《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)論》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternet“大智物移云”[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇] 當(dāng)今信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的新技術(shù)，大致可以用“大智物移云”5個字進(jìn)行了概括?！癇ig,Intelligent,IoT,MobileandCloud”[KeyTechnologies]

Today’snewtechnologiesinthefieldofinformationtechnologyweresummarizedbyAcademicianWuHequanoftheChineseAcademyofEngineeringwiththewords“Big,Intelligence,Things,MobileandCloud”.“大智物移云”[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]“大”是指大數(shù)據(jù)；“智”是指人工智能；“物”是指物聯(lián)網(wǎng)；“移”是指移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；“云”是指云計算?！癇ig,Intelligent,IoT,MobileandCloud”[KeyTechnologies]“Big”referstobigdata;“intelligence”referstoartificialintelligence;“Things”referstotheInternetofThings;“Mobile”referstothemobileInternet;“Cloud”referstocloudcomputing.平臺功能架構(gòu)[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]Platformfunctionarchitecture[KeyTechnologies]邊緣層[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]邊緣層，主要完成工業(yè)生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集。Edgelayer[KeyTechnologies]Theedgelayermainlycompletesthecollectionofindustrialproductiondata.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，提供通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入邊緣數(shù)據(jù)至云平臺。Networklayer[KeyTechnologies]Thenetworklayerprovidescommunicationnetworkaccessedgedatatothecloudplatform.IaaS層[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]IaaS層，主要提供虛擬化的云基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。IaaSlayer[KeyTechnologies]TheIaaSlayermainlyprovidesvirtualizedcloudinfrastructure.PaaS層[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]PaaS層，主要提供面向用戶的軟件核心工具。PaaSlayer[KeyTechnologies]ThePaaSlayermainlyprovidesuser-orientedsoftwarecoretools.SaaS層[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]SaaS層，主要提供面向用戶的應(yīng)用功能軟件。SaaSlayer[KeyTechnologies]TheSaaSlayermainlyprovidesuser-orientedapplicationsoftware.多技術(shù)融合[關(guān)鍵技術(shù)篇]工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與“大智物移云”等信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的最新技術(shù)都存在著“交叉”或者“融合”；工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并非一種新技術(shù)，而是多種技術(shù)的大融合。Multi-technologyintegration[KeyTechnologies]Thereis“intersection”or“convergence”inthelatesttechnologiesinthefieldofinformationtechnology,suchastheIndustrialInternetand“Big,Intelligent,IoT,MobileandCloud”;TheIndustrialInternetisnotanewtechnology,butagreatintegrationofmultipletechnologies.感知技術(shù)知識圖譜OutlineofPerceptionTechnology感知“五官”第四章感知技術(shù)感知技術(shù)是工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的“五官”，是工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)采集的最關(guān)鍵部分，也是工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。Perceive“FacialSenses”Chapter4PerceptionTechnologyPerceptiontechnologyisregardedasthe“fivesenses”oftheIndustrialInternet.ItisthemostcriticalpartofindustrialdatacollectionandthefoundationoftheIndustrialInternet.標(biāo)識解析體系4.1標(biāo)識技術(shù)2018年，我國工業(yè)和信息化部發(fā)布了《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展行動技術(shù)（2018-2020年）》，提出“標(biāo)識解析體系構(gòu)建行動”。identifieranalysissystem4.1IdentificationAnalysisIn2018,theMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyofChinareleasedIndustrialInternetDevelopmentActionTechnology(2018-2020)andproposedthe“Actionontheconstructionofidentifieranalysissystem”.標(biāo)識解析體系4.1標(biāo)識解析面向全球范圍提供公共的根層級標(biāo)識解析服務(wù),是最高層級服務(wù)節(jié)點。面向全國、地區(qū)范圍提供頂級標(biāo)識解析服務(wù)，，是國家或地區(qū)內(nèi)的最頂級標(biāo)識解析服務(wù)節(jié)點。面向行業(yè)提供標(biāo)識解析服務(wù)的公共節(jié)點。面向企業(yè)內(nèi)部的標(biāo)識服務(wù)節(jié)點。標(biāo)識解析體系的入口設(shè)施。identifieranalysissystem4.1IdentificationAnalysisItisapublicroot-levelidentifieranalysisservicefortheworld,andisthehighest-levelservicenode.Itprovidestop-levelidentifieranalysisservicesinthewholecountry.Itisthetopidentifieranalysisservicenodeinacountry.apublicnodethatprovidesidentifieranalysisservicestotheindustry.aninternalidentifierservicenodeforenterprises.theentrancefacilityoftheidentifieranalysissystem.標(biāo)識解析體系4.1標(biāo)識解析標(biāo)識解析體系是工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的“中樞神經(jīng)”，是實現(xiàn)工業(yè)全要素、各環(huán)節(jié)信息互通的關(guān)鍵樞紐，是工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定運行的核心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。identifieranalysissystem4.1IdentificationAnalysisTheidentifieranalysissystemisthe“centralnervoussystem”oftheIndustrialInternet,thekeyhubforrealizingallelementsoftheindustryandtheinformationexchangeofalllinks,andthecoreinfrastructureforthesafeandstableoperationoftheIndustrialInternet.標(biāo)識解析體系4.1標(biāo)識解析工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)識解析體系相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中的域名解析系統(tǒng)“DNS”。identifieranalysissystem4.1IdentificationAnalysisTheindustrialInternetidentifieranalysissystemisequivalenttothedomainnameanalysissystem“DNS”inthetraditionalInternet.標(biāo)識解析基本流程4.1標(biāo)識解析Processesforidentifieranalysis4.1IdentificationAnalysis身份符號4.1標(biāo)識解析標(biāo)識技術(shù)，能夠唯一識別網(wǎng)絡(luò)上各種工業(yè)要素的身份符號，便于追蹤其工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的全生命周期信息，簡言之就是采用標(biāo)記來對物品做識別。標(biāo)識技術(shù)可分為：主動標(biāo)識和被動標(biāo)識。Identitysymbol4.1IdentificationAnalysisThroughidentificationtechnology,wecanidentifytheidentifiersymbolsofvariousindustrialelementsonthenetwork,anditisconvenienttotrackthefulllifecycleinformationofitsindustrialproduction.Inshort,itistousetagstoidentifyitems.Theidentificationtechnologycanbedividedintoactiveandpassiveidentifier.主動標(biāo)識載體4.1標(biāo)識解析主動標(biāo)識載體，一般指工業(yè)標(biāo)識符嵌入在工業(yè)終端設(shè)備內(nèi)部，具備網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接能力，能夠主動向標(biāo)識解析服務(wù)器發(fā)起標(biāo)識解析請求，支持遠(yuǎn)程對承載工業(yè)標(biāo)識符相關(guān)信息的增刪改查，具備數(shù)據(jù)加密傳輸、接入認(rèn)證等可信功能。Activeidentifier4.1IdentificationAnalysisActiveidentifiercarriergenerallymeansthattheindustrialidentifierisembeddedintheindustrialterminalequipment,hastheabilitytoconnectthenetwork,canactivelysendanidentifieranalysisrequesttotheidentifieranalysisserver,supportsremoteaddition,deletion,modification,andretrievalofinformationrelatedtocarryingindustrialidentifiers,andithastrustedfunctionssuchasdataencryptedtransmissionandaccessauthentication.