Unitl3People語法篇

通過本節(jié)課，學(xué)生可掌握unitl3中重點(diǎn)語法及其用法，并通過各個(gè)題型的練習(xí)，鞏固語法基礎(chǔ)，提

升綜合解題能力。

過去分詞

過去分詞起形容詞、副詞的作用，在句中作狀語、定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。

一、過去分詞作狀語

1.通常修飾謂語，很多是說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。

Guidedbytheseprinciples,theywentonwiththework.

在這些方針的指引下，他們繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作。

Delightedwithherwork,theymadeherthegeneralmanager.

他們很欣賞她的工作，讓她當(dāng)了總經(jīng)理。

Encouragedbythesesuccesses,theydecidedtoexpandthebusiness.

在這些成績的鼓舞下他們決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營。

Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.

這座橋是1192年修的，已經(jīng)有七百多年的歷史了。

2.過去分詞也可作原因狀語

Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

在他的事跡的影響下，他們做了無數(shù)件好事。

Confinedtobed,sheneededtobewaitedonineverything.

（由于）她臥病在床，什么事都需要人照顧。

Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.

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由于旅途勞累他很快就睡著了。

3.過去分詞也可作時(shí)間狀語

Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksmagnificent.

從山上看這座城市非常漂亮。

Thismethod,triedinareasnearShanghai,resultedinamarkedriseintotalproduction.

這個(gè)辦法在上海附近地區(qū)試驗(yàn)時(shí)總產(chǎn)量有了顯著提高。

4.過去分詞也可作假設(shè)的條件狀語

Givencloseranalysis,wecanseethisistotallywrong.

仔細(xì)分析一下，我們可以看出這是完全錯誤的。

Givenbetterattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.

如果管理得好一點(diǎn)，這些大白菜還可以長得更好。

Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.

（諺）團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。

二、過去分詞作定語

過去分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生或沒有一定的時(shí)間性。

Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?

這是老師推薦的書嗎？

Aletterpostedtodaywillprobablyreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.

今天發(fā)的信或許后天他能收到。

Wehavetopaydutiesongoodsimportedfromabroad.

進(jìn)口商品得交稅。

Ihatetoseeletterswritteninpencil.

我討厭看鉛筆寫的信。

三、過去分詞作表語

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過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。

Thedoorremainedlocked.

門仍然鎖著。

Shefeltdisappointed.

她感到很失望。

Heseemsquitedelightedattheidea.

聽了這想法他似乎很激動。

注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)表示一個(gè)動作。

Itisusuallyclosedat6.

它通常六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。

Thebookwaswrittenbyawoman.

這書是一位婦女寫的。

四、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

Shewasgladtoseeherchildrenwelltakencareofinthenursery.

她很高興看到孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。

HeonceheardthesongsunginGerman.

有一次他聽見有人用德語唱了這首歌。

You'dbetterhaveyourshoesmended.

你最好還是請人把鞋子修一下。

五、過去分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格

Allbooksreturnedattheendoftheterm,thelibraryassistantwassatisfied.

所有的書期末時(shí)都還了，圖書管理員很高興。

Thefieldploughed,hebegantospreadseed.

地耕好了，他開始撒種子。

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1.atoughjobmarket,freshgraduatesaredreamingofrunningtheirownbusinessesinstead.

A.FacingwithB.FacedwithC.FacedupwithD.Facingto

解析：考查非謂語動詞。分詞的邏輯主語是fi*eshgraduates,與facewith間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分

詞作狀語，用facedwith。

答案：B

2.Ifinwetsand,vegetablescanremainfreshforalongtime.

A.beingburiedB.havingburiedC.buriedD.burying

解析：考查非謂語動詞。動詞bury與句子主語之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，原句補(bǔ)充完整后為：Iftheyare

buried...

答案：C

3.1foundheratthedeskaletter.

A.sitting;writtenB.seated;writing

C.seated;writtenD.seating;writing

解析：考查非謂語動詞。seat為及物動詞，不帶賓語時(shí)，用過去分詞形式，此句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，

seated相當(dāng)于sitting；現(xiàn)在分詞writing作伴隨狀語。

答案：B

4.NearlyhalftheU.S.workersquestionedinasurveyyesterdaysaidtheywereworriedthattheir

jobsareatriskamidthecurrenteconomiccrisis.

