閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練單元達(dá)標(biāo)質(zhì)量專項訓(xùn)練試卷一、高考英語閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練1．閱讀理解

Imagineyourbodyislikethehouseyoulivein.Everyday,yourfamilycreatesrubbish.Therubbishbuildsupuntilitisputoutfortheweeklygarbagecollection.

Now,sayyouputthreebagsofgarbageout,butbecauseoneofthecollectorswasawaysick,onlytwobagsarecollected.Youtaketheleftoverbaginsidetobeputoutagainnextweek.Thefollowingweekyouputoutanotherthreebags,plustheleftoverbagfromlastweek.Butagain,onlytwobagsarecollected.Imaginethiscycleisrepeatedoverthefollowingweeks.

Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys(腎)don'tworkefficiently.Yourbodyisnotthoroughlyemptiedofwasteproducts.Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.

It'snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection(診察)difficult.

Kidney'smainjobistoremovetoxins(毒素)andunwantedwaterfromourblood.Everydayourkidneyscleananaverageof200litresofblood.Kidneyfailuremaybeagradualandsilentprocess,goingunnoticedbecausethereisnoapparentpain.

Researchshowsthatmorethan25percentofpatientsfoundtorequiredialysis(透析)donotseeakidneyspecialistuntillessthan90daysbeforedialysisstarts.Someriskfactorsforkidneydiseasesuchasageandgeneticmake-upareoutofourcontrol;however,somechangesinlifestylemayhelppreventkidneydamage.Twomajorriskfactorsforkidneydisease,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,havebeenontheriseoverthelastfewdecades.Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.（1）Theauthorgivestheexampleofthehouseweliveintoindicatethat________.A.

it'ssafeandharmlessforourbodytokeepsomewasteB.

itdoesn'tmattermuchifthewasteinourbodyisnotemptiedintimeC.

it'simportantforourbodytoemptythewasteintimeeverydayD.

ourbodywillnotproduceanywasteifourkidneysworkefficiently（2）Theunderlinedword"insidious"(inParagraph3)means________.A.

gradualandunnoticed

B.

apparentandfastC.

smoothandsafe

D.

painfulandlong（3）Wecaninferthatwhenwefindsomesymptomsrelatedtoourkidneys,________.A.

thekidneyfailurebeginsB.

thekidneysmayhavebeenseriouslydamagedC.

wehavelostabout10percentofkidneyfunctionD.

thekidneyscanstillworkproperly（4）Howmanyfactorsofkidneydiseasearementionedinthepassage?A.

Three.

B.

Four.

C.

Five.

D.

Six.（5）Whichofthefollowinghelpspreventkidneydamage?A.

Gotoseeakidneyspecialistshortlybeforedialysisstarts.B.

Gotoseeakidneyspecialistwheneveryoufindanywarningsign.C.

Trytokeeplowbloodpressureandastablelifestyle.D.

Takeenoughexerciseandmakeearlydetectionofkidneydisease.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了腎臟出現(xiàn)問題的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的重要因素，并指出如何預(yù)防腎病。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容，以及第三段中的“Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys(腎)don'tworkefficiently.”可推斷，作者列舉家庭處理垃圾情況的主要目的是讓我們明白身體和家一樣需要及時處理垃圾，不然對身體有害。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.”和第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，腎功能的變化是由身體其它變化引起的，是一個漸變的過程，而且這個變化沒有任何警示，故推測劃線詞的意思是“逐漸的/慢慢的，無法察覺的”。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，90%的癥狀在被確診之前是看不出來的，而且沒有任何的預(yù)警，故推測當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)腎病癥狀時，腎可能已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重受損。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"ageandgeneticmake-up,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,overweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,"衰老，基因組成，糖尿病，高血壓，超重和不運動,可知，這六項都是導(dǎo)致腎病的原因。故選D。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection(診察)difficult.”和第六段中的“Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.”可推測，早期診察，做足夠的鍛煉可以預(yù)防腎損傷。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.

"Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.

Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.

Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowedflies"observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.

ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."

Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲蟲)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(獵物)position.

Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.（1）Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout？A.

Paceoflifeofanimals.

B.

Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.C.

Lifetimeofsmallanimals.

D.

Timeperceptionofanimals.（2）WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2？A.

Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.B.

Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.C.

Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.D.

Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.（3）Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A.

Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B.

Theycanprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.C.

Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.D.

Theycansendinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.（4）Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?A.

Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.

B.

Preventitselffrombecomingblind.C.

Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.

D.

Trytorunasfastasitcan.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了對動物時間感知的研究。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知，據(jù)一組研究人員稱，動物感知時間的能力與它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，由此可知，文中提到的這個研究是關(guān)于動物的時間感知的，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知，對于能快速移動的動物而言，在極短的時間內(nèi)感知時間的能力可能是生與死的區(qū)別，由此可知，KevinHealy說的意思是快速移動的動物的生存依賴于它們對時間的感知能力，故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchshowedflies‘observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蠅觀察物體運動的時間比我們?nèi)搜鬯苓_(dá)到的時間要短，這使得它們能夠避免被擊中；再結(jié)合第五段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知，它們可以很快做出好的決定，也就是說它們可以盡快處理收到的信息，故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“thetigerbeetle（虎甲蟲）runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybecomingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's（獵物）position”可知，虎甲蟲的移動比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，這就要求它不時地停下來，重新評估獵物的位置，由此可知，為了抓住移動的獵物，虎甲蟲需要不時地停下來確定獵物的位置，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Theterm"smilingdepression"—appearinghappytootherswhileactuallysufferingdepressivesymptoms—hasbecomeincreasinglypopular.Infact,manypeoplewhoexperiencealowmoodandalossofpleasureinactivitiesmanagetohidetheirconditioninthisway.Andthesepeoplemightbeparticularlyeasytosuicide.

Whilesmilingdepressionisnotatechnicaltermthatpsychologistsuse，itiscertaintobedepressedandmanagetosuccessfullymaskthesymptoms.Theclosesttechnicaltermforthisconditionis"atypicaldepression:Itcanbeveryhardtospotpeoplesufferingdepressionbecausetheymayseemliketheydon'thaveareasontobesad—theyhaveajob,anapartmentandmaybeevenchildrenorapartner.Theysmilewhenyougreetthemandcancarrypleasantconversations.Inshort,theyoftenputonamasktotheoutsideworldwhileleadingseeminglynormalandactivelives.Inside,however,theyoftenfeelhopelessanddown,sometimesevenhavingthoughtsaboutendingitall.

Peoplewithsmilingdepressionputonahappyfacetotheoutsideworld,buttheycanexperiencealiftintheirmoodasaresultofpositiveoccurrencesintheirlives.Othersymptomsofthisconditionincludeovereating,feelingasenseofheavinessinthearmsandlegsandbeingeasilyhurtbycriticismorrejection.Theyarealsomorelikelytofeeldepressedintheeveningandfeeltheneedtosleeplongerthanusual.Withotherformsofdepression,however,yourmoodmightbeworseinthemorningandyoumightfeeltheneedforlesssleepthanyouarenormallyusedto.

Sohowcantheybreakthiscircle?Astartingpointneedstobeknownthatthisconditionactuallyexistsandthatit'sserious.Onlywhenwestopignoringourproblemsbecausewethinkthey'renotseriousenoughcanwestartmakinganactualdifference.Thenwecanfindpurposebytakingtheattentionawayfromourselvesandplacingitontosomethingelse.Feelingthatourlivesmatterisfinallywhatgivesuspurposeandmeaning—andthiscanmakeasignificantdifferenceforourmentalhealthandwell-being.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutpeoplesufferingsmilingdepression?A.

Theyarewearingmasksallday.

B.

Theyaredifficulttogetalongwith.C.

Theyleadanabnormallifeactually.

D.

Mostofthemcommitsuicide.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"atypical"inparagraph2mean?A.

representative

B.

common

C.

hidden

D.