多場景載體4.1標(biāo)識解析在移動通信場景，基于移動終端實現(xiàn)主動標(biāo)識編碼的相關(guān)部件，主要包括通用集成電路卡、無線通信模組、處理芯片；在固定場景下，基于固定終端實現(xiàn)主動標(biāo)識編碼的相關(guān)部件，主要包括通信模組、處理芯片。Multi-scenecarrier4.1IdentificationTechnologyInthemobilecommunicationscenario,therelevantcomponentsthatimplementactiveidentificationcodingbasedonthemobileterminalmainlyincludegeneralintegratedcircuitcards,wirelesscommunicationmodules,andprocessingchips;Inafixedscenario,relatedcomponentsthatimplementactiveidentificationcodingbasedonafixedterminalmainlyincludecommunicationmodulesandprocessingchips.UICC4.1標(biāo)識解析通用集成電路卡（UICC），是指在移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用的智能卡的總稱。UICC4.1IdentificationAnalysisUniversalIntegratedCircuitCard(UICC)referstothegeneraltermforsmartcardsusedinmobilecommunicationnetworks.接入網(wǎng)能力4.1標(biāo)識解析序號UICC卡應(yīng)用移動通信接入網(wǎng)1SIM2G-GSM2USIM3G-UMTS,4G-E-UTRAN3ISIMNGN-IMS4CSIM3G-CDMA20005R-UIMCDMA,GSM,UMTSAccessnetworkcapability4.1IdentificationAnalysisNo.applicationofUICCcardmobilecommunicationaccessnetwork1SIM2G-GSM2USIM3G-UMTS,4G-E-UTRAN3ISIMNGN-IMS4CSIM3G-CDMA20005R-UIMCDMA,GSM,UMTS無線通信模組4.1標(biāo)識解析無線通信模組，是連接工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)邊緣層和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的關(guān)鍵組件之一，所有邊緣層終端產(chǎn)生的設(shè)備數(shù)據(jù)都需要通過通信模塊匯聚至網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，通過云端管理平臺對設(shè)備進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程管控。wirelesscommunicationmodule4.1IdentificationAnalysisThewirelesscommunicationmoduleisoneofthekeycomponentsconnectingtheedgelayerandthenetworklayeroftheindustrialInternet.Thedevicedatageneratedbyalledgelayerterminalsneedstobeaggregatedtothenetworklayerthroughthecommunicationmodule,andthedevicecanberemotelycontrolledthroughthecloudmanagementplatform.無線通信模組4.1標(biāo)識解析wirelesscommunicationmodule4.1IdentificationAnalysis終端4.1標(biāo)識解析工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)終端，則是連接邊緣層與網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的終端載體，承載數(shù)據(jù)采集、預(yù)處理、加密、控制和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ?。Terminal4.1IdentificationAnalysisTheindustrialInternetterminalistheterminalcarrierthatconnectstheedgelayerandthenetworklayer,andhasfunctionssuchasdatacollection,preprocessing,encryption,control,anddatatransmission.終端架構(gòu)4.1標(biāo)識解析Terminalarchitecture4.1IdentificationAnalysis被動標(biāo)識載體4.1標(biāo)識解析被動標(biāo)識載體，一般指工業(yè)標(biāo)識符附著在工業(yè)終端設(shè)備或者產(chǎn)品表面，承載工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)識編碼，采用標(biāo)識讀寫器才能向標(biāo)識解析服務(wù)器發(fā)起標(biāo)識解析請求。passiveidentificationcarrier4.1IdentificationAnalysisThepassiveidentificationcarriergenerallyreferstothattheindustrialidentifierisattachedtothesurfaceoftheindustrialterminalequipmentorproduct,andcarriestheindustrialInternetidentifiercode.Onlywhentheidentifierreader/writerisusedcantheidentifieranalysisrequestbesenttotheidentifieranalysisserver.