2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解模擬試題情景對話實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成第1至5題。Theriseofdigitalcommunicationhasdramaticallyalteredthelandscapeofpersonalinteraction,bringingbothunprecedentedconvenienceandsubtlechallengestoface-to-facecommunication.Whileplatformslikevideocallsandmessagingappskeepusconnectedacrossvastdistances,someexpertsarguethatourincreasingrelianceonthesedigitaltoolsmaybesubtlyerodingourabilitytoengagemeaningfullyinreal-worldconversations.Arecentstudyinsocialpsychologysuggeststhatthenuancesoftenlostindigitalmessages—suchastoneofvoice,facialexpressions,andbodylanguage—canleadtomisunderstandingsandaperceiveddeclineinempathy.Dr.EvelynReed,aleadingresearcherincommunicationstudies,notesthat"digitalcommunicationoftenstripsawaythenon-verbalcuesthatarecrucialfordeepunderstanding."Shepointstoaphenomenonshecalls"empathydecay,"whereindividualsbecomelessattunedtotheemotionalstatesofotherswheninteractionsaremediatedprimarilythroughscreens."Whenyoucan'tseesomeone'ssmileorhearthewarmthintheirvoice,itbecomeseasiertomisinterprettheirintentions,"Reedexplains.Thiscanbeparticularlyproblematicinprofessionalsettings,wherebuildingtrustandrapportoftenhingesonsubtleinterpersonaldynamics.However,notallagreethatdigitalcommunicationisinherentlydetrimental.Prof.MarcusThorne,aneconomistspecializingintechnology'ssocialimpact,arguesthatdigitaltoolshavedemocratizedcommunication,allowingpeopletoconnectwithdiversecommunitiesandaccessinformationthatmightotherwiseremaininaccessible."Thekeyliesinmindfulusage,"Thorneemphasizes."Whenusedintentionally,digitalplatformscanenhanceourabilitytoorganize,mobilize,andevendeepenrelationships."Hepointstoonlineforumsandsocialmediagroupswhereindividualswithsharedinterestsorexperiencesformstrong,supportivecommunities.Thechallenge,accordingtomanyresearchers,isfindingabalancebetweendigitalandin-personcommunication.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatregularparticipationinface-to-faceinteractionsisessentialformaintainingstrongsocialbondsandemotionalwell-being.Neuroscientistshavefoundthatin-personconversationsstimulatedifferentneuralpathwayscomparedtodigitalexchanges,fosteringadeepersenseofconnection.Activitieslikesharedmeals,walks,orcollaborativetasks,wheredigitalcommunicationislesspracticalordesirable,appeartobeparticularlyeffectiveinstrengtheningrelationships.Aswenavigateanincreasinglydigitalworld,theabilitytodiscernwhenface-to-faceinteractionispreferabletoascreen-basedexchangemaybecomeacrucialskill.Whiledigitaltoolsofferunparalleledflexibilityandreach,theycannotfullyreplicatetherichnessofin-personcommunication.Recognizingthislimitationandmakingconsciouschoicesabouthowandwhenwecommunicatemaybethebeststrategyforpreservingthedepthandqualityofourinterpersonalrelationshipsinthelongrun.1.Whatistheprimaryconcernraisedbyexpertsabouttheincreasinguseofdigitalcommunication?2.AccordingtoDr.EvelynReed,whatroledonon-verbalcuesplayinfosteringempathyduringinteractions?3.Prof.MarcusThorneoffersacounterargumenttotheideathatdigitalcommunicationisharmful.Whatishismainpoint?4.Thepassagesuggeststhatcertainactivitiesmaybeparticularlyeffectiveinstrengtheningrelationships.Whatkindofactivitiesarementioned,andwhy?5.Basedonthefinalparagraph,whatadvicedoestheauthorofferforindividualsseekingtomaintainmeaningfulinterpersonalrelationshipsinadigitalage?第二部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成第6至10題。