A.havingreleasedB.beingreleased

C.releasedD.releasing

解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意為“昨天公布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，被詢問的近一半的美國員工稱他們擔(dān)

心眼下的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)會危及到自己的工作”。這里是過去分詞作定語，修飾survey。

答案：C

警示誤區(qū)：解決考查非謂語動詞的題目時(shí)，首先要注意動詞與它的邏輯主語之間的主、被動關(guān)系。

再者，要注意過去分詞形式和beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。這是一個(gè)測試的熱點(diǎn)，不要混淆，單純的過

去分詞表示完成和被動兩層含義，而beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)則表示動作正在進(jìn)行。

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5.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudienceonbenches,chairsorboxes.

A.havingseatedB.seating

C.seatedD.beingseated

解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：促銷活動經(jīng)常在戶外進(jìn)行，觀看的人坐在長凳、椅子或箱子上。本

句中with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，即with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。句中應(yīng)該用seated表狀態(tài)，故選C。

答案：C

基礎(chǔ)演練

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself.

A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood

2.Theworkerswantustogetherwiththem.

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked

3.WhafsthelanguageinGermany?

A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak

4.someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

A.FollowedB.Followedby

C.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby

5.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting

6.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions.

A.beenturneddownB.turneddown

C.tobeturneddownD.toturndown

7.Doyouknowtheboyunderthebigtree?

A.layB.lainC.LayingD.lying

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8.一Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?

一rdliketohavethispackage,madam.

A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed

9.Therewasaterriblenoisethesuddenburstoflight.

A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

10.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven

鞏固提高

、適當(dāng)形式填空（單句適當(dāng)形式）

1.Youcannotacceptanopinion(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.

2.(cover)withsnow,themountainlooksverybeautifulandpeaceful.

3.Agreatnumberofstudents(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.

4.Mycomputerwas(break)soIcouldn'treadyourtwoe-mailsuntiltoady.

5.Healthyeating(combination)withregularexerciseisawaytobecomefit.

6.(found)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.

7.Thecartoon,(intention)fortheyoungkids,turnedouttobepopularwiththeadults.

8.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain(seat)astheplanewasmaking

alanding.

9.Manythings(consider)impossibleinthepastareverycommontoday.

10.1knowthatifIstartwatchingasoapopera,Iimmediatelybecome(addict).

Keys:

基礎(chǔ)演練

DCBBABDDBA

鞏固提高

第6頁

1.offered

2.Covered

3.questioned

4.broken

5.combined

6.Founded

7.intended

8.seated

9.considered

10.addicted

一、選詞填空(單句選詞填空)

1."Allofouricecreamand(freezing/frozen)foodsmelted,nsaidthemanagerofa

storeindowntownManhattan.

2.(Buried/Tobury)deepdownintheearth,thedeadforestsrottedawayandbecame

coal.

3.MostAfricancountriesarecountries,whileAmerica,Britain,Germanyandsoon

arecountries,(developing/developed)

4.(Seen/Seeing)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.

5.Thelittlegirfs(scary/scared)expressionshowedshewasfrightened.

6.1wastoseemyoldfriendsagain.Besides,muchtomy,Tony

expressedhislovetome.(delight/delighted)

7.Don'ttouchtheglassbecauseitis(breaking/broken).

8.Danwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice,buthewenttothestationyesterdayandnowheis

not(worried/worry)anymore.

9.Theairhasleakedoutofthisfootball.Couldyougetit(blow/blown/toblow)up?

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10.Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtooth(examining/examined)?

二、單句改錯

1.Markingwiththedateonwhichitwasbought,thedictionarywasputontheshelf.

2.1havecollectedthemoneyneedingtobuildthenewlibrary.

3.Takinggoodcareof,theoldwomanfeelsveryhappy.

4.Thesoldierstriedtorescuethepeopletrappinginthebigfireonthetopfloor.

5.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspeakingonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.

6.PeoplesayVancouverisCanada'smostbeautifulcity,surroundbythemountainsandthePacificOcean.

7.Beingdrivenbyagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.

8.LeadingbytheParty,wehavewononevictoryafteranother.

9.1amsweepingthefallingleaves.

10.Whentheteachercamein,shefoundtwoofthewindowsbreaking.