一維條形碼4.1標(biāo)識解析一維條碼的寬度記載著數(shù)據(jù)，而其長度沒有記載數(shù)據(jù)；只能由數(shù)字和字母組成。one-dimensionalbarcode4.1IdentificationAnalysisThewidthofaone-dimensionalbarcoderecordsdata,butitslengthdoesnotrecorddata;Itcanonlyconsistofnumbersandletters.二維條形碼4.1標(biāo)識解析二維條碼的長度、寬度均記載著數(shù)據(jù)；能存儲漢字、數(shù)字和圖片等信息，此外還具有“定位點”和“容錯機(jī)制”。QRcode4.1IdentificationAnalysisBoththelengthandwidthoftheQRcoderecordthedata;ItcanstoreChinesecharacters,numbers,picturesandotherinformation,andithas“l(fā)ocatingpoints”and“faulttolerancemechanism”.被動標(biāo)識載體4.1標(biāo)識解析passiveidentificationcarrier4.1IdentificationAnalysisRFID4.1標(biāo)識解析射頻識別技術(shù)，又稱RFID技術(shù)。是一種利用射頻信號通過空間耦合，實現(xiàn)無接觸信息傳遞達(dá)到識別目的的技術(shù)。RFID4.1IdentificationAnalysisRadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisalsoknownasRFIDtechnology.Itisatechnologythatusesradiofrequencysignalsthroughspatialcouplingtoachievenon-contactinformationtransmissionforidentificationpurposes.RFID工作方式4.1標(biāo)識解析WorkflowofRFID4.1IdentificationAnalysis技術(shù)特點4.1標(biāo)識解析Technicalcharacteristics4.1IdentificationAnalysis話語權(quán)4.1標(biāo)識解析建立自主化的工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)標(biāo)識解析體系，將極大提升我國在工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭中的話語權(quán)，對推動中國智能制造轉(zhuǎn)型，保證工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全都具有極其重要的意義。AStrongerVoice4.1IdentificationAnalysisTheestablishmentofanindependentindustrialInternetidentifieranalysissystemwillgreatlyenhanceChina’scompetitivenessintheindustrialInternetindustry.AndforpromotingthetransformationofChina’sintelligentmanufacturingandensuringindustrialnetworksecurity,itisofgreatsignificance.本次課到此結(jié)束TheEnd《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)論》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei感應(yīng)不同信號4.2傳感技術(shù)工業(yè)現(xiàn)場設(shè)備無法感知自身與環(huán)境狀態(tài)的信息，因此需要用到各種各樣的傳感器來感應(yīng)不同信號，便于掌握生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、物質(zhì)、環(huán)境等運行消耗情況。sensedifferentsignals4.2SensortechnologyBecauseindustrialfieldequipmentcannotperceiveinformationaboutitselfandthestateoftheenvironment,avarietyofsensorsareneededtosensedifferentsignals,andcompaniescaneasilyknowtheoperationandconsumptionofproductionequipment,materials,andtheenvironment.應(yīng)用場景4.2傳感技術(shù)Applicationscenarios4.2Sensortechnology傳感器4.2傳感技術(shù)傳感器，是一種能將物理世界的變量，轉(zhuǎn)換成一定規(guī)律變化的電信號檢測裝置。智能傳感器，通過集成微處理器，實現(xiàn)信息檢測與處理功能的器件或裝置。Sensor4.2SensortechnologySensorisanelectricalsignaldetectiondevicethatcanconvertthevariablesofthephysicalworldintoacertainregularchange.Smartsensorsaredevicesthatimplementinformationdetectionandprocessingfunctionsthroughintegratedmicroprocessors.傳感器應(yīng)用4.2傳感技術(shù)Sensorapplication4.2Sensortechnology傳感器分類4.2傳感技術(shù)1）按被測量分類，可分為力學(xué)量、光學(xué)量、磁學(xué)量、幾何學(xué)量、運動學(xué)量、流速與流量、液面、熱學(xué)量、化學(xué)量、生物量傳感器等。Sensorclassification4.2Sensortechnology1)Accordingtothemeasurement,itcanbedividedintomechanicalquantity,opticalquantity,magneticquantity,geometricquantity,kinematicquantity,flowvelocityandflow,liquidlevel,thermalquantity,chemicalquantity,biomasssensor,etc.