2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：人工智能機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題（本部分共20小題，每小題2分，共40分。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀每篇passage，并根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。在答題卡上，選出你認(rèn)為最合適的選項(xiàng)，并涂黑相應(yīng)的字母。）1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheearlydevelopmentofartificialintelligenceisNOTtrue?A.EarlyAIresearchfocusedprimarilyonsymbolicreasoningandlogic-basedsystems.B.TheconceptofmachinelearningwasnotacentralpartofearlyAIdevelopment.C.EarlyAIsystemsweredesignedtoperformspecifictasksratherthangeneralizetonewsituations.D.Theideaof"thinkingmachines"waswidelyacceptedasarealisticgoalduringthisperiod.2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toprovideadetailedhistoryofartificialintelligence.B.TodiscussthelimitationsofearlyAIsystems.C.TointroducetheconceptofmachinelearninganditsimportanceinAIdevelopment.D.Tocompareandcontrastdifferentapproachestoartificialintelligence.3.Theword"pioneers"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.InnovatorsB.CriticsC.FollowersD.Skeptics4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthemajorchallengesfacedbyearlyAIresearchers?A.Thelackofcomputationalpower.B.Theinabilitytounderstandnaturallanguage.C.Thedifficultyinprogrammingmachinestolearnfromdata.D.TheethicalconcernsaboutAI.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefieldofartificialintelligencehasevolvedsignificantlysincetheearlydays.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthisevolution?A.Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.B.AIhasbecomemorefocusedonspecifictasksratherthangeneralproblem-solving.C.Theemphasishasmovedfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplications.D.ThenumberofAIresearchershasincreaseddramatically.6.Theword"substantially"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.SignificantlyB.GraduallyC.BrieflyD.Unexpectedly7.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthekeycontributionsofJohnMcCarthytothefieldofAI?A.Hedevelopedthefirstneuralnetworkalgorithm.B.Heintroducedtheconceptofmachinelearning.C.HeproposedtheideaofauniversalTuringmachine.D.Hecreatedthefirstnaturallanguageprocessingsystem.8.ThepassagementionsthatearlyAIsystemswereoftendesignedtoperformspecifictasks.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthispoint?A.Acomputerprogramthatcanplaychess.B.Asystemthatcanrecognizehumanfaces.C.Arobotthatcannavigatethroughamaze.D.Aprogramthatcantranslatebetweenlanguages.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthelimitationsofearlyAIsystems?A.Theylackedtheabilitytolearnfromnewdata.B.Theywereunabletounderstandcomplexhumanemotions.C.Theyweretooexpensivetodevelopandmaintain.D.Theywerenotabletohandlereal-worldsituationseffectively.10.Theword"elaborate"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.DetailedB.SimpleC.BasicD.Complex11.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthemajorbreakthroughsinthefieldofAI?A.Thedevelopmentofthefirstneuralnetwork.B.Theintroductionofmachinelearningalgorithms.C.Thecreationofthefirstnaturallanguageprocessingsystem.D.Theinventionofthefirstcomputer.12.ThepassagesuggeststhatthefieldofAIhasseensignificantadvancementssincetheearlydays.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheseadvancements?A.Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.B.AIhasbecomemorefocusedonspecifictasksratherthangeneralproblem-solving.C.Theemphasishasmovedfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplications.D.ThenumberofAIresearchershasincreaseddramatically.13.Theword"profound"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.DeepB.ShallowC.BroadD.Narrow14.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthekeychallengesfacedbyearlyAIresearchers?A.Thelackofcomputationalpower.B.Theinabilitytounderstandnaturallanguage.C.Thedifficultyinprogrammingmachinestolearnfromdata.D.TheethicalconcernsaboutAI.15.ThepassagementionsthatthefieldofAIhasevolvedsignificantlysincetheearlydays.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthisevolution?A.Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.B.AIhasbecomemorefocusedonspecifictasksratherthangeneralproblem-solving.C.Theemphasishasmovedfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplications.D.ThenumberofAIresearchershasincreaseddramatically.16.Theword"substantially"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.SignificantlyB.GraduallyC.BrieflyD.Unexpectedly17.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthekeycontributionsofJohnMcCarthytothefieldofAI?A.Hedevelopedthefirstneuralnetworkalgorithm.B.Heintroducedtheconceptofmachinelearning.C.HeproposedtheideaofauniversalTuringmachine.D.Hecreatedthefirstnaturallanguageprocessingsystem.18.ThepassagementionsthatearlyAIsystemswereoftendesignedtoperformspecifictasks.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthispoint?A.Acomputerprogramthatcanplaychess.B.Asystemthatcanrecognizehumanfaces.C.Arobotthatcannavigatethroughamaze.D.Aprogramthatcantranslatebetweenlanguages.19.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthelimitationsofearlyAIsystems?A.Theylackedtheabilitytolearnfromnewdata.B.Theywereunabletounderstandcomplexhumanemotions.C.Theyweretooexpensivetodevelopandmaintain.D.Theywerenotabletohandlereal-worldsituationseffectively.20.Theword"elaborate"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.DetailedB.SimpleC.BasicD.Complex二、填空題（本部分共10小題，每小題2分，共20分。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀每篇passage，并根據(jù)其內(nèi)容填寫(xiě)空格。在答題卡上，寫(xiě)出你認(rèn)為最合適的單詞，并寫(xiě)在相應(yīng)的空格處。）1.EarlyAIresearchfocusedprimarilyon__________reasoningandlogic-basedsystems.2.Theconceptofmachinelearningwasnotacentralpartof__________AIdevelopment.3.EarlyAIsystemsweredesignedtoperform__________tasksratherthangeneralizetonewsituations.4.Theideaof"thinkingmachines"waswidelyacceptedasa__________goalduringthisperiod.5.OneofthemajorchallengesfacedbyearlyAIresearcherswasthe__________ofcomputationalpower.6.Thefieldofartificialintelligencehasevolved__________sincetheearlydays.7.Therehasbeenashiftfrom__________reasoningtostatisticalmethods.8.AIhasbecomemorefocusedon__________ratherthangeneralproblem-solving.9.Theemphasishasmovedfrom__________researchtopracticalapplications.10.ThenumberofAIresearchershas__________dramatically.三、判斷題（本部分共10小題，每小題2分，共20分。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀每篇passage，并根據(jù)其內(nèi)容判斷下列陳述是否正確。在答題卡上，對(duì)正確的陳述，請(qǐng)涂黑“T”相應(yīng)的字母；對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的陳述，請(qǐng)涂黑“F”相應(yīng)的字母。）1.EarlyAIresearchwasprimarilydrivenbythedesiretocreatemachinesthatcouldthinklikehumans.2.Theterm"machinelearning"wasfirstintroducedbyJohnMcCarthyinthe1950s.3.EarlyAIsystemswereabletohandleawiderangeoftasksandgeneralizetonewsituations.4.OneofthemajorlimitationsofearlyAIsystemswastheirinabilitytolearnfromnewdata.5.ThedevelopmentofneuralnetworksmarkedasignificantbreakthroughinthefieldofAI.6.EarlyAIresearchersfacedsignificantethicalconcernsaboutthepotentialimpactofAIonsociety.7.ThefieldofAIhasseensubstantialgrowthinthenumberofresearcherssincetheearlydays.8.TherehasbeenaconsistentshiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethodsinAIresearch.9.AIhasbecomemorefocusedonspecifictasksratherthangeneralproblem-solvinginrecentyears.10.TheemphasisinAIresearchhasmovedfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplications.四、匹配題（本部分共5小題，每小題4分，共20分。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀下列描述，并將每個(gè)描述與相應(yīng)的AI術(shù)語(yǔ)或概念匹配起來(lái)。在答題卡上，將每個(gè)描述的字母涂黑對(duì)應(yīng)的術(shù)語(yǔ)或概念的字母。）1.A.Symbolicreasoning2.B.Machinelearning3.C.Neuralnetworks4.D.Naturallanguageprocessing5.E.Ethicalconcerns描述：a.Theabilityofmachinestounderstandandgeneratehumanlanguage.b.Theprocessbywhichmachineslearnfromdatawithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed.c.AtypeofAIsysteminspiredbythestructureofthehumanbrain.d.AmethodofAIthatinvolvesrepresentingknowledgeusingsymbolsandrules.e.IssuesrelatedtothesocietalimpactandpotentialmisuseofAItechnologies.五、簡(jiǎn)答題（本部分共5小題，每小題4分，共20分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)每小題的要求，簡(jiǎn)要回答問(wèn)題。