formal（3）Comparedwithsmilingdepression,peoplesufferingotherdepressions

.A.mayfeelsleeplessB.feelmoredepressedintheeveningC.aretiredofheavinessinthearmsD.mayeatmorefood（4）Whatcanwedotoovercomesmilingdepression?A.Nevertalkaboutsmilingdepressionandignoreitsexistence.B.Admittheconditionandpayattentiontoourselves.C.Valuetheimportanceofourlifeandenjoyit.D.Findouttheproblemandplaceitontosomebodyelse.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“微笑抑郁”這個名字的來歷，相關(guān)的癥狀，以及克服這種抑郁癥的方法。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inshort,theyoftenputonamasktotheoutsideworldwhileleadingseeminglynormalandactivelives.Inside,however,theyoftenfeelhopelessanddown,sometimesevenhavingthoughtsaboutendingitall.”可知有這種癥狀的人總是表現(xiàn)出正常的一面，而事實上他們的內(nèi)心很失落和絕望，有時甚至想要結(jié)束生命。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itcanbeveryhardtospotpeoplesufferingdepressionbecausetheymayseemliketheydon'thaveareasontobesad—theyhaveajob,anapartmentandmaybeevenchildrenorapartner.”可知這種癥狀很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為患者表面上過著正常的生活，故推測劃線部分的意思事“難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的/隱藏的”。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withotherformsofdepression,however,yourmoodmightbeworseinthemorningandyoumightfeeltheneedforlesssleepthanyouarenormallyusedto.”可知有其它抑郁癥狀的人會在早上感覺情緒低落，和平時相比睡覺更少。故選A。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Feelingthatourlivesmatterisfinallywhatgivesuspurposeandmeaning—andthiscanmakeasignificantdifferenceforourmentalhealthandwell-being.”可知感覺我們的生活的重要性，這最終給了我們目標(biāo)和意義ーー這對我們的心理健康和幸福感會產(chǎn)生重大影響。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測和兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Recently,astheBritishdoctorRobertWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester,hefoundhimselfbecomingsteadilyangry.Awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbegunaloudconversation,whichwouldlastanunbelievablehour.Furious,Winstonbegantotweetaboutthewoman.Hetookherpictureandsentittohismorethan40,000followers.

Whenthetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winstonrushedout.He'dhadenoughofthewoman'srudeness.Butthepresswerenowwaitingforherontheplatform.AndwhentheyshowedherWinston'smessages,sheusedjustonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions:rude.

Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(縮影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness,fueledbysocialmedia.Whatcanwedotofixthis?

Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly,almostlikethecommoncold.Justwitnessingrudenessmakesitfarmorelikelythatwe,inturn,willberudelateron.Theonlywaytoavoiditistodealwithitfacetoface.Wemustsay,"Juststop."ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeantapproachingthewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietlyormakethecallatanothertime.

Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastrangercandriveustodooddthings.Inmyownresearch,surveying2,000adults,Idiscoveredthattheactsofrevengepeoplehadtakenrangedfromtheridiculoustothedisturbing.Winstondidshineaspotlightonthewoman'sbehavior—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.

Wemustinsteadcombatrudenessheadon.Whenweseeitoccurinastore,wemuststepupandsaysomething.Ifithappenstoacolleague,wemustpointitout.Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatstrainthemselves.Asthistideofrudenessrises,civilizationneedscivility.（1）WhatcanyoulearnaboutRobertWinstonfromthepassage?A.

Heknowshowtospeaktorudepeople.B.

Hebehavedimproperlyandspokeloudlyonthetrain.C.

Helosthistemperduetootherpeople'srudeness.D.

Hereactedtoawoman'srudebehaviorwrongly.（2）Whatdoes"fueledbysocialmedia"meaninParagraph3?A.

Rudebehavioriscommononsocialmedia.B.

Rudenesscanbeavoidedthroughsocialmedia.C.

Peoplecaneasilygetawaythroughsocialmedia.D.

Socialmediamayspreadandcauserudeness.（3）Accordingtothewriter,howshouldyourespondwhenyoumeetrudepeople?A.

RecordthemandpostitontheInternet.B.

Pointitoutinapoliteandskillfulway.C.

Donothingbutwaitforotherpeopletofixit.D.

Paythembackbydoingequallydisturbingthings.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthelastparagraph?A.

Wecanonlypointoutrudenessfromfamiliarpeople.B.

Rudenessandmannerscanhardlycoexistincivilizedsociety.C.

Bothstrangersandacquaintancesdeserveourfriendlywarning.D.