傳感器分類4.2傳感技術(shù)2）按工作原理分類，可分為電阻式、電容式、電感式、光電式、光柵式、熱電式、壓電式、紅外、光纖、超聲波、激光傳感器等。Sensorclassification4.2Sensortechnology2)Accordingtotheworkingprinciple,itcanbedividedintoresistive,capacitive,inductive,photoelectric,grating,pyroelectric,piezoelectric,infrared,opticalfiber,ultrasonic,lasersensor,etc.傳感器分類4.2傳感技術(shù)3）按敏感材料分類，可分為半導(dǎo)體、陶瓷、石英、光導(dǎo)纖推、金屬、有機(jī)材料、高分子材料傳感器等。4）按輸出量性質(zhì)分類，可分為摸擬傳感器、數(shù)字傳感器。Sensorclassification4.2Sensortechnology3)Accordingtosensitivematerials,itcanbedividedintosemiconductor,ceramic,quartz,opticalfiber,metal,organicmaterial,polymermaterialsensor,etc.4)Accordingtothenatureoftheoutput,itcanbedividedintoanalogsensorsanddigitalsensors.傳感器分類4.2傳感技術(shù)3）按敏感材料分類，可分為半導(dǎo)體、陶瓷、石英、光導(dǎo)纖推、金屬、有機(jī)材料、高分子材料傳感器等。4）按輸出量性質(zhì)分類，可分為摸擬傳感器、數(shù)字傳感器。Sensorclassification4.2Sensortechnology3)Accordingtosensitivematerials,itcanbedividedintosemiconductor,ceramic,quartz,opticalfiber,metal,organicmaterial,polymermaterialsensor,etc.4)Accordingtothenatureoftheoutput,itcanbedividedintoanalogsensorsanddigitalsensors.傳感器分類4.2傳感技術(shù)5）按應(yīng)用場合分類，可分為工業(yè)用、農(nóng)用、軍用、醫(yī)用、科研用、環(huán)保用和家電用傳感器等。6）按使用目的分類，可分為計測用、監(jiān)視用、檢查用、診斷用、控制用和分析用傳感器等。Sensorclassification4.2Sensortechnology5)Accordingtotheapplicationoccasion,itcanbedividedintoindustrial,agricultural,military,medical,scientificresearch,environmentalprotectionandhomeappliancesensors.6)Accordingtothepurposeofuse,itcanbeclassifiedintosensorsformeasurement,monitoring,inspection,diagnosis,control,andanalysis.智能傳感器4.2傳感技術(shù)智能傳感器的概念，最早出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)70年代，由美國宇航局在研制宇宙飛船的過程中提出并形成。為了確保不丟失重要數(shù)據(jù)，同時又能降低成本，因此提出研制能夠集數(shù)據(jù)采集與數(shù)據(jù)處理于一體的智能傳感器。Smartsensors4.2SensortechnologyTheconceptofsmartsensorsfirstappearedinthe1970sandwasputforwardandformedbyNASAintheprocessofdevelopingspacecraft.Thepurposeistoensurethatimportantdataisnotlostwhilereducingcosts.Therefore,itisproposedtodevelopansmartsensorthatcanintegratedatacollectionanddataprocessing.其主要功能4.2傳感技術(shù)1)具有自校零、自標(biāo)定、自校正功能。2)具有自動補(bǔ)償功能。3)能夠自動采集數(shù)據(jù)，并對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理。4)能夠自動進(jìn)行檢驗、自選量程、自尋故障。5)具有數(shù)據(jù)存儲、記憶與信息處理功能。6)具有雙向通訊、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)字輸出或者符號輸出功能。7)具有判斷、決策處理功能。mainfunctions4.2Sensortechnology1)Ithasthefunctionsofself-calibrationandself-correction.2)Ithasthefunctionofautomaticcompensation.3)Itcanautomaticallycollectdataandpreprocessthedata.4)Itiscapableofautomaticinspection,self-selectionofrange,andself-findingoffaults.5)Ithasthefunctionsofdatastorage,memoryandinformationprocessing.6)Ithasthefunctionsoftwo-waycommunication,standardizeddigitaloutputandsymboloutput.7)Ithasthefunctionsofjudgmentanddecision-makingprocessing.我國傳感器技術(shù)發(fā)展4.2傳感技術(shù)我國對傳感器技術(shù)的重視，大致從1980年以后開始，經(jīng)過多年的努力與技術(shù)積累，在傳感器研究方面的應(yīng)用水平發(fā)展較好。DevelopmentofsensortechnologyinChina4.2SensortechnologyChinastartedtoemphasizeonsensortechnologyafter1980.Afteryearsofhardworkandtechnologyaccumulation,theapplicationlevelinsensorresearchhasdeveloped.