2025年無損檢測資格證考試無損檢測英語綜合真題模擬試卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項選擇題（本大題共20小題，每小題1分，共20分。在每小題列出的四個選項中，只有一項是符合題目要求的，請將正確選項字母填在題后的括號內(nèi)。）1.Whenperformingultrasonictestingonaweldedjoint,whichofthefollowingfactorsshouldbegivenprioritytoensureaccurateresults?A.Theoperator'spersonalpreferenceforusingaspecificprobeangleB.ThethoroughnessofthesurfacepreparationbeforetestingC.Themanufacturer'srecommendationforthetypeofcouplantD.Theambienttemperatureinthetestingroom2.Inthecontextofradiographictesting,whatistheprimarypurposeofusinganexposureindex?A.TodeterminetheminimumacceptablefilmdensityB.TocalculatethemaximumallowablethicknessofthetestedmaterialC.ToensuretheoperatorfollowssafetyprotocolsD.Toadjusttheintensifierscreenforbetterimagequality3.Whichofthefollowingnon-destructivetestingmethodsismostsuitablefordetectingsurfacecracksinmetals?A.MagneticparticletestingB.LiquidpenetranttestingC.UltrasonictestingD.Eddycurrenttesting4.Wheninterpretingaradiographicfilm,whatdoestheterm"graininess"referto?A.ThepresenceofsmalldefectsinthematerialB.ThelevelofcontrastintheimageC.ThetextureofthefilmduetoitsmanufacturingprocessD.Theexposuretimerequiredforthefilm5.Inultrasonictesting,whatisthepurposeofusingacouplant?A.ToincreasetheamplitudeoftheultrasonicwaveB.ToreducethenoiselevelinthetestsignalC.ToimprovethecontactbetweenthetransducerandthetestsurfaceD.Toenhancethepenetrationdepthoftheultrasonicwave6.Whatistheprimaryadvantageofliquidpenetranttestingovermagneticparticletesting?A.ItcandetectsubsurfacedefectsB.ItdoesnotrequireamagneticfieldC.Itismorecost-effectiveD.Itprovidesapermanentrecordoftheinspection7.Whenperformingeddycurrenttesting,whatistheeffectofincreasingthefrequencyoftheappliedalternatingcurrent?A.ItdecreasesthedepthofpenetrationoftheeddycurrentsB.ItincreasesthesensitivitytosurfacedefectsC.ItreducestheoveralltesttimeD.Itimprovestheaccuracyofthetestresults8.Inradiographictesting,whatisthepurposeofusingafilter?A.ToprotecttheoperatorfromradiationexposureB.ToreducethescatterradiationintheimageC.ToincreasetheexposuretimerequiredforthefilmD.Toenhancethecontrastoftheimage9.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusingacalibrationblockinultrasonictesting?A.TodeterminethedepthofthetestpieceB.ToverifytheaccuracyoftheultrasonicsystemC.TomeasurethevelocityoftheultrasonicwaveinthematerialD.Tocalibratetheprobeangleforbetterdetection10.Wheninterpretingamagneticparticleinspectionreport,whatdoestheterm"fluxleakage"referto?A.ThemovementofmagneticparticlesduetothemagneticfieldB.Thepresenceofnon-magneticcontaminantsonthesurfaceC.ThedistortionofthemagneticfieldcausedbyadefectD.Theintensityofthemagneticfieldgeneratedbytheprobe11.Inliquidpenetranttesting,whatisthepurposeofusingadeveloper?A.ToenhancethevisibilityofthepenetrantonthesurfaceB.ToremovesurfacecontaminantsbeforetestingC.ToincreasethesensitivityofthetestD.Toprovideapermanentrecordoftheinspection12.Whenperformingultrasonictesting,whatisthesignificanceofthe"timeofflight"measurement?A.ItdeterminesthedepthofthedefectinthematerialB.ItmeasuresthespeedoftheultrasonicwaveinthematerialC.ItcalculatestheangleofincidenceoftheultrasonicwaveD.Itverifiestheintegrityoftheultrasonictransducer13.Inradiographictesting,whatisthepurposeofusingacollimator?A.ToreducetheamountofradiationreachingthefilmB.TofocustheradiationbeamonaspecificareaofthetestpieceC.ToincreasetheexposuretimerequiredforthefilmD.Toenhancethecontrastoftheimage14.Whatistheprimaryadvantageofeddycurrenttestingoverultrasonictesting?A.ItcandetectsubsurfacedefectsB.ItdoesnotrequiredirectcontactwiththetestsurfaceC.Itismorecost-effectiveD.Itprovidesapermanentrecordoftheinspection15.Wheninterpretinganeddycurrentinspectionreport,whatdoestheterm"skineffect"referto?A.ThetendencyoftheeddycurrentstoflownearthesurfaceofthematerialB.ThedistortionofthemagneticfieldcausedbyadefectC.ThemovementofmagneticparticlesduetothemagneticfieldD.Theintensityofthemagneticfieldgeneratedbytheprobe16.Inliquidpenetranttesting,whatisthepurposeofusingacleaner?A.ToremovesurfacecontaminantsbeforetestingB.ToenhancethevisibilityofthepenetrantonthesurfaceC.ToincreasethesensitivityofthetestD.Toprovideapermanentrecordoftheinspection17.Whenperformingultrasonictesting,whatisthesignificanceofthe"gaincontrol"settingontheultrasonicsystem?A.ItadjuststheamplitudeoftheultrasonicwaveB.ItdeterminesthedepthofthedefectinthematerialC.ItcalculatestheangleofincidenceoftheultrasonicwaveD.Itverifiestheintegrityoftheultrasonictransducer18.Inradiographictesting,whatisthepurposeofusingascreen?A.ToprotecttheoperatorfromradiationexposureB.ToreducethescatterradiationintheimageC.ToincreasetheexposuretimerequiredforthefilmD.Toenhancethecontrastoftheimage19.Whatistheprimarydisadvantageofmagneticparticletestingcomparedtoliquidpenetranttesting?A.ItrequiresamagneticfieldtobepresentB.ItislesssensitivetosurfacedefectsC.ItismoreexpensiveD.Itdoesnotprovideapermanentrecordoftheinspection20.Wheninterpretinganultrasonicinspectionreport,whatdoestheterm"refractedwave"referto?A.TheultrasonicwavethatreflectsoffthesurfaceofthematerialB.TheultrasonicwavethattravelsthroughthematerialwithoutreflectingC.TheultrasonicwavethatchangesdirectionduetoaninterfaceD.Theultrasonicwavethatisabsorbedbythematerial二、多項選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分。