2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解真題匯編試卷解題策略考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-7whicharebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Drivenbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceprovidersdirectlywithcustomers,industriesrangingfromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelancewritingandgraphicdesignhavewitnessedasurgeinshort-term,project-basedwork.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibility,notonlyforworkerswhocanchoosewhenandwheretoworkbutalsoforbusinessesseekingagileandcost-effectivesolutions.However,thisshifthasalsosparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitslong-termimplicationsforemploymentsecurity,socialsafetynets,andtheverydefinitionofworkitself.Akeycharacteristicofthegigeconomyisthecontractualrelationshipbetweenplatformcompaniesandindividuals,oftencategorizedasindependentcontractorsratherthantraditionalemployees.Thisclassificationisstrategicallyadvantageousforcompanies,asittypicallyexemptsthemfromprovidingbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,orretirementplans.Whileofferingfreedomfromofficeconstraintsappealstomany,particularlyyoungergenerationsseekingalternativecareerpaths,theabsenceofthesebenefitscreatesvulnerabilities.Gigworkersoftenfindthemselvesnavigatingcomplexandfragmentedhealthinsurancemarkets,lackingthestabilityoflong-termemploymentwithassociatedbenefitspackages.Thelackofjobsecurityandpredictableincomefurthercompoundsfinancialanxieties,makingitchallengingtoplanforthefuture.Theimpactextendsbeyondindividualworkerstobroadersocietalstructures.Thedeclineintraditionalfull-timejobs,especiallyinsectorspreviouslyreliantonstableemployment,mirrorsthegrowthofgigwork.Thistrendraisesconcernsabouttheerosionofthe"socialcontract"thatunderpinnedtheindustrialera,characterizedbylifelongemploymentwithasinglecompany.Criticsarguethatthegigeconomyfostersamoreprecariousandcompetitivelaborlandscape,whereindividualresponsibilityisemphasizedovercollectivesecurity.Theweakeningoftraditionalemploymentpathsmayleadtoincreasedinequality,asthosewithouttheskillsorresourcestothriveinthegigeconomyfacemarginalization.Technologicalinnovationisadouble-edgedswordinthiscontext.Whileplatformsstreamlinethematchingoflaboranddemand,theyalsocontributetotheatomizationofwork.Theemphasisonindividualperformancemetricsanddata-driventaskallocationcancreateahyper-competitiveenvironment,sometimesresemblinga"racetothebottom"intermsofwagesandworkingconditions.Moreover,theanonymityprovidedbydigitalinterfacescandiminishhumanconnectionandthesenseofcommunityoftenfoundintraditionalworkplaces.Whiletechnologyenablesnewformsofworkorganization,italsochallengesthesocialfabricthatpreviouslysupportedworkers.Thefuturetrajectoryofthegigeconomyremainsuncertain,influencedbyongoingregulatorydebates,technologicaladvancements,andshiftingworkerpreferences.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoadaptlaborlawstoaddresstheneedsofgigworkers,seekingabalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandensuringfairworkingconditions.Someadvocateforredefining"employee"statusonplatforms,whileothersproposecreatingnewlegalcategoriesorenhancingsocialsafetynetsspecificallyforthisworkforce.Ultimately,thegigeconomyrepresentsacomplextestformodernsocieties,requiringcarefulnavigationtoharnessitsbenefitswhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsidesforindividualsandthebroadercommunity.1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajoradvantageofthegigeconomyforworkers?3.Theword"exempted"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheimpactofthegigeconomyontraditionalemployment?5.Thephrase"double-edgedsword"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:6.Whatchallengedogovernmentsfaceregardingthegigeconomy?7.Basedonthepassage,whatisapotentiallong-termconsequenceofthegigeconomyforsocialstructures?Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions8-14whicharebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theconceptof"deepwork,"popularizedbyCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Inaneracharacterizedbyconstantdigitalconnectivity,endlessdistractions,andthepressuretobeconstantlyproductiveacrossmultiplefronts,thecapacityfordeepworkhasbecomeanincreasinglyrareandvaluableskill.Unlikeshallowwork,whichinvolvesrepetitivetasksperformedwithlittleconcentrationorcognitiveeffort,deepworkenablesindividualstoachievehigherlevelsofproductivity,creativity,andoveralljobsatisfaction.Severalfactorscontributetothedeclineofdeepworkinmodernsociety.Thepervasivenatureofdigitaltechnology,whileofferingunprecedentedaccesstoinformationandcommunication,alsocreatesapersistentbarrageofnotificationsandupdatesthatfragmentattention.Socialmediaplatforms,designedtomaximizeuserengagementthroughvariablerewards,constantlylureindividualsawayfromfocusedtasks.Furthermore,themodernworkplaceoftenencouragesmultitaskingandrapidtaskswitching,mistakenlybelievingitenhancesefficiency,wheninfactittendstodiminishthequalityofworkproduced.Theabundanceofchoicesandthefearofmissingout(FOMO)furtherexacerbatethisproblembyconstantlyshiftingfocusawayfromthetaskathand.Theconsequencesofalackofdeepworkcanbesignificant.Whenindividualsprimarilyengageinshallowtasks,theirabilitytothinkcritically,solvecomplexproblems,andengageincreativeinnovationsuffers.Theconstantswitchingbetweentasksleadstocontextswitchingcosts,reducingoverallefficiencyandoutputquality.Moreover,withoutperiodsofdeepfocus,individualsmayfindtheirworklackingmeaningandpersonalfulfillment,potentiallyleadingtoburnoutanddecreasedjobsatisfaction.Inknowledge-basedindustries,wherecreativityandcomplexproblem-solvingareparamount,theinabilitytoperformdeepworkcanbeasubstantialcareerliability.However,theabilitytocultivatedeepworkisnotentirelybeyondindividualcontrol.Newportarguesthatdeepworkisaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughdeliberatepracticeandtheestablishmentofspecificroutines.Techniquessuchastimeblocking,whereindividualsdedicateuninterruptedblocksoftimetofocusedwork,canbehighlyeffective.Minimizingdistractions,suchasturningoffphonenotificationsorworkinginaquietenvironment,isalsocrucial.Additionally,practicingmindfulnessanddevelopingself-disciplinehelpsintrainingthemindtoresistdistractionsandmaintainfocus.Byintentionallycreatingconditionsconducivetodeepwork,individualscanenhancetheirproductivityandqualityofoutput,regardlessofexternalpressures.Thevalueofdeepworkisincreasinglyrecognizedinbothprofessionalandpersonalcontexts.Intheprofessionalsphere,theabilitytoimmerseoneselfincomplextasksleadstohigherqualitywork,groundbreakingideas,andgreatercareeradvancementopportunities.Manyhigh-poweredjobs,particularlyinfieldslikeresearch,softwaredevelopment,writing,andstrategicconsulting,requireextendedperiodsofdeepconcentration.Onapersonallevel,engagingindeepworkcanleadtoagreatersenseofaccomplishment,masteryoverchallengingpursuits,andtheabilitytopursuedemandinghobbiesorintellectualinterestswithgreatersuccess.Asthemodernworldbecomesincreasinglynoisyandfragmented,thecapacityfordeepworkmayserveasakeydifferentiatorbetweenhighperformersandtherest.8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisacharacteristicdifferencebetweendeepworkandshallowwork?10.Theword"barrage"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:11.Whatproblemdoesthepassagesuggestiscausedbymultitaskinginthemodernworkplace?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialconsequenceforindividualswholacktheabilitytododeepwork?13.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthedevelopmentofdeepworkskills?14.Whydoesthepassagementionthevalueofdeepworkinbothprofessionalandpersonalcontexts?Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-21whicharebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheArcticregion,oftenperceivedasaremoteandsparselypopulatedwilderness,isinfactacriticalcomponentoftheglobalenvironmentalsystem.Itsvastexpanseofice,primarilyseaiceandpermafrost,playsavitalroleinregulatingglobalclimatepatterns,influencingoceancurrents,andservingasahabitatforuniqueecosystems.However,thisfragileenvironmentisundergoingunprecedentedchangesduetoanthropogenicglobalwarming,posingsignificantrisksnotonlyfortheArcticitselfbutalsofortherestoftheplanet.OneofthemostvisibleandalarmingsignsofArcticchangeistherapidmeltingofseaice.TheextentandthicknessofArcticseaicehavebeendecliningatanalarmingrateoverthepastseveraldecades,particularlyduringthesummermonths.Thismeltinghasfar-reachingconsequences.Firstly,itcontributessignificantlytoglobalsealevelrise,threateningcoastalcommunitiesworldwide.Secondly,thelossofreflectiveicesurfacesexposesdarkeroceanwaterbelow,whichabsorbsmoresolarradiation,furtheracceleratingwarmingintheregion—apositivefeedbackloopknownastheice-albedofeedback.Thirdly,themeltingiceimpactsArcticmarineecosystems,disruptingthelifecyclesofspeciessuchaspolarbears,seals,andvariousfishstocksthatdependonseaiceforhuntingandbreeding.Complementingtheseaicechanges,permafrost—thegroundthatremainsfrozenfortwoormoreconsecutiveyears—isalsothawingatanacceleratingpace.PermafrostcoversvastareasoftheArcticandstoresenormousquantitiesoforganiccarbon,primarilyintheformoffrozensoilandtrappedgaseslikemethaneandcarbondioxide.Asitthaws,thisstoredcarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere,potentiallycreatingadangerouscycleofwarmingthatfurtherboostsglobaltemperatures.Thethawingpermafrostalsodestabilizesthelandscape,leadingtoincreasederosion,landsubsidence,andthecollapseofinfrastructurebuiltuponit,suchasbuildings,roads,andpipelines.Thisphenomenon,knownasthermokarst,posessubstantialengineeringandeconomicchallengesinArcticregions.TheimpactsofArcticwarmingextendbeyondthephysicalenvironmenttoaffectitshumaninhabitants.Indigenouscommunities,whohavelivedintheArcticforthousandsofyearsandrelyontheregion'snaturalresourcesforsubsistenceliving,areexperiencingprofounddisruptions.Changesinseaicepatternsaffecthuntingroutesandtheavailabilityoftraditionalfoodsourceslikesealsandfish.Thawingpermafrostunderminesthefoundationsofhomesandcommunitiesbuiltonit.Furthermore,thechangingenvironmentopensupnewareasforresourceextraction,includingoilandgasexploration,leadingtopotentialconflictsoverlandrightsandincreasedenvironmentalpressures.Theculturalheritageandtraditionalknowledgeofthesecommunitiesarealsothreatenedbytheserapidtransformations.Fromaglobalperspective,thechangesintheArcticarenotisolatedbutarepartofainterconnectedsystem.TheinfluxofmeltwaterintotheArcticOceancanalteroceansalinityandcirculationpatterns,impactingweathersystemsfarbeyondthepolarregion.Forinstance,someclimatemodelssuggestapossiblelinkbetweenArcticicelossandchangesinmid-latitudeweatherpatterns,includingincreasedvariabilityinprecipitationandtemperature.Thereleaseofpotentgreenhousegasesfromthawingpermafrostaddsanotherlayerofcomplexitytoglobalclimatechange,potentiallymakingitmoredifficultandcostlytoachieveinternationalclimategoals.TheArctic,therefore,actsasanearlyindicatorofenvironmentaldistress,reflectingthebroaderconsequencesofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.15.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonesignificantconsequenceofthemeltingArcticseaice?17.Theword"anthropogenic"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:18.Whatproblemdoesthepassagedescribeasbeingcausedbythawingpermafrost?19.WhatimpactdochangesintheArcticenvironmenthaveonIndigenouscommunities?20.Thephrase"interconnectedsystem"inthefinalparagraphrefersto:21.Basedonthepassage,whatroledoestheArcticregionplayinrelationtoglobalclimatechange?Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions22-28whicharebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theconceptof"culturalheritage"encompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'spastthatareconsideredvaluableandworthyofpreservationforfuturegenerations.Tangibleheritageincludesphysicalartifactssuchashistoricalbuildings,monuments,artifacts,andculturalsites,whileintangibleheritageinvolvespractices,performances,expressions,andknowledge,includingoraltraditions,socialrituals,festiveevents,traditionalcraftsmanship,andartisticexpressions.Thepreservationandtransmissionofculturalheritagearevitalformaintainingculturalidentity,fosteringsocialcohesion,andprovidingeducationalandrecreationalopportunities.Thesignificanceofculturalheritageextendsbeyondmerepreservation;itisintrinsicallylinkedtothewell-beingofcommunities.Placesimbuedwithhistoricalmeaningoftenserveaspowerfulsymbolsofidentityandcontinuity,connectingcurrentgenerationstotheirancestorsandfosteringasenseofbelonging.Themaintenanceofintangibleheritagepractices,suchastraditionalmusic,dance,orcrafts,strengthenssocialbondsandprovidesalivingconnectiontoculturaltraditions.Furthermore,culturalheritagesitesandactivitiesattracttourists,contributingsignificantlytolocaleconomiesandcreatingemploymentopportunities.Theeconomicbenefitsderivedfromculturalheritageunderscoreitsimportancenotonlyasahistoricalresourcebutalsoasadynamiccomponentofcontemporarylife.However,thepreservationofculturalheritagefacesnumerouschallengesinthemodernworld.Naturaldisasterslikeearthquakes,floods,andclimatechange-inducedeventsposephysicalthreatstotangibleheritagesites.Pollution,neglect,andlackofresourcescanalsoleadtothedeteriorationofbuildingsandartifacts.Forintangibleheritage,theprimarythreatsoftenstemfromsocialandeconomicchanges.Globalizationandthedominanceofpopularculturecanleadtotheerosionoftraditionalpracticesasyoungergenerationsadoptdifferentlifestylesandvalues.Urbanizationandeconomicdevelopmentcandisplacecommunitiesanddisruptthetransmissionofknowledgenecessaryformaintainingintangibleheritage,suchastraditionalcraftsoragriculturaltechniques.Theveryactof"heritage"cansometimesleadtoissuesofauthenticity,wherepracticesaremodifiedorcommercializedinwaysthatdeviatefromtheiroriginalform,potentiallystrippingthemoftheirculturalsignificance.Effortstosafeguardculturalheritagerequireamultifacetedapproachinvolvingvariousstakeholders.Governmentsplayacrucialrolethroughtheestablishmentoflegalframeworksandfundingforconservationprojects.Internationalagreements,suchastheUNESCOConventionfortheProtectionoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage,provideframeworksforcollaborationandraisingawareness.Localcommunitiesareessentialcustodiansofheritage,andtheirparticipationindecision-makingprocessesisvitalfortheauthenticpreservationandsustainabletransmissionofculturalpractices.Educatorsalsoplayakeyroleinintegratingculturalheritageintocurricula,ensuringthatyoungergenerationsunderstandandvaluetheirculturallegacy.Furthermore,collaborationbetweengovernments,internationalorganizations,NGOs,andtheprivatesectorcanmobilizeresourcesandexpertiseneededforlarge-scalepreservationefforts.Sustainabletourismpracticesthatbenefitlocalcommunitiescanalsohelpinpromotingthevalueofculturalheritage.Thedigitalagehasalsopresentednewopportunitiesandchallengesforculturalheritagemanagement.Digitaltechnologiesenablethecreationofvirtualreplicas,thedigitizationofarchivesandartifacts,andtheonlinedisseminationofintangibleheritagepractices,makingculturalresourcesaccessibletoaglobalaudience.Thiscanenhancepreservationeffortsbycreatingbackupsandprovidingwideraccessforeducationandresearch.However,thedigitaldivideposesarisk,ascommunitieswithoutaccesstotechnologymaybeexcludedfromtheseopportunities.Therearealsoethicalconsiderationsregardingtheownershipandcontrolofdigitizedculturalmaterialsandthepotentialforculturalappropriation.Balancingthebenefitsofdigitalizationwiththeneedtoprotectculturalintegrityandensureequitableaccessremainsacriticalareafordevelopment.22.