關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)4.2傳感技術(shù)智能傳感器作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化、系統(tǒng)化的自主感知器件，是實現(xiàn)智能制造和設(shè)備物聯(lián)的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)。keyfoundation4.2SensortechnologyAsanetworked,intelligent,andsystematicautonomoussensingdevice,smartsensorsarethekeyfoundationfortherealizationofintelligentmanufacturingandequipmentIOT.本次課到此結(jié)束TheEnd《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)論》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei機(jī)器視覺4.3視覺技術(shù)視覺技術(shù)，也稱作機(jī)器視覺。通過工業(yè)攝像機(jī)的成像方式來記錄工業(yè)場景信息，使得獲取物體的現(xiàn)場信息更加豐富。通俗來講，即是將工業(yè)攝像機(jī)作為機(jī)器的眼睛，來獲得外界的圖像信息，并以此完成信息識別、距離測量、物品定位等人類眼睛的各種功能。machinevision4.3visiontechnologyThevisiontechnologyisalsocalledmachinevision.Throughtheimagingmethodofindustrialcameras,theinformationoftheindustrialsceneisrecorded,whichmakesthefieldinformationoftheobtainedobjectmoreabundant.Toputitsimply,industrialcamerasareregardedasthe“eyes”ofthemachinetoobtainimageinformationfromtheoutsideworld,andtoachievevariousfunctionslikehumaneyessuchasinformationrecognition,distancemeasurement,andobjectpositioning.感光元件4.3視覺技術(shù)工業(yè)攝像機(jī)的場景記錄功能，主要通過圖像傳感器來實現(xiàn)，圖像傳感器又叫感光元件。它是利用光電器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)換功能，將感光面上的光像轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號的一種功能器件。photosensitiveelement4.3visiontechnologyThescenerecordingfunctionofanindustrialcameraismainlyrealizedbyanimagesensor,whichisalsocalledaphotosensitiveelement.Itisafunctionaldevicethatusesthephotoelectricconversionfunctionofthephotoelectricdevicetoconvertthelightimageonthephotosensitivesurfaceintoanelectricalsignal.工業(yè)攝像機(jī)4.3視覺技術(shù)Industrialcamera4.3visiontechnology是無侵害4.3視覺技術(shù)機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)與前述傳感技術(shù)最大的不同在于，利用機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)進(jìn)行信息感知，對于待測設(shè)備、產(chǎn)品完全是無侵害的。Harmless4.3visiontechnologyThebiggestdifferencebetweenmachinevisiontechnologyandthesensortechnologyisthattheuseofmachinevisiontechnologyforinformationperceptioniscompletelyharmlesstotheequipmentandproductsundertest.是無侵害4.3視覺技術(shù)Harmless4.3visiontechnology機(jī)器視覺特性4.3視覺技術(shù)1）重復(fù)性，使用機(jī)器視覺可重復(fù)的完成某種檢測工作，不會像人一樣因重復(fù)性工作而產(chǎn)生疲倦感。2）精確性，由于人眼有物理條件的限制，在精確性上使用機(jī)器視覺則有明顯的優(yōu)點。CharacteristicsofMachineVision4.3visiontechnologyRepeatability.Theuseofmachinevisioncanrepeatacertaininspectionwork,anditwillnotfeeltiredduetorepetitiveworklikehumanbeings.Accuracy.Duetothephysicallimitationsofthehumaneye,theuseofmachinevisioninaccuracyhasobviousadvantages.機(jī)器視覺特性4.3視覺技術(shù)3）效率性。使用機(jī)器視覺能夠更快的檢測產(chǎn)品。特別是當(dāng)檢測高速運動的物體時，機(jī)器能夠提高生產(chǎn)效率。4）適應(yīng)性。使用機(jī)器視覺可以根據(jù)工業(yè)現(xiàn)場不同的工況環(huán)境，可以做針對性的設(shè)計，從而適應(yīng)更加復(fù)雜的工況環(huán)境。CharacteristicsofMachineVision4.3visiontechnology3)Efficiency.Machinevisioncandetectproductsfaster.Especiallywhendetectinghigh-speedmovingobjects,themachinecanimproveproductionefficiency.4)Adaptability.Accordingtothedifferentworkingconditionsoftheindustrialsite,theuseofmachinevisioncanbedesigned,soastoadapttomorecomplexworkingconditions.