在每小題列出的五個選項中，有兩項或兩項以上是符合題目要求的，請將正確選項字母填在題后的括號內(nèi)。若漏選、錯選或未選均不得分。）21.Whichofthefollowingfactorscanaffecttheaccuracyofultrasonictesting?A.ThetypeofcouplantusedB.TheambienttemperatureinthetestingroomC.Theoperator'sskilllevelD.ThefrequencyoftheultrasonicwaveE.Thepresenceofsurfacecontaminants22.Inradiographictesting,whataretheprimarypurposesofusingafilter?A.ToreducethescatterradiationintheimageB.ToprotecttheoperatorfromradiationexposureC.ToincreasetheexposuretimerequiredforthefilmD.ToenhancethecontrastoftheimageE.Toimprovethepenetrationdepthoftheradiation23.Whichofthefollowingnon-destructivetestingmethodsaresuitablefordetectingsubsurfacedefects?A.MagneticparticletestingB.LiquidpenetranttestingC.UltrasonictestingD.EddycurrenttestingE.Radiographictesting24.Whataretheprimaryadvantagesofliquidpenetranttestingovermagneticparticletesting?A.ItcandetectsubsurfacedefectsB.ItdoesnotrequireamagneticfieldC.Itismorecost-effectiveD.ItprovidesapermanentrecordoftheinspectionE.Itismoresensitivetosurfacedefects25.Ineddycurrenttesting,whatarethefactorsthatcanaffectthetestresults?A.ThefrequencyoftheappliedalternatingcurrentB.TheconductivityofthetestmaterialC.ThepresenceofeddycurrentloopsD.ThedepthofpenetrationoftheeddycurrentsE.Thetypeofeddycurrentprobeused26.Whenperformingultrasonictesting,whataretheprimarypurposesofusingacalibrationblock?A.TodeterminethedepthofthetestpieceB.ToverifytheaccuracyoftheultrasonicsystemC.TomeasurethevelocityoftheultrasonicwaveinthematerialD.TocalibratetheprobeangleforbetterdetectionE.Toprovideapermanentrecordoftheinspection27.Inradiographictesting,whataretheprimarypurposesofusingacollimator?A.ToreducetheamountofradiationreachingthefilmB.TofocustheradiationbeamonaspecificareaofthetestpieceC.ToincreasetheexposuretimerequiredforthefilmD.ToenhancethecontrastoftheimageE.Toimprovethepenetrationdepthoftheradiation28.Whataretheprimaryadvantagesofeddycurrenttestingoverultrasonictesting?A.ItcandetectsubsurfacedefectsB.ItdoesnotrequiredirectcontactwiththetestsurfaceC.Itismorecost-effectiveD.ItprovidesapermanentrecordoftheinspectionE.Itismoresensitivetosurfacedefects29.Inliquidpenetranttesting,whataretheprimarypurposesofusingadeveloper?A.ToenhancethevisibilityofthepenetrantonthesurfaceB.ToremovesurfacecontaminantsbeforetestingC.ToincreasethesensitivityofthetestD.ToprovideapermanentrecordoftheinspectionE.Toimprovethepenetrationdepthofthepenetrant30.Wheninterpretinganultrasonicinspectionreport,whatarethekeytermsthatshouldbeunderstood?A.TimeofflightB.RefractedwaveC.GaincontrolD.GraininessE.Fluxleakage三、判斷題（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分。