一、引言動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是初中英語語法的核心內(nèi)容，貫穿于聽、說、讀、寫各項(xiàng)技能考查。掌握時(shí)態(tài)不僅能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)時(shí)間概念，更能提升語言邏輯性。初中需重點(diǎn)掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)六大時(shí)態(tài)。本文通過考點(diǎn)梳理、典型例題、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)，幫助同學(xué)們鞏固基礎(chǔ)、突破難點(diǎn)。二、分時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)梳理基本用法：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)（與頻率副詞連用，如`often,usually`）；客觀真理；按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（如時(shí)刻表）。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)（主語為三單時(shí)，動(dòng)詞加`-s/-es`，如`play→plays`）。標(biāo)志詞：`often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week`等。典型例題1.Tomoften______(play)footballafterschool.2.Theearth______(go)aroundthesun.3.We______(have)EnglishclasseveryMonday.解析1.`often`表經(jīng)常，Tom是三單，填`plays`。2.客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，填`goes`。3.`everyMonday`表每周，We是復(fù)數(shù)，填`have`。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Sheusually______(get)upat6:30.2.Theysometimes______(go)totheparkonweekends.3.Thesun______(rise)intheeast.4.He______(notlike)milk.5.______(do)youoften______(read)booksintheevening?（二）一般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)梳理基本用法：表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)（與過去時(shí)間狀語連用）；過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加`-ed`，如`play→played`；不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需記憶，如`go→went`）。標(biāo)志詞：`yesterday,lastweek/month,ago,in2020,justnow`等。典型例題1.She______(go)totheparkyesterday.2.We______(have)apartylastweekend.3.He______(see)amoviewithhisfriendsjustnow.解析1.`yesterday`表過去，`go`的過去式是`went`，填`went`。2.`lastweekend`表過去，`have`的過去式是`had`，填`had`。3.`justnow`表過去，`see`的過去式是`saw`，填`saw`。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.They______(visit)theirgrandparentslastSunday.2.I______(eat)ahamburgerforlunchyesterday.3.She______(notgo)toschoolyesterday.4.______(do)you______(play)footballlastweek?（三）一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)梳理基本用法：表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：`will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形`（`shall`用于第一人稱，`will`用于所有人稱）；`begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形`（表計(jì)劃、推測）。標(biāo)志詞：`tomorrow,nextweek,soon,inthefuture`等。典型例題1.We______(visit)theGreatWallnextmonth.2.She______(be)ateacherwhenshegrowsup.解析1.`nextmonth`表將來，用`will+動(dòng)詞原形`，填`willvisit`。2.`whenshegrowsup`表計(jì)劃，`she`是三單，填`isgoingtobe`。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.They______(go)tothezootomorrow.2.I______(buy)anewbikenextweek.3.______(be)you______(go)toplaybasketballthisafternoon?4.She______(notwatch)TVtonight.5.We______(have)ameetingsoon.（四）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)梳理結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+`be`動(dòng)詞（`am/is/are`）+動(dòng)詞`-ing`形式（如`play→playing`）。標(biāo)志詞：`now,look,listen,atthemoment`等。典型例題1.Look!Theboys______(run)ontheplayground.2.Listen!She______(sing)intheroom.3.We______(leave)forBeijingtomorrowmorning.解析1.`Look`表正在進(jìn)行，`boys`是復(fù)數(shù)，填`arerunning`。2.`Listen`表正在進(jìn)行，`she`是三單，填`issinging`。3.`tomorrowmorning`表近期即將發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，填`areleaving`。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Now,they______(eat)dinner.2.Look!Thegirl______(dance)inthepark.3.Listen!Someone______(knock)atthedoor.4.We______(prepare)fortheexamatthemoment.5.He______(notplay)footballnow.（五）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)梳理基本用法：表示過去某一時(shí)刻/時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（與`at8o'clockyesterday,while,when`連用）。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+`was/were`+動(dòng)詞`-ing`形式（`was`用于三單，`were`用于復(fù)數(shù)/第二人稱）。