機(jī)器視覺特性4.3視覺技術(shù)5）客觀性。人眼會受限情緒帶來的主觀性，而機(jī)器沒有喜怒哀樂，檢測的結(jié)果自然非?？捎^可靠。6）成本性。由于機(jī)器比人快，一臺自動檢測機(jī)器能夠承擔(dān)好多人的工作任務(wù)，可提高生產(chǎn)效率，減少人力成本。CharacteristicsofMachineVision4.3visiontechnology5)Objectivity.Humaneyedetectionwillbesubjecttoemotions,whilethemachinehasnoemotions,andthedetectionresultsaremorereliable.6)Cost.Sincemachinesarefasterthanhumans,anautomaticinspectionmachinecantakeonthetasksofmanypeople,whichcanimproveproductionefficiencyandreducelaborcosts.技術(shù)小檔案4.3視覺技術(shù)“特斯拉自動駕駛”Technicalfile4.3visiontechnology

“TeslaAutonomousDriving”技術(shù)小檔案4.3視覺技術(shù)“?？低曒o助檢測”Technicalfile4.3visiontechnology“HikvisionAidedInspection”本次課到此結(jié)束TheEnd《工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)論》AnIntroductiontoIndustrialInternetLecturer：ZhouHaifei定位技術(shù)4.4定位技術(shù)定位技術(shù)，采用聲光、無線電等方式對目標(biāo)當(dāng)前位置信息獲取的技術(shù)手段。企業(yè)獲取工廠內(nèi)外的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素的實時位置信息，就需要通過定位技術(shù)來進(jìn)行管理，使追蹤物體所在位置信息更加精準(zhǔn)。PositioningTechnology4.4PositioningtechnologyPositioningtechnologyisatechnicalmethodthatgenerallyusessound,light,radio,etc.toobtainthecurrentlocationinformationofthetarget.Formanufacturingcompanies,itisveryimportanttoobtainreal-timelocationinformationofindustrialproductionfactorsinsideandoutsidethefactory.Itneedstobemanagedbypositioningtechnologytomakethelocationinformationoftrackedobjectsmoreaccurate.AGV自動搬運倉儲4.4定位技術(shù)AGVautomaticguidedvehicles4.4Positioningtechnology室內(nèi)/室外定位4.4定位技術(shù)按照工廠對生產(chǎn)要素的定位應(yīng)用范圍，大體可分為室外定位技術(shù)與室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)。Outdoor/indoorpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyAccordingtothefactory’spositioningapplicationrangeofproductionelements,wecandivideitintooutdoorandindoorpositioningtechnology.室外定位系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)室外定位系統(tǒng)，以全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)GNSS最為成熟。主要有美國的GPS系統(tǒng)、中國的北斗BDS系統(tǒng)、俄羅斯的GLONASS系統(tǒng)、歐盟的Galileo系統(tǒng)。outdoorpositioningtechnology4.4PositioningtechnologyForoutdoorpositioningtechnology,theglobalnavigationsatellitesystemGNSSisthebest,mainlyincludingthe

GPSsystemoftheUnitedStates,the

BeidouBDSsystemofChina,the

GLONASSsystemofRussia,andtheGalileosystemoftheEuropeanUnion.GPS系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)GPS系統(tǒng)，由美國國防部研制建立的一種具有全方位、全天候、全時段、高精度的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，為用戶提供低成本、高精度的三維位置、速度和精確定時等導(dǎo)航信息，是衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)在導(dǎo)航領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用典范。GPS

