controlequipmentforremotewellheads,crewaccommodationsandcrudestoragecapacityintoonefloatingfacility.

FSHR滾珠絲杠Cascade：波狀物，串聯(lián)historyOilhasbeenexploitedfromoffshorelocationssince1950.ThefirstoilFPSOwastheShellCastellon,builtinSpainin1977.TheSanhaLPGFPSOoperatesoffshoreAngola,andisthefirstsuchvesselwithcompleteonboardliquefiedpetroleumgasprocessingandexportfacilities.Itcanstoreupto135,000cubicmetersofLPGwhileawaitingexporttankersforoffloading.TheFPSOhasevolvedfrombeingatechnologyformarginalfieldstooneforlargerdiscoveries.Overthelasttenyears,FPSOshavebecometheprimarychoiceforfielddevelopmentinmanyareasoftheworld.Currentlymorethan100FPSOsareinoperationworldwide.Asofyear-end2003,therehavebeen129FPSOdeploymentsworldwide–morethanalltheotherfloatingproductionsystems(FPSSs,TLPsandspars)puttogether.Shell:英荷（英國、荷蘭聯(lián)營）皇家殼牌集團(tuán)，簡稱殼牌公司FPSS:FloatingProductionSemi-SubmersiblesThekeycomponentsofanFPSOThevesselitself（船體部分）,whichmaybeanewbuildor,moreusually,atankerconversion;2.Themooringsystem（系泊系統(tǒng)）,whichonmanymodernFPSOsisbuiltuponageostationary(在固定位置的)‘turret’mountedinsidethehullandwhichleavesthevesselfreetorotatetoheadintotheprevailingweather.Suchmooringsystemsarebasedonpatentedtechnologiesandcompriseapromisingnichemarket;Theprocessplant（生產(chǎn)設(shè)備）,whoseconfigurationwilldependlargelyonreservoircharacteristicsandenvironmentalfactors;waterandgasinjectionandgas-liftfacilitiesarecommonlyincluded.4.Offloadingsystem（卸載系統(tǒng)）5.Supportingsystem（配套系統(tǒng)）advantagesFPSOvesselsareparticularlyeffectiveinremoteordeepwaterlocationswhereseabedpipelinesarenotcosteffective.2.FPSOseliminatetheneedtolayexpensivelong-distancepipelinesfromtheoilwelltoanonshoreterminal.Theycanalsobeusedeconomicallyinsmalleroilfieldswhichcanbeexhaustedinafewyearsanddonotjustifytheexpenseofinstallingafixedoilplatform.Oncethefieldisdepleted,theFPSOcanbemovedtoanewlocation.Inareasoftheworldsubjecttocyclones(northwesternAustralia)oricebergs(Canada),someFPSOsareabletoreleasetheirmooring/riserturretandsteamawaytosafetyinanemergency.Theturretsinksbeneaththewavesandcanbereconnectedlater.FPSOvesselsarebroadlyoftwotypes:AConvertedOilTankerACustomBuiltSpecifictype1.FSOAfloatingstorageandoffloadingunitisafloatingstoragedevice,whichisasimplifiedFPSOwithoutthecapabilityforoilorgasprocessing.MostFSOsareoldsinglehullsupertankersthathavebeenconverted.2.FSRU

ALNGfloatingstorageandregasificationunitisafloatingstorageandregasificationsystem,whichreceivesliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)fromoffloadingLNGcarriers,andtheonboardregasificationsystemprovidesnaturalgassend-outthroughflexiblerisersandpipelinetoshore.3.FPDSO

FloatingProductionDrillingStorageandOffloading.SomeRepresentativeFPSOsTheGirassolFPSO,isoneofthelargestFPSOvesselfunctioningintheworldtoday.ItwasconstructedinKorea.IthasbeenconstructedasajointventurebetweenBouyguesOffshoreandStoltOffshorewithinaperiodof21months.Thevesselhasaproductioncapacityof200,000barrelsperdayandastoragecapacityof2,000,000barrelstoragecapacity.

TheGirassolFPSO

TheGirassolFPSOTheworld'ssmallestFPSO

istheCrystalOcean,operatingin137mofwaterintheBassStraitbetweenAustraliaandTasmaniaontheBaskerMantaField.ItisleasedbyRocOil(Sydney-basedinternationalpetroleumexplorationandproductioncompany)fromRubiconOffshoreandisoperatedontheirbehalfbyAGRAsiaPacific;itiscurrentlyproducing5,000bpd.Theworld'slargestFPSOistheKizombaA,withastoragecapacityof2.2

millionbarrels(350,000m3).BuiltatacostofoverUS$800millionbyHyundaiHeavyIndustriesinUlsan,Korea,itisoperatedbyEssoExplorationAngola(ExxonMobil).Locatedin1200meters(3,940

ft)ofwateratDeepwaterblock200statutemiles(320

km)offshoreintheAtlanticOceanfromAngola,CentralAfrica,itweighs81,000tonnesandis285meterslong,63meterswide,and32metershigh(935

ftby207

ft(63m)by105

ft).theKizombaACOOECDeliversanFPSOtoBHPBillitonOnSeptember9,2009.COOECandAustralia'sBHPBillitonnamedtheFPSO"PYRENEESVENTURE"inCOOEC'sQingdaoFabricationYard.ThisisthefirsttimeforBHPBillionstopurchasealarge-sizedFPSOconstructedinChina.TheexportofthisFPSOmarksthatChinaiscapableofindependentconstructionoftheworld-classFPSOinaccordancewithinternationa