請判斷下列敘述的正誤，正確的填“√”，錯誤的填“×”。）31.Inultrasonictesting,theuseofacouplantisnecessarytoensuretheaccuratetransmissionofultrasonicwavesfromthetransducertothetestpiece.√32.Liquidpenetranttestingisprimarilyusedfordetectingsubsurfacedefectsinmaterials.×33.Theterm"graininess"inradiographicfilmreferstothelevelofcontrastintheimage.×34.Eddycurrenttestingisanon-contactmethodthatcandetectsurfaceandnear-surfacedefectsinconductivematerials.√35.Acollimatorinradiographictestingisusedtofocustheradiationbeamonaspecificareaofthetestpiece.√36.Theprimarypurposeofusingadeveloperinliquidpenetranttestingistoenhancethevisibilityofthepenetrantonthesurface.√37.Inultrasonictesting,the"timeofflight"measurementisusedtodeterminethedepthofthedefectinthematerial.√38.Afilterinradiographictestingisusedtoprotecttheoperatorfromradiationexposure.×39.Theterm"skineffect"ineddycurrenttestingreferstothetendencyofeddycurrentstoflownearthesurfaceofthematerial.√40.Magneticparticletestingrequiresamagneticfieldtobepresenttodetectdefects.√四、簡答題（本大題共5小題，每小題4分，共20分。請簡要回答下列問題。）41.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusingacouplantinultrasonictesting,andhowdoesitaffectthetestresults?Theprimarypurposeofusingacouplantinultrasonictestingistoensuretheaccuratetransmissionofultrasonicwavesfromthetransducertothetestpiece.Itreducesthelossofenergyduetoairgapsbetweenthetransducerandthetestsurface,therebyimprovingthesignal-to-noiseratioandtheoverallaccuracyofthetestresults.42.Explainthedifferencebetweenliquidpenetranttestingandmagneticparticletesting,includingtheirrespectiveapplications.Liquidpenetranttestingisusedtodetectsurface-breakingdefectsinnon-magneticmaterialsbyapplyingaliquidpenetrantthatseepsintothecracksandisthendrawnoutwithadeveloper,makingthedefectsvisible.Magneticparticletesting,ontheotherhand,isusedtodetectsurfaceandnear-surfacedefectsinmagneticmaterialsbyapplyingmagneticparticlesthatareattractedtodefectsinthepresenceofamagneticfield.43.Describetheroleofafilterinradiographictestingandhowitaffectstheimagequality.Afilterinradiographictestingisusedtoremovelow-energyradiationthatcontributestoscatterradiation,therebyimprovingtheimagequalitybyincreasingcontrastandreducinggraininess.Ithelpstoproduceaclearerandmoredetailedimage,makingiteasiertodetectdefects.44.Whatisthesignificanceofthe"timeofflight"measurementinultrasonictesting,andhowisitusedtodeterminethedepthofdefects?The"timeofflight"measurementinultrasonictestingreferstothetimeittakesforanultrasonicwavetotravelfromthetransducertothedefectandback.Bymeasuringthistime,thedepthofthedefectcanbedeterminedusingtheknownvelocityoftheultrasonicwaveinthematerial.Thismeasurementiscrucialforaccuratelylocatingandassessingdefects.45.Explaintheconceptof"skineffect"ineddycurrenttestingandhowitaffectsthetestresults.The"skineffect"ineddycurrenttestingreferstothetendencyofalternatingcurrenttoflownearthesurfaceofaconductivematerial.Athigherfrequencies,thecurrentconcentratesnearthesurface,reducingthedepthofpenetration.Thiseffectaffectsthetestresultsbyinfluencingthesensitivitytosurfaceandnear-surfacedefects,withhigherfrequenciesbeingmoresensitivetosurfacedefectsbutlessabletodetectdeeperones.五、論述題（本大題共2小題，每小題10分，共20分。請結(jié)合所學知識，詳細回答下列問題。）46.Discusstheimportanceofpropersurfacepreparationinnon-destructivetesting,particularlyinliquidpenetrantandmagneticparticletesting.Propersurfacepreparationiscrucialinnon-destructivetesting,especiallyinliquidpenetrantandmagneticparticletesting,asitdirectlyaffectsthesensitivityandaccuracyoftheinspection.Inliquidpenetranttesting,acleananddrysurfaceisessentialtoensurethatthepenetrantcaneffectivelyseepintosurfacecracksanddefects.Anycontaminantsorresiduescaninterferewiththisprocess,leadingtofalsenegativesorfalsepositives.Similarly,inmagneticparticletesting,acleananddrysurfaceisnecessarytoensuregoodadhesionofthemagneticparticlesandtoavoidfalseindicationscausedbysurfacecontaminants.Additionally,removingsurfacediscontinuitiessuchasrust,scale,orpaintcanimprovethevisibilityofdefectsandenhancetheoverallqualityoftheinspection.47.Compareandcontrasttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofultrasonictestingandradiographictesting,anddiscussthescenarioswhereonemethodmaybemoresuitablethantheother.Ultrasonictestingandradiographictestingarebothwidelyusednon-destructivetestingmethods,eachwithitsownsetofadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ultrasonictestingisgenerallyfasterandmoresensitivetosmalldefects,especiallynearthesurface,anditdoesnotuseionizingradiation,makingitsaferforbothoperatorsandtheenvironment.However,itrequiresdirectcontactwiththetestpieceandcanbemoredifficulttointerpret,especiallyforoperatorswithlessexperience.Ontheotherhand,radiographictestingprovidesapermanentrecordoftheinspectionandcanvisualizedefectsinatwo-dimensionalformat,makingiteasiertoassessthesizeandshapeofdefects.However,itusesionizingradiation,whichrequiresstrictsafetyprotocols,anditmaynotbeassensitivetosmallsurfacedefectsasultrasonictesting.Inscenarioswherethedetectionofsmallsurfacedefectsiscritical,ultrasonictestingmaybemoresuitable.Conversely,ifapermanentrecordoftheinternalstructureisneeded,orifthedefectsarelargeandeasilyvisible,radiographictestingmaybethebetterchoice.