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGPSsystem,developedbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense,isanall-directional,all-weather,all-time,high-precisionsatellitenavigationsystem,whichprovidesuserswithlow-cost,high-precisionthree-dimensionalposition,speedandprecisetimingnavigationinformation.Itisamodelofsatellitecommunicationtechnologyinthefieldofnavigationapplication.BDS系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)BDS系統(tǒng)，中國自主建設(shè)運行的全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，為用戶提供全天候、全天時、高精度的定位、導(dǎo)航和授時服務(wù)的國家重要時空基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。BDSsystem4.4PositioningtechnologyBDSsystemisaglobalsatellitenavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedandoperatedbyChina.Itprovidesuserswithanimportantnationalspace-timeinfrastructurewithall-weather,all-time,high-precisionpositioning,navigationandtimingservices.GLONASS系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)GLONASS系統(tǒng)，最早開發(fā)于蘇聯(lián)時期，后由俄羅斯繼續(xù)該計劃，與美國的GPS相似。該系統(tǒng)可為全球海陸空以及近地空間的各種軍、民用戶全天候、連續(xù)地提供高精度的三維位置、三維速度和時間信息。GLONASS

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGLONASSsystemwasfirstdevelopedduringtheSovietera,andlatercontinuedbyRussia,whichissimilartotheGPSoftheUnitedStates.Thesystemcancontinuouslyprovidehigh-precisionthree-dimensionalposition,three-dimensionalspeedandtimeinformationforallkindsofmilitaryandcivilianusersinsea,land,airandnear-Earthspacearoundtheworld.Galileo系統(tǒng)4.4定位技術(shù)Galileo系統(tǒng)，歐洲自主、獨立的全球多模式衛(wèi)星定位導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，提供高精度，高可靠性的定位服務(wù)，實現(xiàn)完全非軍方控制、管理，可以進(jìn)行覆蓋全球的導(dǎo)航和定位功能。Galileo

system4.4PositioningtechnologyGalileosystemisaglobalmulti-modesatellitepositioningandnavigationsystemindependentlydevelopedbyEurope.Itachievescompletenon-militarycontrolandmanagementbyprovidinghigh-precisionandhigh-reliabilitypositioningservices.Ithasglobalnavigationandpositioningfunctions.技術(shù)小檔案4.4定位技術(shù)GPS定位基本原理，是根據(jù)高速運動衛(wèi)星的瞬間位置作為已知的起算數(shù)據(jù)，采用空間距離后方交會的方法，確定待測點的位置。思考：室外定位技術(shù)有哪些受影響因素？Technicalfile4.4PositioningtechnologyThebasicprincipleofGPSistousetheinstantaneouspositionofthehigh-speedmovingsatelliteastheknownstartingdataandthemethodofresectioninthespacedistancetodeterminethepositionofthepointtobemeasured.Question:Whatfactorsaffectoutdoorpositioningtechnology?常見室內(nèi)定位4.4定位技術(shù)Commonindoorpositioningtechnology4.4Positioningtechnology藍(lán)牙定位4.4定位技術(shù)藍(lán)牙定位，以藍(lán)牙局域網(wǎng)接入點為微網(wǎng)絡(luò)主設(shè)備，隨時接入定位對象，通過測量定位對象信號強(qiáng)度，獲得用戶位置信息。Bluetoothpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyBluetoothpositioningusestheBluetoothLANaccesspointasthemicronetworkmaindevicetoaccessthepositioningobjectatanytime,andobtainuserlocationinformationbymeasuringthesignalstrengthofthepositioningobject.Wi-Fi定位4.4定位技術(shù)Wi-Fi定位，借助Wi-Fi網(wǎng)絡(luò)，掃描和收集周圍的無線AP信號，位置服務(wù)器結(jié)合設(shè)備信號計算其位置信息。Wi-Fipositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyWi-Fipositioning.WiththehelpofWi-Finetworks,byscanningandcollectingsurroundingwirelessAPsignals,thelocationservercombinesthedevicesignalstocalculateitslocationinformation.UWB定位4.4定位技術(shù)UWB定位，利用UWB脈沖信號發(fā)射位置數(shù)據(jù)，定位基站接收并計算出定位標(biāo)簽信號到達(dá)不同定位基站的時間差，獲得被定位對象的位置。UWBpositioning4.4PositioningtechnologyUWBpositioningusesUWBpulsesignaltotransmitpositiondata,thepositioningbasestationreceivesandcalculatesthetimedifferenceofthepositioningtagsignaltodifferentpositioningbasestations,soastoobtaintheposit