Rudepeoplecan'tseetheirrudenessthroughothers'eyes.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過溫斯特對打電話這位粗魯?shù)呐科毓庠诿襟w上的不當(dāng)行為，提出了我們要用禮貌而巧妙的方式指出來生活中粗魯?shù)男袨椤＃?）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Winstondidshineaspotlightonthewoman'sbehavior—butfromafar,inawaythatshamedher.”溫斯頓確實把聚光燈對準(zhǔn)了那個女人的行為——但從長遠(yuǎn)看，這是方式一種讓她蒙羞?？赏瞥?，作者認(rèn)為溫斯頓的做法不正確。故選D。（2）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(縮影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness”可知作者描述這個時代越來越粗魯；再根據(jù)第四段中的“Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly,almostlikethecommoncold.”研究表明，粗魯行為傳播迅速，就像普通感冒一樣。可知作者認(rèn)為粗魯行為傳播很快。因此此處fuel意為“加速”之意，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.”但我們可以優(yōu)雅地做到這一點，處理它時不帶一絲侵略性，自己也不粗魯?？芍?，作者認(rèn)為我們可以禮貌而巧妙的方式指出來粗魯?shù)男袨楹腿?。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.”我們必須保護(hù)陌生人，就像保護(hù)我們最好的朋友一樣?？芍xC?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Itwasthebeginningof2011.IhadjustfinishedfilmingthefirstseasonofGameofThrones(《權(quán)利的游戲》).Withalmostnoprofessionalexperience,IhadbeengiventheroleofDaenerysTargaryen.TheshowwassosuccessfulthatyounggirlswoulddressthemselvesupasDaenerysforHalloween.

Andyet,terrifiedoftheattention,terrifiedoftryingtomakegoodonthefaiththatthecreatorshadputinme,Iworkedmuchharder.

OnthemorningofFebruary11,2011,IwasgettingdressedinagymwhenIstartedtofeelabadheadache.IwassoexhaustedthatIcouldbarelyputonmysneakers.Itriedtoignorethepain,butIcouldn't.Ireachedthetoiletandsanktomyknees.Awomancametohelpme.Theneverythingbecameunclear.Ionlyrememberthesoundofanambulance.

Thatoperationlastedthreehours.WhenIwoke,thepainwasunbearable.Afterfourdays,theymovedmeoutoftheI.C.U.(重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室).Butonedaywhenanurseaskedme,aspartofaseriesofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)exercises,"What'syourname?",Icouldn'tremembermynameandIfeltterrified:Iamanactor;Ineedtoremembermylines.Now,Icouldn'trecallmyname.

Thephenomenoniscalledaphasia.ThenIwassentbacktotheI.C.U.and,afteraboutaweek,Iwasabletospeakandknowmyname.AndIwasalsoawarethattherewerepeopleinthebedsaroundmewhodidn'tmakeitoutoftheI.C.U.IwascontinuallyremindedofjusthowfortunateIwas.

Irarelygaveathoughttomyhealth.NearlyallIthoughtaboutwasacting.Ithoughtofmyselfashealthy.Onceinawhile,Iwouldgetdizzy.WhenIwasfourteen,Ihadamigraine(偏頭痛)thatkeptmeinbedforacoupleofdays.Butitallseemedmanageable—partofthestressofbeinganactor.NowIthinkImighthavebeenexperiencingwarningsignsofwhatwastocome.

Anyway,thereissomethingpleasantaboutcomingtotheendofThrones.AndI'msohappytobeheretoseethebeginningofwhatevercomesnext.（1）TheauthorfeltterrifiedafteractinginthefirstseasonofGameofThronesbecause_____.①shefeltnervousaboutthepublicattention.②shehadbeencriticizedforherlackofexperience.③shewasexperiencingsomewarningsignsofaseriousillness.④shewasn'tsureifshehadperformedwellinSeason1.A.

①④

B.

②③

C.

①②

D.

③④（2）Whendidtheauthorloseconsciousness?A.

Aftershetookanoperation.B.

Afterawomancametoherrescueinagym.C.

Whentryingtoignoreaheadachewhileworkingout.D.

Whenknowingmanypatientswouldn'tsurvivetheillness.（3）Apatientwhoissufferingfromaphasia______.A.

cannotmovehisorherbody

B.

willfallintoseriousdepressionC.

mustundergobrainsurgeryatonce

D.

isnotabletorememberthingsfromthepast（4）Whatcanyouinferfromtheendofthepassage?A.

Theauthorfeelsveryluckytobeanactress.B.

Theauthorisquiteconfidentaboutherrole.C.

Theauthorcan'tgoonactingduetotheillness.D.