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?23.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewayinwhichculturalheritagecontributestotheeconomy?24.Theword"imbued"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:25.Whatisaprimarythreattointangibleculturalheritagementionedinthepassage?26.Whatroledolocalcommunitiesplayinthepreservationofculturalheritage?27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialbenefitofusingdigitaltechnologiesforculturalheritage?28.Whatremainsacriticalareafordevelopmentconcerningdigitalizationandculturalheritage?---試卷答案1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithpresentingabalancedviewofthegigeconomybydiscussingitsadvantages,disadvantages,andpotentiallong-termimpactsonemploymentandsociety.2.Amajoradvantageforworkersistheflexibilityitoffers,allowingthemtochoosetheirworkinghoursandlocation.3."Exempted"meansexcludedorreleasedfromsomething,suchasbenefits.Inthiscontext,itreferstocompaniesnotbeingrequiredtoprovidebenefitslikehealthinsurancebecauseworkersareclassifiedasindependentcontractors.4.Thepassagesuggeststhatthegigeconomycontributestoadeclineintraditionalfull-timejobs,potentiallyreplacingthemwithshort-term,lessstableworkopportunities.5."Double-edgedsword"referstosomethingthathasbothbeneficialandharmfulaspects.Here,itreferstotechnologicalinnovationinthegigeconomy,whichenablesplatformoperationsbutalsocontributestotheatomizationandhyper-competitionofwork.6.Governmentsfacethechallengeofadaptingexistinglaborlawsandpotentiallycreatingnewregulationstoaddresstheneedsandrightsofgigworkers,findingabalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandensuringfairworkingconditions.7.Apotentiallong-termconsequenceforsocialstructuresistheerosionofthetraditionalemploymentmodelandsocialsafetynet,potentiallyleadingtoincreasedinequalityandamoreprecariouslaborlandscape.8.Thepassagemainlydiscussestheconceptofdeepwork,itscharacteristics,factorscontributingtoitsdecline,consequencesofitsabsence,andmethodsforcultivatingit.9.Akeydifferenceisthatdeepworkinvolvescognitivelydemandingtasksrequiringfocusandconcentration,whereasshallowworkinvolvesrepetitive,low-efforttasks.10."Barrage"meansacontinuousandoverwhelmingamountofsomething.Inthiscontext,itreferstotheconstantstreamofnotificationsandupdatesfromdigitaltechnologythatfragmentattention.11.Thepassagesuggeststhatmultitaskinginthemodernworkplaceleadstocontextswitchingcosts,reducingoverallefficiencyandthequalityofworkproduced.12.Apotentialconsequenceforindividualswholacktheabilitytododeepworkisadeclineinproductivity,creativity,andjobsatisfaction,aswellasincreasedriskofburnout.13.Thepassagesuggeststhatdeepworkskillscanbedevelopedthroughdeliberatepracticeandtheestablishmentofspecificroutines,suchastimeblockingandminimizingdistractions.14.Thevalueofdeepworkismentionedinbothprofessionalandpersonalcontextsbecauseitenableshigherproductivity,creativity,andoveralljobsatisfaction,leadingtogreatercareeradvancementandpersonalfulfillment,especiallyinfieldsrequiringcomplexproblem-solving.15.TheprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplainthesignificanceoftheArcticregion,describetheimpactsofclimatechangeonitsseaiceandpermafrost,anddiscussthebroaderconsequencesfortheglobalenvironmentanditsinhabitants.16.OnesignificantconsequenceofthemeltingArcticseaiceisitscontributiontoglobalsealevelrise,threateningcoastalcommunitiesworldwide.17."Anthropogenic"meanshuman-caused.Inthiscontext,itreferstochangesintheArcticduetohumanactivities,specificallyglobalwarming.18.Thepassagedescribesaproblemcausedbythawingpermafrostasthereleaseoflargeamountsofstoredgreenhousegases(methaneandcarbondioxide)intotheatmosphere,potentiallycreatingadangerouscycleofwarming.19.ChangesintheArcticenvironmentimpa