2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：語言文化對比考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空要求：本部分共10題，每題有5個單詞選項，請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇最合適的單詞填入空格中，使文章意思通順。注意，每個選項只使用一次。1.Thestudyofhowdifferentculturesuselanguagetoexpresstheiruniqueperspectivesontheworldisknownas______.A.LinguisticrelativismB.SociolinguisticsC.CulturalsemioticsD.PragmaticsE.Phonology2.Inmanyindigenouscommunities,theelderlyareconsideredthe______oftraditionalknowledgeandlanguagetransmission.A.GuardiansB.InterpretersC.InnovatorsD.CriticsE.Revivalists3.Theconceptof"linguisticrelativity"suggeststhatthelanguagewespeakcan______ourperceptionofreality.A.ShapeB.LimitC.IgnoreD.EnhanceE.Negate4.Whenalanguageisspokenbyaminoritygroup,itoftenfacesthethreatof______duetopressurefromdominantlanguages.A.AssimilationB.DiversificationC.StandardizationD.GlobalizationE.Preservation5.Theprocessbywhichalanguagechangesovertimeduetocontactwithotherlanguagesiscalled______.A.LinguisticdriftB.LanguageshiftC.Code-switchingD.DialectformationE.Languagedeath6.Insomemultilingualsocieties,theuseofmultiplelanguagesinthesameconversationisreferredtoas______.A.BilingualismB.TrilingualismC.Code-switchingD.PolyglotismE.Languageinterference7.Thestudyofhowlanguageusevariesacrossdifferentsocialgroupsisknownas______.A.PsycholinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.HistoricallinguisticsD.ComputationallinguisticsE.Neurolinguistics8.Theideathatlanguageisasocialconstructandnotaninnatebiologicalabilityisassociatedwith______.A.Sapir-WhorfhypothesisB.BehavioristtheoryC.Chomsky'suniversalgrammarD.LinguisticrelativityE.Socialconstructivism9.Inthecontextoflanguageendangerment,______referstothesituationwherealanguageisspokenbyonlyafewelderlyspeakers.A.LanguagedeathB.LanguageshiftC.EndangeredlanguageD.LanguagerevivalE.Languageextinction10.Theuseoflanguagetoconveyculturalvalues,beliefs,andnormsisanexampleof______.A.LinguisticrelativismB.CulturalsemioticsC.PragmaticsD.EthnolinguisticsE.Sociolinguistics二、閱讀理解要求：本部分共15題，每題后面有4個選項，請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇最合適的答案。1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainpurposeofstudyinglanguageandculture?A.Tounderstandthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguages.B.Topromotemultilingualisminglobalcommunities.C.Toexaminehowlanguageinfluencesculturalidentity.D.Todevelopeffectivelanguageteachingmethods.2.Thepassagementionsthatlinguisticrelativitysuggestslanguagecan______ourperceptionofreality.A.LimitB.EnhanceC.IgnoreD.Shape3.Whatistheprimaryconcernregardinglanguageendangerment?A.Thelossoflinguisticdiversity.B.Thespreadofdominantlanguages.C.Thecomplexityoflanguagestructures.D.Thedifficultyoflanguagelearning.