本次試卷答案如下一、單項選擇題答案及解析1.B解析：表面準備對于超聲波檢測至關(guān)重要，因為表面的清潔度和干燥度直接影響超聲波從探頭傳遞到試件內(nèi)部的效率。如果表面不干凈或潮濕，會形成空氣層，顯著衰減超聲波能量，導致檢測不準確。因此，確保表面徹底清潔和干燥是獲得準確檢測結(jié)果的首要因素。2.A解析：曝光指數(shù)在射線檢測中的主要目的是確定底片的最低可接受密度。底片密度過低無法顯示缺陷，密度過高則細節(jié)丟失。曝光指數(shù)通過控制曝光時間和管電壓，確保底片密度在合理范圍內(nèi)，從而既能顯示缺陷又能保留細節(jié)。3.B解析：液體滲透檢測適用于檢測金屬等材料的表面開口缺陷。滲透劑能滲入缺陷并停留在表面，通過顯像劑顯現(xiàn)。而磁粉檢測依賴磁場檢測近表面缺陷，超聲波檢測適用于內(nèi)部缺陷，渦流檢測主要用于導電材料表面和近表面缺陷。表面開口缺陷最易被液體滲透檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)。4.C解析：膠片graininess指的是膠片的顆粒度，這是由膠片制造工藝決定的物理特性。高graininess膠片細節(jié)表現(xiàn)好但對比度低，低graininess膠片對比度高但細節(jié)分辨率差。它不影響曝光時間或缺陷存在，而是影響圖像的視覺質(zhì)量。5.C解析：耦合劑的主要作用是改善探頭與試件表面的接觸，消除空氣間隙?？諝鈺乐厮p超聲波能量，耦合劑通過傳導超聲波減少能量損失，提高檢測靈敏度和準確性。它不改變波速，也不增加波幅，核心功能是改善聲能傳輸。6.B解析：液體滲透檢測無需磁場即可工作，適用于各種磁性材料包括非磁性材料。磁粉檢測只能用于磁性材料，因為需要磁場使磁粉聚集在缺陷處。液體滲透檢測對表面開口缺陷更敏感，且成本通常低于磁粉檢測，但無法提供永久記錄。7.A解析：提高渦流檢測的頻率會減小渦流穿透深度（skineffect）。高頻時渦流集中在材料表面，低頻時渦流能深入材料內(nèi)部。頻率越高，對表面微小缺陷越敏感，但對內(nèi)部缺陷檢測能力下降。這會影響檢測深度范圍和靈敏度。8.B解析：濾光器在射線檢測中用于減少散射線。散射線會降低圖像對比度，使缺陷模糊。濾光器通過吸收穿透材料后的低能量射線，只允許高能量主射線到達膠片，從而提高圖像清晰度和缺陷可見性。它不增加曝光時間，也不保護操作員。9.C解析：校準塊在超聲波檢測中主要用于測量超聲波在材料中的傳播速度。通過已知厚度的校準塊測量聲波通過時間，可以計算聲速，這是準確評估缺陷深度的基礎(chǔ)。它不用于確定試件深度，也不校準探頭角度，核心用途是標定聲速。10.C解析：磁粉檢測中fluxleakage指的是磁場在缺陷處發(fā)生畸變，導致磁力線彎曲并泄露到材料表面。這種磁場畸變會吸附磁粉，形成可見的缺陷指示。它不是磁粉運動，也不是非磁性污染物，而是缺陷導致磁場的變化。11.A解析：顯像劑在液體滲透檢測中的主要作用是增強滲透劑在表面的可見度。顯像劑通過吸走滲透劑并將其集中顯示在缺陷處，形成清晰可見的指示。它不用于去除表面污染物，也不提高檢測靈敏度，核心功能是使缺陷可視化。12.A解析：超聲波檢測中的timeofflight指的是超聲波從探頭發(fā)出到返回探頭的時間。通過測量這個時間并根據(jù)已知聲速，可以計算缺陷深度。它是缺陷定位的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，不測量波速，也不計算入射角，而是確定垂直距離。13.B解析：準直器在射線檢測中用于限制輻射束的照射范圍，使其集中在特定區(qū)域。這既能提高該區(qū)域的圖像質(zhì)量，又能減少不必要的輻射暴露。準直器不減少總曝光時間，也不增強對比度，主要作用是提高檢測區(qū)域選擇性。14.B解析：渦流檢測無需直接接觸即可進行，其檢測線圈產(chǎn)生的交變磁場穿透材料，感應(yīng)出渦流。這一特性使其特別適合檢測表面和近表面缺陷，同時避免了接觸式檢測可能引入的誤差。它不適用于非導電材料，這是其與超聲波檢測的主要區(qū)別。15.A解析：skineffect在渦流檢測中指高頻交變電流集中在材料表面的現(xiàn)象。頻率越高，電流越靠近表面，穿透深度越淺。這是高頻渦流檢測對表面缺陷敏感的原因，也是其無法檢測深層缺陷的物理限制。16.A解析：清潔劑在液體滲透檢測前用于去除試件表面的油污、氧化皮等污染物。如果表面不干凈，污染物會阻礙滲透劑進入缺陷，導致檢測失敗。清潔是確保滲透劑能充分接觸所有潛在缺陷的前提，至關(guān)重要。17.A解析：增益控制調(diào)整超聲波系統(tǒng)接收放大器的靈敏度，影響顯示信號的幅度。通過調(diào)整增益，可以優(yōu)化缺陷回波的可視化，但過高增益會導致噪聲放大，過低增益則可能掩蓋微弱缺陷信號。它不測量深度，也不校準聲速。18.B解析：射線檢測中的屏主要用于增強膠片的感光效果，特別是提高對比度。屏通過將散射線轉(zhuǎn)化為可見光，使底片更清晰。它不保護操作員，也不增加曝光時間，主要作用是改善圖像質(zhì)量。鉛屏用于屏蔽輻射，與增感屏功能不同。19.A解析：磁粉檢測的局限性在于它只能用于磁性材料。非磁性材料如鋁合金、塑料等無法產(chǎn)生足夠磁場來吸附磁粉，因此磁粉檢測不適用。相比之下，液體滲透檢測適用于所有材料，這是其相對于磁粉檢測的主要優(yōu)勢。20.C解析：折射波在超聲波檢測中指超聲波在遇到不同聲阻抗界面時改變傳播方向的現(xiàn)象。當波遇到缺陷或分層界面時，部分能量會折射到新方向，這會影響缺陷的定位和檢測。