標(biāo)志詞：`atthatmoment,while,when`（從句用一般過去時(shí)）等。典型例題1.I______(do)myhomeworkat8o'clockyesterdayevening.2.They______(play)footballwhenitstartedtorain.3.She______(read)abookwhilehermotherwascooking.解析1.`at8o'clockyesterday`表過去某一時(shí)刻，`I`用`was`，填`wasdoing`。2.`whenitstartedtorain`表過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，`they`用`were`，填`wereplaying`。3.`whilehermotherwascooking`表過去同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，`she`用`was`，填`wasreading`。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.He______(watch)TVat7o'clockyesterdayevening.2.We______(walk)toschoolwhenwesawadog.3.She______(notwrite)aletteratthatmoment.4.______(be)you______(listen)tomusicwhenIcalledyou?5.They______(swim)inthepoolwhilewewereplayingbasketball.（六）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)梳理基本用法：表示過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響（與`already,yet,just`連用）；表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（與`for+一段時(shí)間、since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)`連用）。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+`have/has`+動(dòng)詞過去分詞（`have`用于復(fù)數(shù)/第一、二人稱，`has`用于三單）。標(biāo)志詞：`already,yet,ever,never,just,for+一段時(shí)間,since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)`等。注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞（如`buy,die,leave`）不能與`for/since`連用，需轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如`buy→havehad,die→havebeendead`）。典型例題1.I______(alreadyfinish)myhomework.2.Haveyou______(eversee)apandabefore?4.We______(live)herefortenyears.5.He______(buy)anewbikesincelastmonth.（提示：`buy`是瞬間動(dòng)詞）解析1.`already`表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，`I`用`have`，填`havealreadyfinished`。2.`ever`表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般疑問句將`have`提前，填`everseen`。4.`fortenyears`表持續(xù)，`we`用`have`，填`havelived`。5.`sincelastmonth`表持續(xù)，`buy`轉(zhuǎn)換為`havehad`，`he`用`has`，填`hashad`。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.They______(justeat)breakfast.2.Hasshe______(evervisit)Beijing?3.We______(notsee)himforalongtime.4.He______(be)ateachersince2015.5.She______(leave)homeforthreedays.（提示：`leave`是瞬間動(dòng)詞）三、綜合提升練習(xí)（混合時(shí)態(tài)）1.—What______you______(do)now?—I______(read)abook.I______(start)ityesterday.2.She______(usuallygo)toschoolbybus,butshe______(take)ataxithismorningbecauseshe______(get)uplate.3.—______you______(finish)yourhomeworkyet?—Yes,I______(finish)itanhourago.4.Look!Thechildren______(play)footballontheplayground.They______(play)fortwohours.5.WhenI______(arrive)atthestationyesterday,thetrain______(alreadyleave).6.We______(go)tothebeachnextweekendiftheweather______(be)good.7.He______(notwatch)TVnow.He______(study)forhisexam.8.She______(live)inShanghaisinceshe______(be)achild.9.—What______you______(do)lastnight?—I______(watch)amoviewithmyfriends.10.They______(begoingto)visittheirgrandparentsnextSunday.四、答案與解析（一）專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.gets2.go3.rises4.doesn'tlike5.Do;read2.一般過去時(shí)1.visited2.ate3.didn'tgo4.Did;play5.came3.一般將來時(shí)1.willgo/aregoingtogo2.willbuy/amgoingtobuy3.Are;going4.won'twatch/isnotgoingtowatch5.willhave/aregoingtohave4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.areeating2.isdancing3.isknocking4.arepreparing5.isn'tplaying5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.waswatching2.werewalking3.wasn'twriting4.Were;listening5.wereswimming6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.havejusteaten2.evervisited3.haven'tseen4.hasbeen5.hasbeenawayfrom（二）綜合提升練習(xí)答案與解析1.are;doing;amreading;started（`now`表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；`yesterday`表一般過去時(shí)）2.usuallygoes;took;got（`usually`表一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；`thismorning`表一般過去時(shí)）3.Have;finished;finished（`yet`表現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；`anhourago`表一般過去時(shí)