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatroledotheelderlyplayinindigenouscommunities?A.Theyaretheprimarysourceofeconomicsupport.B.Theyaretheguardiansoftraditionalknowledgeandlanguage.C.Theyarethemaininnovatorsinculturalpractices.D.Theyarethecriticsoflinguisticchanges.5.Whatdoestheterm"code-switching"referto?A.Theprocessoflearninganewlanguage.B.Theuseofmultiplelanguagesinthesameconversation.C.Thestandardizationoflanguageuse.D.Theextinctionofaminoritylanguage.6.Thepassagediscussestheconceptof"linguisticdrift,"whichrefersto:A.Thepreservationofendangeredlanguages.B.Therapidspreadofadominantlanguage.C.Thenaturalevolutionofalanguageovertime.D.Theforcedassimilationofminoritylanguages.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesignificanceofbilingualisminmultilingualsocieties?A.Itleadstolanguageextinction.B.Itpromotesculturaldiversity.C.Ithinderssocialintegration.D.Itreduceslanguageacquisition.8.Thepassagementionsthatsociolinguisticsstudieshowlanguageusevariesacrossdifferentsocialgroups.Whatistheprimaryfocusofsociolinguistics?A.Thehistoricalevolutionoflanguages.B.Thesocialfactorsinfluencinglanguageuse.C.Thepsychologicalprocessesoflanguageacquisition.D.Thecomputationalanalysisoflanguagestructures.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainargumentofsocialconstructivismregardinglanguage?A.Languageisaninnatebiologicalability.B.Languageisasocialconstruct.C.Languagedevelopmentissolelyinfluencedbyenvironmentalfactors.D.Languageacquisitionisprimarilyacognitiveprocess.10.Thepassagediscussestheimportanceoflanguagerevivalefforts.Whatisakeygoaloftheseefforts?A.Topromotetheuseofdominantlanguages.B.Topreservelinguisticdiversity.C.Tostandardizelanguageuse.D.Toeliminateminoritylanguages.11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisacommoncharacteristicofendangeredlanguages?A.Theyarespokenbyalargenumberofyoungspeakers.B.Theyareprimarilyusedinformalsettings.C.Theyarespokenbyonlyafewelderlyspeakers.D.Theyarerapidlyevolvingduetolinguisticdrift.12.Thepassagementionsthatthestudyofhowlanguageusevariesacrossdifferentsocialgroupsisknownassociolinguistics.Whatisakeyfocusofsociolinguisticresearch?A.Thepsychologicalprocessesoflanguageacquisition.B.Thesocialfactorsinfluencinglanguageuse.C.Thehistoricalevolutionoflanguages.D.Thecomputationalanalysisoflanguagestructures.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainpurposeofstudyingculturalsemiotics?A.Tounderstandthehistoricaldevelopmentofcultures.B.Toexaminehowlanguageconveysculturalvalues.C.Topromoteculturaldiversityinglobalcommunities.D.Todevelopeffectiveculturaleducationmethods.14.Thepassagediscussestheconceptof"languageendangerment."Whatisaprimaryconcernregardinglanguageendangerment?A.Thelossoflinguisticdiversity.B.Thespreadofdominantlanguages.C.Thecomplexityoflanguagestructures.D.Thedifficultyoflanguagelearning.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatroledolanguageandcultureplayinshapingindividualidentity?A.Theyprovideaframeworkforunderstandingtheworld.B.Theylimitpersonalexpression.C.Theyhindersocialintegration.D.Theypromoteuniformityinglobalcommunities.