在答題卡上，寫(xiě)出你的答案。）1.WhatwerethemainlimitationsofearlyAIsystems?2.HowhasthefieldofAIevolvedsincetheearlydays?3.WhatisthesignificanceofmachinelearninginAIdevelopment?4.WhataresomeofthekeyethicalconcernsrelatedtoAI?5.HowhastheemphasisinAIresearchshiftedovertime?本次試卷答案如下一、選擇題答案及解析1.D.Theideaof"thinkingmachines"waswidelyacceptedasarealisticgoalduringthisperiod.解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，早期人工智能的研究者認(rèn)為“思考機(jī)器”是一個(gè)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，但文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)被廣泛接受。實(shí)際上，文章提到這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)是有爭(zhēng)議的，并不是所有人都認(rèn)同。2.C.TointroducetheconceptofmachinelearninganditsimportanceinAIdevelopment.解析：文章的主要目的是介紹機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)概念，并強(qiáng)調(diào)它在人工智能發(fā)展中的重要性。這一點(diǎn)在文章的首段最后一句有明確的表述，即“本文將重點(diǎn)介紹機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)這一概念及其在人工智能發(fā)展中的重要性?！?.A.Innovators解析：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“pioneers”指的是早期人工智能領(lǐng)域的開(kāi)拓者，即創(chuàng)新者。這里的“innovators”和“pioneers”意思相近，都是指那些開(kāi)創(chuàng)了新領(lǐng)域的人。4.A.Thelackofcomputationalpower.解析：文章第三段提到，早期人工智能研究的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏計(jì)算能力。這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)性能有限，無(wú)法處理復(fù)雜的人工智能任務(wù)。5.A.Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.解析：文章第四段明確指出，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)顯著變化是從符號(hào)推理轉(zhuǎn)向統(tǒng)計(jì)方法。這是因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)計(jì)方法在處理大量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)更加有效，而早期的人工智能系統(tǒng)主要依賴于符號(hào)推理。6.A.Significantly解析：根據(jù)文章第五段第一句，“substantially”在這里的意思是“顯著地”。文章提到，人工智能領(lǐng)域自早期以來(lái)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著的變化。7.C.HeproposedtheideaofauniversalTuringmachine.解析：文章第六段提到，約翰·麥卡錫的一個(gè)重要貢獻(xiàn)是他提出了通用圖靈機(jī)的概念。這是一個(gè)理論概念，對(duì)于人工智能的發(fā)展具有重要意義。8.A.Acomputerprogramthatcanplaychess.解析：文章第三段提到，早期的人工智能系統(tǒng)通常被設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)執(zhí)行特定的任務(wù)。下棋程序是一個(gè)典型的例子，因?yàn)橄缕迨且粋€(gè)特定的任務(wù)，而人工智能系統(tǒng)可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)提高下棋的水平。9.A.Theylackedtheabilitytolearnfromnewdata.解析：文章第四段提到，早期人工智能系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)主要局限性是它們?nèi)狈男聰?shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。這與現(xiàn)代的人工智能系統(tǒng)形成了對(duì)比，現(xiàn)代系統(tǒng)可以通過(guò)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)不斷改進(jìn)。10.A.Detailed解析：根據(jù)文章第七段，“elaborate”在這里的意思是“詳細(xì)的”。文章提到，早期的人工智能研究者提出了非常詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃和理論。11.A.Thedevelopmentofthefirstneuralnetwork.解析：文章第八段提到，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重大突破是第一個(gè)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開(kāi)發(fā)。神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種模擬人腦神經(jīng)元結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)算模型，對(duì)于人工智能的發(fā)展具有重要意義。12.A.Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.解析：文章第九段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)顯著變化是從符號(hào)推理轉(zhuǎn)向統(tǒng)計(jì)方法。這是因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)計(jì)方法在處理大量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)更加有效。13.A.Deep解析：根據(jù)文章第十段，“profound”在這里的意思是“深刻的”。文章提到，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一些基本問(wèn)題是非常深刻的，需要深入的研究。14.A.Thelackofcomputationalpower.解析：這個(gè)答案與第一題的答案相同，因?yàn)槲恼碌谌翁岬搅巳狈τ?jì)算能力是早期人工智能研究的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)。15.A.Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.解析：這個(gè)答案與第五題的答案相同，因?yàn)槲恼碌谒亩魏偷诰哦味继岬搅诉@個(gè)變化。16.A.Significantly解析：這個(gè)答案與第六題的答案相同，因?yàn)椤皊ubstantially”在這里的意思是“顯著地”。17.C.HeproposedtheideaofauniversalTuringmachine.解析：這個(gè)答案與第七題的答案相同，因?yàn)槲恼碌诹翁岬搅思s翰·麥卡錫的這個(gè)貢獻(xiàn)。18.A.Acomputerprogramthatcanplaychess.解析：這個(gè)答案與第八題的答案相同，因?yàn)橄缕宄绦蚴且粋€(gè)典型的早期人工智能系統(tǒng)，它可以執(zhí)行特定的任務(wù)。19.A.Theylackedtheabilitytolearnfromnewdata.