Theauthorwillpaymoreattentiontoherhealth.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己在作為一名演員對待工作非常認(rèn)真努力卻忽視了自己的身體健康，直到有一天她暈倒并進(jìn)了重癥病房接受治療，她才意識到要重視身體健康。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Withalmostnoprofessionalexperience,IhadbeengiventheroleofDaenerysTargaryen.”由于幾乎沒有任何專業(yè)經(jīng)驗，我得到了丹妮莉絲·坦格利安這個角色?？芍髡哂X得她認(rèn)為自己沒經(jīng)驗害怕不能很好完成；“Andyet,terrifiedoftheattention,terrifiedoftryingtomakegoodonthefaiththatthecreatorshadputinme,Iworkedmuchharder.”然而，由于害怕受到關(guān)注，害怕兌現(xiàn)創(chuàng)作者對我的信任，我更加努力地工作。可知作者害怕公眾的關(guān)注。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Awomancametohelpme.Theneverythingbecameunclear.”可知，一個女人來幫助我。然后一切都變得模糊不清。作者是一個女人在健身房里救了她之后失去意識的。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butonedaywhenanurseaskedme,aspartofaseriesofcognitive(認(rèn)知的)exercises,‘What'syourname?’,Icouldn'tremembermynameandIfeltterrified:Iamanactor;Ineedtoremembermylines.Now,Icouldn'trecallmyname.”這個過程的描述可知，患有失語癥者會記不得事情，哪怕是自己的姓名。故一個患有失語癥的病人會不記得過去的事情。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Anyway,thereissomethingpleasantaboutcomingtotheendofThrones.AndI'msohappytobeheretoseethebeginningofwhatevercomesnext.”可知，不管怎樣，能演完《權(quán)力的游戲》是一件令人愉快的事情。我很高興還在這里，見證未來的開始。所以通過這次生病，作者意識到自己的健康出了問題，但作者很感激自己身體還是很健康，判斷出作者將來會更加注意她的健康。更好地演戲。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Sharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.

Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence(AI),computingpower,anddrone(無人機)technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdrones—called"WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers"—inthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.

SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas"deeplearning",theSharkSpottersystemreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.

Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂浮倉)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驅(qū)逐裝置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.

InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.

WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.（1）ASharkSpotteris________.A.

asolutiontomonitorsharks

B.

anequipmenttoidentifylifesaversC.

atechnologytopreventsharkattacks

D.

aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones（2）Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill________.A.

taketimelyaction

B.

analyzethevisualdataC.

classifytheidentifiedobjects

D.

turnon"deeplearning"mode（3）Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemis________.A.

efficientinsavinglives

B.

effectiveindetectingsharksC.

smartindrivingsharksaway

D.

practicaloverthewholeseaarea（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Negative.D.Objective.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一種旨在防止鯊魚襲擊的技術(shù)SharkSpotter的工作原理以及重要意義。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.“如果鯊魚被發(fā)現(xiàn)，SharkSpotter會在電腦屏幕上顯示視覺訊號，并向操作員發(fā)出聽覺警告。操作員確認(rèn)了警告，并從鯊魚觀測者系統(tǒng)向沖浪救生員發(fā)送短信，以便采取進(jìn)一步行動。可推斷出SharkSpotter是一種防止鯊魚襲擊的技術(shù)，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂浮倉)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驅(qū)逐裝置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.“在緊急情況下，無人機配備了一個救生浮選艙和一個電子防鯊器，當(dāng)游泳者遇到嚴(yán)重麻煩、被困在裂口或附近有鯊魚時，可以將防鯊器放入水中?？芍?dāng)在游泳者附近發(fā)現(xiàn)鯊魚時，系統(tǒng)會及時采取行動，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段”InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.“2018年1月，西太平洋小開創(chuàng)者救生員隊(WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers)被用來營救兩名在新南威爾士州倫諾克斯海德(LennoxHead)被困的年輕游泳者。這架無人機從距離救生站800米的海灘上飛下來，一個救生浮筒從無人機上掉了下來。整個營救行動耗時70秒?？赏浦谖宥蔚睦痈嬖V我們這個系統(tǒng)在拯救生命方面是有效的，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.“我們相信SharkSpotter對海洋生物和海灘游客來說都是雙贏的。可知作者對SharkSpotter的未來持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Itwasjustbefore8a.m.onOctober17,2010.She'dcheckedthehighersummitsforecastpostedbytheMountWashingtonObservatorybeforesheleft.Basedonherexperience,Balesknewthatherhikewasrealistic.Besides,shehadtwoplansandextralayersofclothingtobetterregulatehertemperatureasconditionschanged.

At10:30a.m.,theweatherwasshowingitsteeth.Balesaddedevenmorelayers,includingajackettoprotectherselffromthecoldwindsandheavyfog.Shemadeherwayacrossthesnow—coveredridgetowardMountWashingtonandbegantothinkaboutcallingitaday.Thenshenoticedsomething:asinglesetoffootprintsinthesnowaheadofher.She'dbeenfollow