三、句子匹配要求：本部分共10題，每題包含一個句子和四個選項，請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，將句子與最匹配的選項進行匹配，每個選項只使用一次。1.Sentence:Thestudyofhowlanguageusevariesacrossdifferentsocialgroupsisknownas______.A.LinguisticdriftB.SociolinguisticsC.Code-switchingD.Bilingualism2.Sentence:Theprocessbywhichalanguagechangesovertimeduetocontactwithotherlanguagesiscalled______.A.LanguageshiftB.LinguisticdriftC.DialectformationD.Code-switching3.Sentence:Whenalanguageisspokenbyaminoritygroup,itoftenfacesthethreatof______duetopressurefromdominantlanguages.A.AssimilationB.LanguagedeathC.DiversificationD.Standardization4.Sentence:Theconceptof"linguisticrelativity"suggeststhatthelanguagewespeakcan______ourperceptionofreality.A.ShapeB.EnhanceC.IgnoreD.Negate5.Sentence:Insomemultilingualsocieties,theuseofmultiplelanguagesinthesameconversationisreferredtoas______.A.PolyglotismB.Code-switchingC.TrilingualismD.Bilingualism6.Sentence:Theideathatlanguageisasocialconstructandnotaninnatebiologicalabilityisassociatedwith______.A.SocialconstructivismB.Chomsky'suniversalgrammarC.Sapir-WhorfhypothesisD.Linguisticrelativity7.Sentence:Theuseoflanguagetoconveyculturalvalues,beliefs,andnormsisanexampleof______.A.CulturalsemioticsB.PragmaticsC.EthnolinguisticsD.Sociolinguistics8.Sentence:Inthecontextoflanguageendangerment,______referstothesituationwherealanguageisspokenbyonlyafewelderlyspeakers.A.LanguageextinctionB.EndangeredlanguageC.LanguagedeathD.Languageshift9.Sentence:Theprocessbywhichalanguageislearnedasasecondlanguageisknownas______.A.LanguageacquisitionB.LanguagelearningC.BilingualismD.Trilingualism10.Sentence:Thestudyofhowdifferentculturesuselanguagetoexpresstheiruniqueperspectivesontheworldisknownas______.A.EthnolinguisticsB.CulturalsemioticsC.LinguisticrelativismD.Sociolinguistics四、段落填空要求：本部分共5題，每題有一個段落和若干空格，請根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇最合適的單詞填入空格中，使段落意思通順。注意，每個選項只使用一次。1.Languageandculturearedeeplyintertwined,influencingeachotherinnumerousways.Languageisnotjustatoolforcommunicationbutalsoacarrierofculturalvaluesandnorms.Forinstance,thewayweexpresspoliteness,gratitude,orrespectcanvarysignificantlyacrossdifferentcultures.Thishighlightstheimportanceofunderstandingculturalsemiotics,whichexamineshowlanguageconveysculturalmeanings.Inmanyindigenouscommunities,theelderlyareconsideredthe______oftraditionalknowledgeandlanguagetransmission.Theirroleiscrucialinpreservingtheculturalheritageembeddedintheirlanguage.Withouttheirefforts,muchofthisculturalwealthcouldbelost.Therefore,languageandcultureareinseparable,andstudyingthemtogetherprovidesaricherunderstandingofhumansocieties.A.GuardiansB.InterpretersC.InnovatorsD.CriticsE.Revivalists2.Thestudyofhowlanguageusevariesacrossdifferentsocialgroupsisknownassociolinguistics.Thisfieldexploreshowsocialfactorssuchasage,gender,education,andethnicityinfluencelanguageuse.Forexample,differentdialectsoraccentscanbeseenasvariationsofthesamelanguage,shapedbysocialinteractions.Code-switching,thepracticeofalternatingbetweentwoormorelanguagesinthesameconversation,isalsoafascinatingaspectofsociolinguistics.Itreflectsthemultilingualnatureofmanysocietiesandthewaypeoplenavigatedifferentsocialcontexts.Understandingtheselinguisticvariationsisessentialforpromotingeffectivecommunicationandsocialintegrationindiversecommunities.A.LinguisticdriftB.SociolinguisticsC.Code-switchingD.BilingualismE.Polyglotism3.Languageendangermentisasignificantconcernintoday'sglobalizedworld.Whenalanguageisspokenbyaminoritygroup,itoftenfacesthethreatofassimilationduetopressurefromdominantlanguages.Thiscanleadtolanguageshift,wheretheminoritylanguageisgraduallyreplacedbyamoredominantone.Languagedeath,theultimateconsequenceoflanguageendangerment,occurswhenalanguageisnolongerspokenbyanylivingspeakers.Thelossofalanguageisnotjustalinguisticissue;itrepresentsthelossofculturalheritage,uniqueperspectives,andhistoricalknowledge.Effortstorevitalizeendangeredlanguagesarecrucialinpreservinglinguisticdiversityandculturalidentity.A.AssimilationB.LanguagedeathC.DiversificationD.StandardizationE.Languageshift4.Theconceptoflinguisticrelativity,alsoknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,suggeststhatthelanguagewespeakcanshapeourperceptionofreality.Thisideapositsthatlanguageisnotjustareflectionofthoughtbutalsoanactiveforceinshapingit.Forexample,languagesthathavedifferentwordsforcolorsmayinfluencehowtheirspeakersperceiveandcategorizecolors.Similarly,languageswithdifferentgrammaticalstructuresmayinfluencehowtheirspeakersthinkabouttime,space,andotherabstractconcepts.Thishighlightstheintricaterelationshipbetweenlanguageandcognition,andunderscorestheimportanceoflinguisticrelativityinunderstandinghowlanguageinfluencesourworldview.A.ShapeB.EnhanceC.IgnoreD.NegateE.Linguisticdrift5.Inmultilingualsocieties,theuseofmultiplelanguagesinthesameconversationisreferredtoascode-switching.Thispracticeiscommonincommunitieswheremultiplelanguagesarespokenandreflectsthelinguisticflexibilityofindividuals.Code-switchingcanservevariousfunctions,suchassignalingsocialidentity,expressingemotionalnuances,oraccessingspecificlinguisticfeatures.Italsohighlightsthedynamicandadaptivenatureoflanguageuseindiversesocialcontexts.Understandingcode-switchingisessentialforappreciatingthecomplexityoflanguageinmultilingualenvironmentsandfordevelopingeffectivecommunicationstrategies.A.PolyglotismB.Code-switchingC.TrilingualismD.BilingualismE.Sociolinguistics本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空答案及解析1.CCulturalsemiotics解析：題干問的是研究不同文化如何用語言表達其獨特視角的學科是什么。culturalsemiotics（文化符號學）正是研究語言如何承載和傳遞文化價值、信仰和規(guī)范的學科，與題干描述最為吻合。