解析：這個(gè)答案與第九題的答案相同，因?yàn)槲恼碌谒亩翁岬搅嗽缙谌斯ぶ悄芟到y(tǒng)缺乏從新數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。20.A.Detailed解析：這個(gè)答案與第十題的答案相同，因?yàn)椤癳laborate”在這里的意思是“詳細(xì)的”。二、填空題答案及解析1.Symbolic解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“EarlyAIresearchfocusedprimarilyonsymbolicreasoningandlogic-basedsystems.”早期人工智能研究主要關(guān)注符號(hào)推理和基于邏輯的系統(tǒng)。2.Early解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“TheconceptofmachinelearningwasnotacentralpartofearlyAIdevelopment.”機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的概念在早期人工智能發(fā)展不是核心部分。3.Specific解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，“EarlyAIsystemsweredesignedtoperformspecifictasksratherthangeneralizetonewsituations.”早期人工智能系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)而不是泛化到新情況。4.Realistic解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Theideaof'thinkingmachines'waswidelyacceptedasarealisticgoalduringthisperiod.”“思考機(jī)器”的概念在當(dāng)時(shí)被廣泛接受為一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)。5.Computationalpower解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，“OneofthemajorchallengesfacedbyearlyAIresearcherswasthelackofcomputationalpower.”早期人工智能研究者面臨的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏計(jì)算能力。6.Significantly解析：根據(jù)文章第四段第一句，“Thefieldofartificialintelligencehasevolvedsubstantiallysincetheearlydays.”人工智能領(lǐng)域自早期以來(lái)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著的變化。7.Symbolic解析：根據(jù)文章第四段，“Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.”從符號(hào)推理轉(zhuǎn)向統(tǒng)計(jì)方法。8.Specifictasks解析：根據(jù)文章第九段，“AIhasbecomemorefocusedonspecifictasksratherthangeneralproblem-solving.”人工智能變得更加關(guān)注特定任務(wù)而不是通用問(wèn)題解決。9.Theoretical解析：根據(jù)文章第九段，“Theemphasishasmovedfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplications.”重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)從理論研究轉(zhuǎn)移到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。10.Dramatically解析：根據(jù)文章第九段，“ThenumberofAIresearchershasincreaseddramatically.”人工智能研究者的數(shù)量已經(jīng)顯著增加。三、判斷題答案及解析1.T解析：根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“EarlyAIresearchwasprimarilydrivenbythedesiretocreatemachinesthatcouldthinklikehumans.”早期人工智能研究主要是由于創(chuàng)造能夠像人類一樣思考的機(jī)器的愿望。2.F解析：文章沒(méi)有提到“machinelearning”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是由約翰·麥卡錫在20世紀(jì)50年代首次提出的。實(shí)際上，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的概念是在20世紀(jì)80年代才逐漸形成的。3.F解析：根據(jù)文章第三段，“EarlyAIsystemsweredesignedtoperformspecifictasksratherthangeneralizetonewsituations.”早期人工智能系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)而不是泛化到新情況。4.T解析：根據(jù)文章第四段，“OneofthemajorlimitationsofearlyAIsystemswastheirinabilitytolearnfromnewdata.”早期人工智能系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)主要局限性是它們?nèi)狈男聰?shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的能力。5.T解析：根據(jù)文章第八段，“ThedevelopmentofneuralnetworksmarkedasignificantbreakthroughinthefieldofAI.”神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開(kāi)發(fā)標(biāo)志著人工智能領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重大突破。6.T解析：文章沒(méi)有明確提到早期人工智能研究者面臨顯著的倫理問(wèn)題，但根據(jù)文章第四段，“OneofthemajorchallengesfacedbyearlyAIresearcherswasthelackofcomputationalpower.”早期人工智能研究者面臨的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)是缺乏計(jì)算能力，這可能涉及到倫理問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@意味著他們無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。7.T解析：根據(jù)文章第九段，“ThenumberofAIresearchershasincreaseddramatically.”人工智能研究者的數(shù)量已經(jīng)顯著增加。8.T解析：根據(jù)文章第四段，“Therehasbeenashiftfromsymbolicreasoningtostatisticalmethods.”從符號(hào)推理轉(zhuǎn)向統(tǒng)計(jì)方法。9.T解析：根據(jù)文章第九段，“AIhasbecomemorefocusedonspecifictasksratherthangeneralproblem-solving.”人工智能變得更加關(guān)注特定任務(wù)而不是通用問(wèn)題解決。10.T解析：根據(jù)文章第九段，“Theemphasishasmovedfromtheoreticalresearchtopracticalapplications.”重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)從理論研究轉(zhuǎn)移到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。四、匹配題答案及解析1.D.Naturallanguageprocessing解析：根據(jù)描述a，“Theabilityofmachinestounderstandand