2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解真題試卷經(jīng)典題型解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartAReadthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theconceptofa"knowledgeeconomy"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecades,emphasizingtheroleofintellectualcapitalastheprimarydriverofeconomicgrowthandsocietalprogress.Proponentsarguethatinanincreasinglyglobalizedandtechnologicallyadvancedworld,nationsandorganizationsthatcaneffectivelycreate,disseminate,andutilizeknowledgewillpossessacompetitiveedge.Thisshiftsignifiesamoveawayfromtraditionaleconomiesreliantonphysicalcapitalandlabortowardsoneswhereinformationandideasarevaluedmosthighly.However,theprecisenatureofthistransitionanditsimplicationsremainsubjectsofintensedebateamongeconomists,sociologists,andpolicymakers.Oneofthecoreargumentssupportingtheknowledgeeconomyhypothesisisthetransformativepowerofinnovation.Breakthroughsinscienceandtechnology,facilitatedbyarobustsystemofresearchanddevelopment,canleadtothecreationofentirelynewindustriesandthedisruptionofexistingones.Companiesthatsuccessfullycommercializenovelideasoftenachieveextraordinarygrowth,generatingsubstantialeconomicvalue.Furthermore,accesstoknowledgeisincreasinglyseenasafundamentalright,withinitiativespromotingdigitalliteracyandopenaccessaimingtodemocratizeinformationandopportunities.Thisperspectiveholdsthatawidespreaddistributionofknowledgecanfostercreativityandinnovationatthegrassrootslevel,contributingtomoreinclusiveandsustainabledevelopment.Criticsoftheknowledgeeconomy,however,raiselegitimateconcernsaboutequityandaccessibility.Thehighvalueplacedonintellectualpropertycansometimescreatebarrierstoknowledgesharing,particularlybetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries.Thereareworriesthatthebenefitsoftheknowledgeeconomyaredisproportionatelyconcentratedamongthosewhopossessthenecessaryskillsandresourcestoparticipateintheglobalknowledgemarket.Thiscanexacerbateexistinginequalities,bothwithinandbetweennations.Additionally,therapidpaceoftechnologicalchange,whileasourceofprogress,canleadtojobdisplacementascertaintasksbecomeautomated,posingchallengesforworkforceadaptationandretraining.Ultimately,thedebatesurroundingtheknowledgeeconomyhighlightsthecomplexinterplaybetweenknowledge,technology,andeconomicstructures.Whilethepotentialbenefitsofleveragingintellectualcapitalareundeniable,itiscrucialtoaddresstheassociatedchallengestoensurethatthetransitionisinclusiveandequitable.Policiesthatpromoteeducation,supportresearchanddevelopment,andfacilitatethedisseminationofknowledgewhilealsosafeguardingagainstunfairpracticesandaddressingthesocialconsequencesoftechnologicaladvancementwillbeessentialforharnessingthefullpotentialoftheknowledgeeraforthebenefitofall.Questions:1.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses______.A)thedefinitionandoriginsoftheknowledgeeconomyB)thepotentialbenefitsandchallengesoftheknowledgeeconomyC)theroleofinnovationindrivingeconomicgrowthD)theimportanceofdigitalliteracyinthemodernworld2.Accordingtoproponentsoftheknowledgeeconomy,whatwillgivenationsandorganizationsacompetitiveadvantage?A)ControllingphysicalresourcesB)PossessingintellectualcapitalC)HavingalargelaborforceD)Investingininfrastructure3.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsregardingtheknowledgeeconomy?A)Itleadstoadecreaseinoveralleconomicgrowth.B)Itexacerbatesinequalitiesinaccesstoknowledge.C)Itmakesresearchanddevelopmenttooexpensive.D)Itreducesthedemandforskilledworkers.4.Theword"disruption"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A)enhancementB)modificationC)transformationD)stabilization5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisessentialforapositivetransitiontotheknowledgeeconomy?A)Increasingthefocusonintellectualpropertyrights.B)Ensuringpoliciesaddressequityandaccessibility.C)Encouragingrapidtechnologicalchangewithoutregulation.D)Prioritizingeconomicgrowthoversocialconsequences.Passage2Urbanizationisarguablyoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofthe21stcentury,withmillionsofpeoplemigratingfromruralareastocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,education,andservices.Thisrelentlessurbandrifttransformslandscapesatanunprecedentedrate,creatingmegacitiesthathouseasignificantportionoftheglobalpopulation.Whilecitiesofferunparalleledconnectivityandaccesstoresources,theyalsopresentauniquesetofenvironmentalchallengesthatdemandurgentattention.Oneofthemostpressingissuesassociatedwithrapidurbanizationisthestrainoninfrastructure.Aspopulationsgrow,thereisanincreasingdemandforhousing,transportationnetworks,watersupply,andsanitationsystems.Failuretoadequatelyexpandandmaintainthesefacilitiesoftenresultsinovercrowding,trafficcongestion,andinadequateaccesstobasicservicesforasignificantportionoftheurbanpopulation.Thiscanleadtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslums,whereresidentsfacenumeroushardships.Furthermore,theconcentrationofpeopleinurbanareassignificantlyimpactstheenvironment.Theexpansionofcitiesoftenleadstodeforestationandhabitatdestructionaslandisclearedforconstruction.Thehighdensityofbuildingsandactivitiesgeneratessubstantialamountsofairandnoisepollution,negativelyaffectingthehealthandwell-beingofcitydwellers.Additionally,citiesaremajorcontributorstogreenhousegasemissions,primarilythroughtransportationandenergyconsumption,exacerbatingclimatechange.Managingwasteeffectivelyisanothercriticalchallenge,withimproperdisposalcontributingtopollutionandhealthrisks.Addressingtheseurbanchallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproach.Sustainableurbanplanningiscrucial,involvingthestrategicdesignofcitiestominimizeenvironmentalimpactandpromotelivability.Thisincludesinvestingingreeninfrastructurelikeparksandgreenroofs,implementingefficientpublictransportationsystems,andencouragingtheuseofrenewableenergysources.Furthermore,policiesmustfocusonimprovinginfrastructureforallresidents,ensuringaccesstoadequatehousing,sanitation,andcleanwater.Engaginglocalcommunitiesintheplanningprocessandfosteringacultureofsustainabilityarealsoessentialforcreatingcitiesthatareresilient,equitable,andenvironmentallyfriendly.Questions:6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)TheeconomicbenefitsofurbanizationB)TheenvironmentalchallengesofrapidurbanizationC)ThecausesofpopulationmigrationtocitiesD)Theroleofinfrastructureinmegacities7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconsequenceoffailingtoadequatelyexpandurbaninfrastructure?A)Increasedaccesstoeducationforallresidents.B)Thedevelopmentofformalhousingprojects.C)Overcrowdingandinadequateaccesstoservices.D)Reduceddemandfortransportationnetworks.8.Thepassagesuggeststhaturbanizationcontributestoenvironmentalproblemssuchas______.A)increasedagriculturalproductivityB)reducedwaterconsumptionC)deforestationandairpollutionD)decreasednoiselevels9.Whataspectofurbanplanningishighlightedasimportantforminimizingenvironmentalimpact?A)Constructinghigh-risebuildingsB)ExpandingroadnetworksC)InvestingingreeninfrastructureD)Increasingindustrialzones10.Theword"resilient"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A)fragileB)adaptableC)deterioratingD)overwhelmingPassage3Thehumanrelationshipwithnaturehasundergoneasignificanttransformationoverthecourseofhistory.Formuchofhumanexistence,peoplelivedcloselyintegratedwiththeirnaturalsurroundings,relyingonecosystemsforsustenance,shelter,andinspiration.Indigenouscultures,inparticular,oftendevelopeddeepspiritualandpracticalconnectionswiththeland,viewingthemselvesaspartof,ratherthanmastersof,thenaturalworld.However,withtheadventofindustrializationandthesubsequentaccelerationoftechnologicalprogress,thisrelationshiphasfundamentallyshifted.Industrializationmarkedaperiodofunprecedentedhumaninterventionintheenvironment.Thepursuitofeconomicgrowthandresourceexploitationledtolarge-scaledeforestation,mining,andpollution,oftenwithlittleregardforlong-termconsequences.Technologicaladvancements,whileimprovinglivingstandardsinmanyways,alsocreatednewformsofenvironmentalharm,suchastheemissionofindustrialgasesandtheproliferationofsyntheticchemicals.Thiserasawagrowingseparationbetweenhumansandnature,withmanypeoplelivinginurbanenvironmentsdetachedfromnaturallandscapesandecologicalprocesses.Theconsequencesofthisdisruptedrelationshiparebecomingincreasinglyevidentintheformofenvironmentalcrises.Climatechange,biodiversityloss,andpollutionarejustafewexamplesofthenegativeimpactsresultingfromhumanactivitiesthatdisregardecologicalbalance.Thesechallengesposeadirectthreattotheplanet'shealthand,consequently,tohumanwell-being.Thereisagrowingrecognitionthatthecurrentmodelofdevelopment,whichprioritizesshort-termeconomicgainoverenvironmentalsustainability,isunsustainable.Fortunately,thereisagrowingmovementtore-establishamoreharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.Conceptslikeconservationism,environmentalism,andsustainabilityhavegainedtraction,advocatingfortheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsandtheresponsiblemanagementofresources.Initiativessuchasreforestationprojects,theestablishmentofprotectedareas,andthepromotionofrenewableenergyaimtomitigateenvironmentaldamageandrestoreecologicalbalance.Furthermore,thereisagrowingemphasisoneducationandawareness,encouragingpeopletoappreciatethevalueofnatureandunderstandtheirroleinprotectingit.Shiftingsocietalvaluestoprioritizelong-termecologicalhealthoverimmediateeconomicbenefitsiscrucialforsecuringasustainablefuture.Questions:11.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses______.A)thetechnologicaladvancementsoftheindustrialeraB)theevolutionofthehumanrelationshipwithnatureC)thenegativeimpactsofurbanizationonindigenousculturesD)theimportanceofresourceexploitationforeconomicgrowth12.Whatchangeinhuman-environmentinteractionisassociatedwithindustrialization?A)Increasedrelianceonnaturalresourcesforshelter.B)Amovetowardsmoresustainablepractices.C)Greaterseparationfromnaturallandscapes.D)Enhancedspiritualconnectionwiththeland.13.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeconsequencesofhumanactivitiesthatdisregardecologicalbalance?A)Improvedairqualityandincreasedbiodiversity.B)Technologicaladvancementsandeconomicgrowth.C)Climatechangeandlossofbiodiversity.D)Urbandevelopmentandimprovedinfrastructure.14.Thepassagementionsseveralinitiativesaimedatmitigatingenvironmentaldamage.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?A)Establishingprotectedareas.B)Promotingtheuseofrenewableenergy.C)Encouraginglarge-scaledeforestation.D)Implementingreforestationprojects.15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestiscrucialforsecuringasustainablefuture?A)Prioritizingshort-termeconomicgain.B)Continuingindustrializationwithoutmodification.C)Shiftingsocietalvaluestowardsecologicalhealth.D)Reducingeducationandawarenessinitiatives.Passage4Effectivecommunicationisfundamentaltosuccessinalmosteveryaspectoflife,frompersonalrelationshipstoprofessionalenvironments.However,thewaywecommunicateisconstantlyevolving,influencedbytechnologicaladvancements,culturalshifts,andchangingsocialnorms.Understandingthesedynamicsiscrucialfornavigatinginteractionseffectivelyandavoidingmisunderstandings.Onesignificantareaofevolutionincommunicationistheriseofdigitalmediaanddigitalcommunicationplatforms.Email,socialmedia,instantmessaging,andvideoconferencinghavebecomeubiquitous,drasticallychanginghowpeopleinteract,shareinformation,andbuildrelationships.Whilethesetechnologiesoffernumerousadvantages,suchasinstantconnectivityandtheabilitytoreachaglobalaudience,theyalsopresentuniquechallenges.Issueslikethepotentialformisinterpretationduetothelackofnon-verbalcues,informationoverload,andthephenomenonof'phubbing'(phonesnubbing)duringface-to-faceinteractionsareincreasinglyprevalent.Additionally,concernsaboutprivacy,datasecurity,andthedigitaldivide—differencesinaccesstotechnologyandtheinternet—cannotbeoverlooked.Anotherfactorshapingcommunicationpatternsisculturaldiversity.Astheworldbecomesmoreinterconnected,peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsinteractmorefrequently.Effectivecross-culturalcommunicationrequiressensitivityandawarenessofculturaldifferencesincommunicationstyles,values,andnorms.Forexample,someculturesmayvaluedirectnessandexplicitness,whileotherspreferamoreindirectandnuancedapproach.Failingtoappreciatethesedifferencescanleadtomisunderstandings,offense,andineffectivecollaboration.Developinginterculturalcommunicationskillsisthereforeessentialinourincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Furthermore,theconceptof'communicationetiquette'or'netiquette'hasemergedinresponsetothechangingcommunicationlandscape.Asdigitalcommunicationbecomesmorecommon,thereisagrowingneedforguidelinesonappropriatebehavioronline.Thisincludesconsiderationssuchasresponsetimes,theuseofappropriatelanguageandtone,andrespectingothers'privacyandboundaries.Violatingthesenormscandamagerelationshipsandprofessionalreputations.Therapidpaceofchangeincommunicationtechnologiesalsomeansthatcommunicationetiquetteisconstantlyevolving,requiringindividualstostayinformedandadaptable.Ultimately,effectivecommunicationinthemodernworldrequiresacombinationoftraditionalcommunicationskills,suchasactivelisteningandclearspeaking,andtheabilitytonavigatethecomplexitiesofdigitalandcross-culturalinteractions.Beingmindfuloftheevolvingnatureofcommunication,developingthenecessaryskills,andadaptingtonewtechnologiesandculturalcontextsarekeytobuildingandmaintainingstrongrelationshipsandachievingsuccessinvariousdomains.Questions:16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Theimportanceofpersonalrelationshipsincommunication.B)Theevolutionofcommunicationmethodsandtheskillsneededtonavigatethem.C)Thenegativeeffectsofdigitalcommunicationonprofessionallife.D)Theroleofculturaldiversityinshapingcommunicationstyles.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisachallengeassociatedwithdigitalcommunication?A)Italwaysleadstofasterdecision-making.B)Itlackstheabilitytoreachaglobalaudience.C)Itcanleadtomisinterpretationduetotheabsenceofnon-verbalcues.D)Iteliminatestheneedforprivacyconcerns.18.Thepassagesuggeststhateffectivecross-culturalcommunicationrequires______.A)ignoringculturaldifferencesB)developinginterculturalcommunicationskillsC)speakingonlyoneuniversallanguageD)avoidingface-to-faceinteractions19.Whatdoestheterm'netiquette'referto?A)Theetiquetteofface-to-facecommunicationinprofessionalsettings.B)Theguidelinesforappropriatebehaviorindigitalcommunication.C)Therulesforeffectivelisteninginpersonalrelationships.D)Thestandardsforspeakingclearlyinpublicforums.20.Whatisakeyrequirementforeffectivecommunicationinthemodernworldaccordingtothepassage?A)Stickingrigidlytotraditionalcommunicationmethods.B)Beingadaptabletonewtechnologiesandculturalcontexts.C)Prioritizingdigitalcommunicationoverface-to-faceinteraction.D)Focusingsolelyonbuildingprofessionalrelationships.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingpassage,certainwordsareunderlined.BeloweachwordtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshouldidentifythewordorphrasethat,wheninsertedintothepassage,bestfitsthecontext.MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitsfutureimpactontheglobalworkforce.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomateroutineandrepetitivetasks,freeinghumanstofocusonmorecreative,complex,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs.Thispotentialshiftcouldleadtoincreasedproductivityandthecreationofnewjobcategoriesthatwecannotyetimagine.However,criticswarnthattheintegrationofAIcouldresultinsignificantjobdisplacement,particularlyforworkersinsectorsinvolvingdataprocessing,manufacturing,andcustomerservice.Theycontendthatthepaceoftechnologicaladoptionmayoutstripsociety'sabilitytoretrainandreskillthedisplacedworkforce,potentiallyleadingtowidespreadunemploymentandincreasedeconomicinequality.Ultimately,thesuccessoftheAIerawilllikelydependonourabilitytomanagethistechnologicaltransformationresponsibly,ensuringthatthebenefitsarewidelysharedandthattheworkforceisequippedtothrivealongsidethesepowerfulnewtools.ThesocietaladjustmentsrequiredtoharnessAI'spotentialwithoutexacerbatingexistingdisparitieswillbeprofoundandmultifaceted.21.Theword"automate"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A)replaceB)enhanceC)simplifyD)delegate22.Whatdoestheword"proponents"inthefirstparagraphreferto?A)WorkersinsectorsvulnerabletoAIB)CriticsofAI'simpactonjobsC)SupportersofAItechnologyD)Peoplewhofeartechnologicalchange23.Theword"displacement"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A)enhancementB)relocationC)automationD)reduction24.Accordingtocritics,whatmighthappenifthepaceoftechnologicaladoptionoutstripsretrainingefforts?A)Newjobcategorieswillbecreatedmorequickly.B)Productivitywillincreasesignificantly.C)Widespreadunemploymentmayoccur.D)AIwillbecomelessusefulintheworkforce.25.Theword"exacerbating"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A)mitigatingB)addressingC)intensifyingD)minimizing試卷答案PartA1.B解析思路：文章首段提出“知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)”概念，第二段闡述其優(yōu)勢(shì)（創(chuàng)新、信息民主化），第三段提出其挑戰(zhàn)（公平性、可及性）。第四段總結(jié)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在享受知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)紅利的同時(shí)要解決挑戰(zhàn)。全文圍繞知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的“好處”與“壞處”展開(kāi)論述，故B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的潛在好處和挑戰(zhàn)”最符合主旨。A選項(xiàng)片面，只提及定義；C選項(xiàng)只涉及好處；D選項(xiàng)是知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下的一個(gè)方面，非主旨。2.B解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Proponentsarguethatinanincreasinglyglobalizedandtechnologicallyadvancedworld,nationsandorganizationsthatcaneffectivelycreate,disseminate,andutilizeknowledgewillpossessacompetitiveedge.”可知，支持者認(rèn)為，在全球化和技術(shù)先進(jìn)的世界里，能夠有效創(chuàng)造、傳播和利用知識(shí)的國(guó)家和組織將擁有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。B選項(xiàng)“擁有知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”與原文“有效創(chuàng)造、傳播和利用知識(shí)”最接近。A選項(xiàng)原文未提及；C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)大的勞動(dòng)力隊(duì)伍”與知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心不符；D選項(xiàng)“投資基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”是傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的做法。3.B解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Criticsoftheknowledgeeconomy,however,raiselegitimateconcernsaboutequityandaccessibility.Thehighvalueplacedonintellectualpropertycansometimescreatebarrierstoknowledgesharing...canexacerbateexistinginequalities,bothwithinandbetweennations.”可知，批評(píng)者提出的合法擔(dān)憂主要關(guān)于“公平性和可及性”，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的高價(jià)值有時(shí)會(huì)阻礙知識(shí)共享，加劇內(nèi)外部的不平等。B選項(xiàng)“加劇知識(shí)獲取不平等”準(zhǔn)確概括了批評(píng)者的主要擔(dān)憂。A選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致整體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)下降”是過(guò)度推斷；C選項(xiàng)“使研發(fā)成本過(guò)高”是可能的問(wèn)題，但非核心擔(dān)憂；D選項(xiàng)“減少對(duì)技術(shù)工人的需求”是AI相關(guān)擔(dān)憂，與知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)本身的公平性擔(dān)憂不完全等同。4.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Breakthroughsinscienceandtechnology,facilitatedbyarobustsystemofresearchanddevelopment,canleadtothecreationofentirelynewindustriesandthedisruptionofexistingones.”