linguisticrelativism（語言相對論）側(cè)重語言與思維的關系；sociolinguistics（社會語言學）關注語言變異和社會因素；pragmatics（語用學）研究語言在具體語境中的使用；phonology（音系學）是研究語音的學科。2.AGuardians解析：題干描述的是在原住民社區(qū)中，老年人扮演的角色。guardians（守護者）最符合這種描述，老年人通常負責傳授傳統(tǒng)知識和語言。interpreters（翻譯者）側(cè)重語言轉(zhuǎn)換功能；innovators（創(chuàng)新者）與老年人傳承傳統(tǒng)角色不符；critics（批評者）和revivalists（復興者）與題干描述的守護角色不匹配。3.DShape解析：題干描述的是語言相對論如何影響我們對現(xiàn)實的認知。shape（塑造）最符合語言相對論的核心觀點，即語言會影響思維和認知方式。enhance（增強）沒有體現(xiàn)語言的影響力；ignore（忽略）、negate（否定）與語言相對論觀點相反；limit（限制）只是語言影響的一種可能表現(xiàn)，不如shape準確。4.AAssimilation解析：題干描述的是少數(shù)語言群體面臨的主要威脅。assimilation（同化）指文化或語言被主流文化或語言吸收取代的過程，最符合題干描述的語言威脅。languagedeath（語言消亡）是更極端的結(jié)果；diversification（多樣化）與題干威脅方向相反；standardization（標準化）和globalization（全球化）不是直接的語言威脅。5.BSociolinguistics解析：題干描述的是語言隨時間變化的自然過程。sociolinguistics（社會語言學）研究語言變異，包括語言隨時間演變的現(xiàn)象，最符合題干描述。languageshift（語言轉(zhuǎn)移）是語言變化的一種具體表現(xiàn)；linguisticdrift（語言漂移）是語言變化的術語但不如sociolinguistics概括性強；code-switching（代碼轉(zhuǎn)換）是語言使用現(xiàn)象；dialectformation（方言形成）是語言變化的具體形式。6.CCode-switching解析：題干描述的是在多語言社會中同時使用多種語言的現(xiàn)象。code-switching（代碼轉(zhuǎn)換）正是這一現(xiàn)象的術語，最符合題干描述。bilingualism（雙語制）指使用兩種語言的能力；trilingualism（三語制）是更具體的雙語情況；polyglotism（多語者）指掌握多種語言的人；sociolinguistics（社會語言學）是研究語言變異的學科。7.BSociolinguistics解析：題干描述的是研究語言使用如何因社會群體差異而變化的現(xiàn)象。sociolinguistics（社會語言學）正是研究這種語言變異與社會因素關系的學科，最符合題干描述。psycholinguistics（心理語言學）關注語言心理過程；historicallinguistics（歷史語言學）研究語言演變；computationallinguistics（計算語言學）關注語言處理技術；neurolinguistics（神經(jīng)語言學）研究語言與大腦的關系。8.ESocialconstructivism解析：題干描述的是語言是社會建構(gòu)而非先天生物能力的觀點。socialconstructivism（社會建構(gòu)主義）正是主張語言是社會建構(gòu)的觀點，與題干描述一致。Sapir-Whorfhypothesis（薩丕爾-沃爾夫假說）側(cè)重語言與思維的關系；behavioristtheory（行為主義理論）認為語言是后天習得；Chomsky'suniversalgrammar（喬姆斯基普遍語法）強調(diào)先天語言能力；linguisticrelativity（語言相對論）是薩丕爾-沃爾夫假說的另一種說法。9.BEndangeredlanguage解析：題干描述的是語言瀕危時的典型特征。endangeredlanguage（瀕危語言）指面臨消亡風險的語言，最符合題干描述。languagedeath（語言消亡）是更極端的狀態(tài)；languageextinction（語言滅絕）和languageshift（語言轉(zhuǎn)移）都是語言消亡的不同階段；languagerevival（語言復興）是應對瀕危的措施。10.ALinguisticrelativism解析：題干描述的是研究不同文化如何用語言表達其獨特視角的學科。linguisticrelativism（語言相對論）正是研究語言與思維、文化關系的學科，最符合題干描述。culturalsemiotics（文化符號學）側(cè)重語言與文化符號的關系；pragmatics（語用學）研究語言在具體語境中的使用；ethnolinguistics（人類語言學）研究語言與文化的關系但不如語言相對論聚焦；sociolinguistics（社會語言學）關注語言變異與社會因素。二、閱讀理解答案及解析1.CToexaminehowlanguageinfluencesculturalidentity.解析：文章主要探討了語言與文化的關系，特別是語言如何塑造文化認同。選項C準確概括了文章主旨。選項A偏向歷史語言學；B偏向多語言政策；D偏向語言教學。2.DShape解析：文章提到語言相對論認為語言可以影響我們對現(xiàn)實的認知。shape（塑造）最符合語言相對論的核心觀點，即語言影響思維。limit（限制）、enhance（增強）和negate（否定）都不如shape準確。3.AThelossoflinguisticdiversity.解析：文章強調(diào)語言瀕危的主要問題在于語言多樣性的喪失。這是對語言瀕危最根本的擔憂。spreadofdominantlanguages（強勢語言傳播）是原因而非后果；complexity（結(jié)構(gòu)復雜性）和difficulty（學習難度）不是主要問題。4.BTheyaretheguardiansoftraditionalknowledgeandlanguage.解析：文章提到在原住民社區(qū)中，老年人是傳統(tǒng)知識和語言的守護者。guardians（守護者）最符合這種描述。interpreters（翻譯者）、innovators（創(chuàng)新者）和critics（批評者）都不符合老年人角色。5.BTheuseofmultiplelanguagesinthesameconversation.解析：文章解釋了代碼轉(zhuǎn)換的概念。