Keys：

一、選詞填空（單句選詞填空）

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1.frozen

2.Buried

3.developing,developed

4.Seen

5.scared

6.delighted,delight

7.broken

8.worried

9.blown

10.examined

二、單句改錯

1.Marking改為Marked

2.needing改為needed

3.Taking改為Taken

4.trapping改為trapped

5.speaking改為spoken

6.surround改為surrounded

7.Beingdriven改為Driven

8.Leading改為Led

9.falling改為fallen

10.breaking改為broken

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一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehiswhenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.（2019湖北22）

A.emotionB.talentC.identityD.treasure

2.Thefailurewasabigtohim,buthewasn*tdiscouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticas

ever.（2019福建24）

A.blowB.issueC.excuseD.factor

3.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccessasumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften

yearsofachieve.（2019湖南27）

A.is;takesB.are;takesC.are;takeD.is;take

4.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butknowsthedateforsure.（2019重慶2）

A.everybodyB.nobodyC.anybodyD.somebody

5.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butcontainedany

usefulsuggestions.（2019福建21）

A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither

二、閱讀理解

Theworld'ssmallestknownanimalwithabackbone（脊椎）isafrogthesizeofahousefly,anew

studysays.At7.7mmlong,thenewfoundfrogisalittlesmallerthantheprevious（先前的）recordholder,a

fish,whichmeasuresabout7.9mm.

ScientistChristopherAustinandhisstudentEricRittmeyerdiscoveredthelittlefrogduringatripto

PapuaNewGuineatostudyanimalsandplantsontheisland.Theyhappenedtofindtheworld*ssmallest

frog.

"Thisfroghasacallthatdoesn*tsoundlikeafrogatall.Itsoundslikeaninsect,"saidAustin.

Thecallswerecomingfromallaroundthem,andittookthetworesearchersawhiletofindoutthat

thesoundswerecomingfromtheground.Theythoughttheywouldfindaninsect.Whattheygotinstead

surprisedthem.

"Wefounditbyputtingawholehandfulofleavesintoaclearplasticbagandgoingthroughit

carefullyuntilwesawthatsmallfrogjumpoffoneofthoseleaves,nsaidAustin.

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Thefrogscanjump30timestheirownlength.WhenAustinbroughtthecameratohiseyes,the

subjectwouldoftenalreadybegone.Afterjumpingaroundforsometime,thefrogsstoppedlongenough

forAustintotakephotos.Evenso,hehadtoenlargethephotosinordertodescribethenewspecies.

ThescientistsalsofoundanothernewlittlefrogspeciesinNewGuinea.Austinsaidthattheyfound20

speciesunknownbeforeontheislandofNewGuinea.

Itwasauniqueexperience,butbothscientistsagreethatfindingthesmallestfrogisn'tthemost

importantdiscovery.Instead,itisimportanttofindtinyfrogshavemuchincommon.Almostallthetiny

frogs,atleast29speciesworldwide,arehiddeninthewetleavesontropical（熱帶的）forestfloors.This

helpsprotectthefrogs.Smallsizeincreasestheriskofdryingout,whichwouldkillthefrogs.Inaddition,

theyeatcreaturesthatotherfrogsdon'teat.

1.Accordingtothetext,thenewlyfoundfrog.

A.livesundergroundB.hasauniquecall

C.is7.9mmlongD.feedsonleaves

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthetworesearchers*triptotheisland?

A.Theyjusthappenedtopassthere.

B.Theyfound29newspeciesoffrogs.

C.Theydidn*texpecttofindsuchatinyfrog.

D.Theirmostimportantfindingwasthetinyfrog.

3.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthattinyfrogs.

A.arestrugglingtosurvive

B.prefertoliveinawethabitat

C.areuniquetoNewGuinea

D.differgreatlyfromeachother

4.Thepurposeofthetextisto.

A.reportonarecentfind

B.introducesometinyfrogs

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C.shareatravelingexperience

D.callonreaderstoprotectnature

三、短文7選5

3WaystoMakeResponsibilityFun

Hereare3greatwaystoteachyourchildresponsibilitywhilestillhavingfun:

Caringforapet

Pveheardmanyparentssaytotheirkids,nNow,ifyougetthiscat,I'mnotgoingtotakecareofit.

Youhaveto!”Thisisanunreasonableexpectationforsmallchildrenandsetsthemupforfailure.

1.Instead,whenyourchildgetsapet,acceptthatyouwillhavetocareforthepettoo.

Picktwoorthreefunpettasksthatyourchildcando.

2.Ifyourchildseesyouarecarefullycaringforyourpets,you'llbeteachinghim

howtolookafterthem!Andyouwon'thavetodothatanymore!

Volunteerworkforchildren

Childrenneedvolunteerjobsthatusetheirskillsandallowthemtoseethepositiveresultsoftheir

actions.3,Thiscanbeaneye-openingexperiencethatencourageshimtohelpothers.

4.

Manyparentsrefusetorewardtheirchildren.Butthetruthisthatrewardsworkwhenyouencourage

responsiblebehaviorinyourkid.Childrenunder10usuallycan'tunderstandideaslikesocialresponsibility.

Olderkidsalsobenefitfromrewardsbecaus