可知，科學(xué)和技術(shù)上的突破會(huì)帶來(lái)全新產(chǎn)業(yè)的誕生和現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)的“顛覆”。C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)變”意為改變、重塑，與“disruption”（打破原有格局）意思相近。A選項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)”意為加強(qiáng)；B選項(xiàng)“修改”意為改動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)“穩(wěn)定”意為穩(wěn)固，均與原文意思不符。5.B解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Ultimately,thedebate...highlightsthecomplexinterplay...Whilethepotentialbenefitsareundeniable,itiscrucialtoaddresstheassociatedchallengestoensurethatthetransitionisinclusiveandequitable.Policiesthatpromoteeducation,supportresearchanddevelopment,andfacilitatethedisseminationofknowledgewhilealsosafeguardingagainstunfairpracticesandaddressingthesocialconsequencesoftechnologicaladvancementwillbeessentialforharnessingthefullpotential...forthebenefitofall.”可知，要確保轉(zhuǎn)型包容、公平，需要制定相關(guān)政策，促進(jìn)教育、支持研發(fā)、促進(jìn)知識(shí)傳播，同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)不公平現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)影響。B選項(xiàng)“確保政策解決公平性和可及性問(wèn)題”是對(duì)原文核心建議的概括。A選項(xiàng)“增加對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的關(guān)注”與原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的解決不平等問(wèn)題相悖；C選項(xiàng)“在不加監(jiān)管的情況下鼓勵(lì)快速技術(shù)變革”與原文呼吁負(fù)責(zé)任、有政策引導(dǎo)的變革不符；D選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)而非社會(huì)后果”與原文強(qiáng)調(diào)平衡發(fā)展理念相悖。6.B解析思路：文章首段指出城市化帶來(lái)的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是“pressingissues”。第二段具體闡述基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施壓力。第三段詳細(xì)論述環(huán)境問(wèn)題（污染、氣候變化、廢物管理）。第四段提出應(yīng)對(duì)策略，核心是可持續(xù)規(guī)劃和政策。全文圍繞快速城市化帶來(lái)的“環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)”及其應(yīng)對(duì)展開(kāi)，故B選項(xiàng)“快速城市化的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)”最符合主旨。A選項(xiàng)片面，只提經(jīng)濟(jì)好處；C選項(xiàng)是城市化的原因之一，非主旨；D選項(xiàng)是城市化的一個(gè)方面，非主旨。7.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Failuretoadequatelyexpandandmaintainthesefacilitiesoftenresultsinovercrowding,trafficcongestion,andinadequateaccesstobasicservicesforasignificantportionoftheurbanpopulation.”可知，未能充分?jǐn)U展和維護(hù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，往往導(dǎo)致?lián)頂D、交通堵塞以及相當(dāng)一部分城市居民基本服務(wù)獲取不足。C選項(xiàng)“擁擠和基本服務(wù)獲取不足”是對(duì)原文結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確概括。A選項(xiàng)原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展正式的住房項(xiàng)目”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“減少對(duì)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需求”與原文矛盾。8.C解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“theconcentrationofpeopleinurbanareassignificantlyimpactstheenvironment.Theexpansionofcitiesoftenleadstodeforestationandhabitatdestructionaslandisclearedforconstruction.Thehighdensityofbuildingsandactivitiesgeneratessubstantialamountsofairandnoisepollution...Citiesaremajorcontributorstogreenhousegasemissions...Managingwasteeffectivelyisanothercriticalchallenge,withimproperdisposalcontributingtopollutionandhealthrisks.”可知，城市人口集中對(duì)環(huán)境的影響包括砍伐森林、棲息地破壞、空氣污染、噪音污染、溫室氣體排放增加以及廢物管理不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的污染。C選項(xiàng)“森林砍伐和空氣污染”是原文明確提到的兩個(gè)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)與城市生活特點(diǎn)不符；D選項(xiàng)原文未提及。9.C解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Sustainableurbanplanningiscrucial,involvingthestrategicdesignofcitiestominimizeenvironmentalimpactandpromotelivability.Thisincludesinvestingingreeninfrastructurelikeparksandgreenroofs...”可知，可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃的核心是戰(zhàn)略性地設(shè)計(jì)城市，以最大限度地減少環(huán)境影響，促進(jìn)宜居性，這包括投資綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，如公園和綠色屋頂。C選項(xiàng)“投資綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”是原文明確提出的減少環(huán)境影響的方法。