選項B準確描述了代碼轉(zhuǎn)換的定義。bilingualism（雙語制）是更廣泛的概念；polyglotism（多語者）指多語言者；sociolinguistics（社會語言學）是研究語言變異的學科。6.CThenaturalevolutionofalanguageovertime.解析：文章討論了語言漂移的概念。選項C準確描述了語言漂移，即語言隨時間的自然演變。languageshift（語言轉(zhuǎn)移）是更具體的現(xiàn)象；dialectformation（方言形成）是語言漂移的結(jié)果之一。7.BItpromotesculturaldiversity.解析：文章提到雙語制在多語言社會中的意義。選項B準確描述了雙語制促進文化多樣性的作用。languageextinction（語言消亡）、socialintegration（社會融合）和languageacquisition（語言習得）都不如B準確。8.BThesocialfactorsinfluencinglanguageuse.解析：文章解釋了社會語言學研究的內(nèi)容。選項B準確描述了社會語言學關注社會因素如何影響語言使用。psycholinguistics（心理語言學）關注語言心理過程；historicallinguistics（歷史語言學）研究語言演變；computationallinguistics（計算語言學）關注語言處理技術；neurolinguistics（神經(jīng)語言學）研究語言與大腦的關系。9.BLanguageisasocialconstruct.解析：文章提到社會建構(gòu)主義認為語言是社會建構(gòu)而非先天能力。選項B準確表達了社會建構(gòu)主義的核心觀點。Sapir-Whorfhypothesis（薩丕爾-沃爾夫假說）側(cè)重語言與思維的關系；behavioristtheory（行為主義理論）認為語言是后天習得；Chomsky'suniversalgrammar（喬姆斯基普遍語法）強調(diào)先天語言能力；linguisticrelativity（語言相對論）是薩丕爾-沃爾夫假說的另一種說法。10.BTopreservelinguisticdiversity.解析：文章討論了語言復興努力的目標。選項B準確描述了語言復興的主要目標，即保護語言多樣性。promotetheuseofdominantlanguages（推廣強勢語言）與語言復興方向相反；standardization（標準化）和elimination（消除）都不符合語言復興目標。11.CTheyarespokenbyonlyafewelderlyspeakers.解析：文章描述了瀕危語言的典型特征。選項C準確描述了瀕危語言通常由少數(shù)老年人使用的情況。languageextinction（語言滅絕）是更極端的狀態(tài)；endangeredlanguage（瀕危語言）是描述而非特征；languagedeath（語言消亡）是更極端的狀態(tài)。12.BThesocialfactorsinfluencinglanguageuse.解析：文章解釋了社會語言學研究的內(nèi)容。選項B準確描述了社會語言學關注社會因素如何影響語言使用。psycholinguistics（心理語言學）關注語言心理過程；historicallinguistics（歷史語言學）研究語言演變；computationallinguistics（計算語言學）關注語言處理技術；neurolinguistics（神經(jīng)語言學）研究語言與大腦的關系。13.BToexaminehowlanguageconveysculturalvalues.解析：文章討論了文化符號學的意義。選項B準確描述了文化符號學研究語言如何傳遞文化價值、信仰和規(guī)范。culturalsemiotics（文化符號學）正是研究語言與文化符號關系的學科。14.AThelossoflinguisticdiversity.解析：文章強調(diào)語言瀕危的主要問題在于語言多樣性的喪失。這是對語言瀕危最根本的擔憂。spreadofdominantlanguages（強勢語言傳播）是原因而非后果；complexity（結(jié)構(gòu)復雜性）和difficulty（學習難度）不是主要問題。15.ATheyprovideaframeworkforunderstandingtheworld.解析：文章提到語言和文化在塑造個人身份中的作用。選項A準確描述了語言和文化為理解世界提供框架的作用。limitpersonalexpression（限制個人表達）、hindersocialintegration（阻礙社會融合）和promoteuniformity（促進統(tǒng)一）都與題干描述相反。三、句子匹配答案及解析1.BSociolinguistics解析：題干描述的是研究語言使用如何因社會群體差異而變化的現(xiàn)象。sociolinguistics（社會語言學）正是研究這種語言變異與社會因素關系的學科，最符合題干描述。linguisticdrift（語言漂移）是語言變化的現(xiàn)象；code-switching（代碼轉(zhuǎn)換）是語言使用現(xiàn)象；bilingualism（雙語制）是語言能力。2.BLinguisticdrift解析：題干描述的是語言隨時間變化的自然過程。linguisticdrift（語言漂移）是語言變化的術語，最符合題干描述。languageshift（語言轉(zhuǎn)移）是語言變化的一種具體表現(xiàn)；dialectformation（方言形成）是語言變化的具體形式。3.AAssimilation解析：題干描述的是少數(shù)語言群體面臨的主要威脅。assimilation（同化）指文化或語言被主流文化或語言吸收取代的過程，最符合題干描述的語言威脅。languagedeath（語言消亡）是更極端的結(jié)果；diversification（多樣化）與題干威脅方向相反；standardization（標準化）和globalization（全球化）不是直接的語言威脅。4.DNegate解析：題干描述的是語言相對論如何影響我們對現(xiàn)實的認知。negate（否定）與題干描述相反，語言相對論不是否定認知而是影響認知。shape（塑造）、enhance（增強）、ignore（忽略）都不如negate準確。5.BCode-switching解析：題干描述的是在多語言社會中同時使用多種語言的現(xiàn)象。code-switching（代碼轉(zhuǎn)換）正是這一現(xiàn)象的術語，最符合題干描述。bil