它不是反射波，也不是直接穿過材料的波，而是改變傳播路徑的波。二、多項選擇題答案及解析21.A、C、E解析：超聲波檢測的準確性受多種因素影響。耦合劑類型直接影響聲能傳輸效率，操作員技能影響檢測覆蓋率和判讀準確性，表面污染物會衰減聲能并可能產(chǎn)生假信號。環(huán)境溫度和頻率雖有關(guān)聯(lián)，但主要影響是耦合劑性能和波型，而非直接準確性。22.A、B解析：濾光器在射線檢測中的主要作用是減少散射線。散射線會降低圖像對比度，濾光器通過吸收低能量射線實現(xiàn)此目的。它不延長曝光時間，也不提高主射線能量，核心功能是改善圖像質(zhì)量。鉛屏用于屏蔽輻射，與濾光器作用不同。23.C、D、E解析：適用于檢測近表面缺陷的方法有超聲波（特別是表面波）、渦流和射線。磁粉檢測主要用于表面和近表面磁性材料缺陷。液體滲透檢測對表面開口缺陷最敏感，射線檢測能發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)部缺陷，但表面微小缺陷可能因散射而難以識別。24.B、C解析：液體滲透檢測相比磁粉檢測的優(yōu)勢在于無需磁場（B），因此適用于非磁性材料。通常更經(jīng)濟（C），檢測范圍更廣。但靈敏度可能略低，且無法提供永久記錄。這兩種方法都只能檢測表面缺陷，這是它們的共同局限。25.A、B、D解析：渦流檢測結(jié)果受頻率（A）、材料電導率（B）和穿透深度（D）影響。頻率越高，穿透越淺，對表面缺陷敏感；電導率影響渦流大小和分布；穿透深度受頻率和材料性質(zhì)共同決定。探頭類型影響檢測能力，但不是主要影響因素。26.B、C解析：超聲波檢測中校準塊的主要作用是驗證系統(tǒng)準確性（B）和測量聲速（C）。通過已知厚度標定聲速，這是后續(xù)缺陷深度測量的基礎(chǔ)。它不用于測量試件整體深度，也不校準角度，核心用途是標定聲速和系統(tǒng)性能。27.A、B解析：射線檢測中準直器的主要作用是限制輻射束范圍（A）和聚焦檢測區(qū)域（B）。這能提高目標區(qū)域圖像質(zhì)量，減少輻射浪費和人員暴露。它不改變曝光時間，也不增強對比度，主要功能是提高區(qū)域選擇性。28.A、B解析：渦流檢測相比超聲波檢測的優(yōu)勢在于無需接觸（B），特別適合在線檢測。對表面缺陷敏感（A），尤其適合導電材料。通常成本更低（C），但無法檢測內(nèi)部缺陷，且結(jié)果解釋需要專業(yè)知識。永久記錄是射線檢測的優(yōu)勢。29.A、C解析：液體滲透檢測中顯像劑的主要作用是增強滲透劑可見度（A）和提高檢測靈敏度（C）。通過吸走滲透劑并集中顯示在缺陷處，使缺陷更清晰。它不用于去除污染物，也不提供永久記錄，核心功能是使缺陷可視化。30.A、B、E解析：超聲波檢測報告應(yīng)理解的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語包括timeofflight（A，用于測深度）、refractedwave（B，界面反射波）、fluxleakage（E，磁粉檢測術(shù)語指磁場畸變）。增益控制（C）是操作參數(shù)，graininess（D）是膠片特性，不是缺陷相關(guān)術(shù)語。三、判斷題答案及解析31.√解析：超聲波檢測必須使用耦合劑，因為空氣會嚴重衰減超聲波能量。耦合劑（如油、水、凝膠）能消除空氣層，確保聲能有效傳遞。這是超聲波檢測的基本要求，沒有耦合劑會導致信號嚴重衰減，無法獲得可靠結(jié)果。32.×解析：液體滲透檢測只能檢測表面開口缺陷，因為滲透劑必須能進入缺陷并停留在表面才能被顯像劑發(fā)現(xiàn)。它無法檢測內(nèi)部或埋藏缺陷。磁粉檢測和超聲波檢測才能發(fā)現(xiàn)近表面或內(nèi)部缺陷。這一特性是液體滲透檢測的基本局限。33.×解析：膠片graininess指的是膠片的顆粒度，影響圖像的視覺質(zhì)量，但與底片密度（對比度）無關(guān)。高graininess底片細節(jié)多但對比度低，低graininess底片細節(jié)少但對比度高。這是膠片制造工藝決定的物理特性，與曝光參數(shù)無關(guān)。34.√解析：渦流檢測利用交變磁場感應(yīng)出渦流，無需物理接觸。它能檢測導電材料表面和近表面缺陷，如裂紋、腐蝕等。這是其獨特優(yōu)勢，也使其特別適合在線檢測。非導電材料無法產(chǎn)生渦流，因此無法用渦流檢測。35.√解析：射線檢測中準直器的作用是限制輻射束的照射范圍，使其集中在特定區(qū)域。這既能提高該區(qū)域的圖像質(zhì)量，又能減少不必要的輻射暴露。準直器通過阻擋部分射線實現(xiàn)聚焦，是射線檢測的標準配置，用于提高檢測效率和安全。36.√解析：液體滲透檢測中顯像劑的主要作用是增強滲透劑在表面的可見度。顯像劑通過吸收滲透劑并將其集中顯示在缺陷處，形成清晰可見的指示。這是液體滲透檢測能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)表面缺陷的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，沒有顯像劑就無法看到缺陷。37.√解析：超聲波檢測中timeofflight指的是超聲波從探頭發(fā)出到返回探頭的時間。通過測量這個時間并根據(jù)已知聲速，可以計算缺陷深度。這是缺陷定位的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，不測量波速，也不計算入射角，而是確定垂直距離。38.×解析：射線檢測中濾光器的作用是減少散射線，提高圖像對比度，它不用于保護操作員。操作員防護需要鉛屏、鉛衣、鉛眼鏡等專用防護用品。濾光器是安裝在射線源和膠片之間的裝置，用于優(yōu)化圖像質(zhì)量，與人員防護無關(guān)。39.√解析：渦流檢測中skineffect指的是高頻交變電流集中在材料