A選項(xiàng)原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)擴(kuò)大了范圍；D選項(xiàng)是交通策略，非核心的綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。10.B解析思路：根據(jù)第四段末句“creatingcitiesthatareresilient,equitable,andenvironmentallyfriendly.”可知，目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造“有韌性”、“公平”、“環(huán)境友好”的城市。B選項(xiàng)“適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的”與“resilient”（有韌性的）意思最接近。A選項(xiàng)“易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)“正在惡化的”；D選項(xiàng)“被壓垮的”，均與原文詞義相反。11.B解析思路：文章首段對(duì)比了過(guò)去（人與自然緊密）和現(xiàn)在（分離）的關(guān)系。第二段描述了工業(yè)化帶來(lái)的分離和環(huán)境影響。第三段討論了這種分離導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)代環(huán)境危機(jī)。第四段提出重新建立和諧關(guān)系以及相關(guān)倡議。全文圍繞“人與自然關(guān)系”隨時(shí)間推移發(fā)生的變化展開(kāi)，故B選項(xiàng)“人與自然關(guān)系的演變”最符合主旨。A選項(xiàng)片面，只提工業(yè)；C選項(xiàng)是過(guò)去某個(gè)文化群體的情況，非主題；D選項(xiàng)片面，只提資源開(kāi)采。12.C解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Industrializationmarkedaperiodofunprecedentedhumaninterventionintheenvironment...Thepursuitofeconomicgrowthandresourceexploitationledtolarge-scaledeforestation,mining,andpollution...Thiserasawagrowingseparationbetweenhumansandnature,withmanypeoplelivinginurbanenvironmentsdetachedfromnaturallandscapesandecologicalprocesses.”可知，工業(yè)化時(shí)期，人類對(duì)環(huán)境的干預(yù)空前，追求經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和資源開(kāi)發(fā)導(dǎo)致了大規(guī)?？撤ド?、采礦和污染，這使得人與自然之間的分離加劇，許多人居住在脫離自然景觀和生態(tài)過(guò)程的城市環(huán)境中。C選項(xiàng)“與自然景觀分離”準(zhǔn)確概括了工業(yè)化帶來(lái)的變化。A選項(xiàng)是過(guò)去的情況；B選項(xiàng)是工業(yè)化的一個(gè)方面，非核心變化；D選項(xiàng)是過(guò)去某個(gè)文化群體的特點(diǎn)。13.C解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“consequencesofhumanactivitiesthatdisregardecologicalbalancearebecomingincreasinglyevidentintheformofenvironmentalcrises.Climatechange,biodiversityloss,andpollutionarejustafewexamplesofthenegativeimpactsresultingfromhumanactivitiesthatdisregardecologicalbalance.”可知，人類活動(dòng)忽視生態(tài)平衡的后果日益明顯，表現(xiàn)為環(huán)境危機(jī)，如氣候變化、生物多樣性喪失和污染。C選項(xiàng)“氣候變化和生物多樣性喪失”是原文明確列舉的兩個(gè)主要后果。A選項(xiàng)與原文相反；B選項(xiàng)是工業(yè)化的好處，與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)；D選項(xiàng)是城市化的一個(gè)方面，與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)。14.C解析思路：文章第四段提到了旨在緩解環(huán)境破壞的倡議有：A)建立保護(hù)區(qū)（“theestablishmentofprotectedareas”）；B)推廣可再生能源（“thepromotionofrenewableenergy”）；D)重新造林項(xiàng)目（“reforestationprojects”）。C)鼓勵(lì)大規(guī)?？撤ド郑ā癊ncouraginglarge-scaledeforestation”）與原文提到的保護(hù)性措施完全相反，且是破壞環(huán)境的行為，因此不是原文提到的倡議。15.C解析思路：根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Shiftingsocietalvaluestoprioritizelong-termecologicalhealthoverimmediateeconomicbenefitsiscrucialforsecuringasustainablefuture.”可知，將社會(huì)價(jià)值觀轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮?yōu)先考慮長(zhǎng)期生態(tài)健康而非即時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，對(duì)于確?？沙掷m(xù)未來(lái)至關(guān)重要。C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)變社會(huì)價(jià)值觀以優(yōu)先考慮生態(tài)健康”準(zhǔn)確概括了原文的觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)與原文相反；B選項(xiàng)與原文提倡的負(fù)責(zé)任發(fā)展不符；D選項(xiàng)原文未提及。16.A解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomateroutineandrepetitivetasks...”可知，支持者認(rèn)為AI將主要“自動(dòng)化”（automate）常規(guī)和重復(fù)性任務(wù)。A選項(xiàng)“取代”意為替換，與“automate”在語(yǔ)境中的含義最接近。B選項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)”；C選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)化”；D選項(xiàng)“委托”，均與原文意思不符。17.C解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomateroutineandrepetitivetasks...”和第二段“However,criticswarnthattheintegrationofAIcouldresultinsignificantjobdisplacement...”可知，支持者認(rèn)為AI會(huì)自動(dòng)化任務(wù)，而批評(píng)者警告AI的集成可能導(dǎo)致“大量工作崗位被取代”（significantjobdisplacement）。C選項(xiàng)“取代”（reductioninjobs）與“displacement”（displacementofjobs）意思最接近。A選項(xiàng)“