Intherealmofurbanplanning,theconceptof"15-minutecities"hasgainedtractionasapotentialsolutiontotheinefficienciesofmodernmetropolises.Proponentsarguethatdesigningcitieswhereallessentialservices—healthcare,education,groceryshopping,employment,andrecreation—canbeaccessedwithina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromanyresidentialareacouldsignificantlyimproveresidents'qualityoflifeandreducerelianceonautomobiles.Thismodel,initiallyconceptualizedbyurbanistCarlosCastellsandlaterpopularizedbyarchitectslikeKenichiFujisawa,emphasizeswalkability,density,andlocaleconomicvitality.Thebenefitsof15-minutecitiesaremultifaceted.Environmentally,reducedcardependencywouldlowergreenhousegasemissions,decreaseairpollution,andalleviatetrafficcongestion.Health-wise,encouragingphysicalactivitythroughwalkingandcyclingcouldcombatrisingobesityratesandimproveoverallwell-being.Socially,theincreasedinteractioninneighborhoodspacesmightfosterastrongersenseofcommunityandsocialcohesion.Economically,localbusinesseswouldlikelythrive,creatingjobsandpreservingcommunitycharacterthatchainstoresmightoverlook.Critics,however,raiseseveralconcernsaboutthefeasibilityandpotentialdrawbacksofimplementingsuchamodelonalargescale.Onemajorobjectionisthecostofurbanredesign.Rewiringinfrastructure,buildingnewhousingclosertoamenities,andrenovatingexistingbuildingstomeethigherdensityrequirementswouldrequiresubstantialpublicandprivateinvestment.Questionsalsoariseaboutequity:couldsuchamodelprimarilybenefitaffluentneighborhoodswithsufficientlandfordensification,potentiallyexacerbatingspatialinequality?Furthermore,someexpertswarnthatoverlydense,car-freezonesmightnotsuitallresidents,particularlythosewithmobilityissuesorspecificemploymentneedsthatrequirelong-distancetravel.Despitethesechallenges,pilotprojectsincitieslikeParis,Amsterdam,andcuriously,theoil-richcityofCuritibainBrazil,areexploringelementsofthe15-minutecityconcept.Forinstance,Parishasimplementedpoliciesencouragingdensedevelopmentneartransporthubsandpreservinglocalcommerce.Amsterdamfocusesoncreating"superblocks"wherestreetsarenarrowedtoprioritizepedestriansandcyclists.Curitiba'suniqueapproachinvolvesusingitsoilwealthtoinvestinextensivepublictransportandvibrantneighborhoodcenters.Theseexperimentssuggestthatwhileafullyrealized15-minutecitymightbeidealistic,adoptingitsprinciples—suchasprioritizingpublictransport,mixed-usedevelopment,andpedestrian-friendlyspaces—canyieldsignificantbenefits.Ultimately,thesuccessofthe15-minutecitymodelmaydependlessonrigidadherencetothe15-minuteruleandmoreonthecreationofholistic,human-centricurbanenvironments.Whetherthroughcompletecityredesignorincrementalimprovements,thecoreprincipleremainsrelevant:citiesshouldbedesignedtoservetheirinhabitants'needsefficientlyandsustainably,encouraginghealthylifestylesandstrongcommunitytieswithoutsacrificingindividualmobilityoreconomicdiversity.6.Whatisthecentralideaofthe15-minutecityconceptasdescribedinthepassage?7.Accordingtoproponents,whataresomeofthekeyenvironmentalandhealthbenefitsassociatedwiththisurbanmodel?8.Whatarethemaincriticismsraisedbycriticsregardingtheimplementationof15-minutecities?9.Thepassagementionsseveralexamplesofcitiesexperimentingwiththe15-minutecityconcept.WhatspecificapproachesarebeingtakeninParisandAmsterdam?10.Whatistheauthor'sfinalassessmentofthe15-minutecitymodelanditspotentialforthefutureofurbanplanning?第三部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成第11至15題。Theglobalfashionindustrystandsasamajorcontributortoenvironmentaldegradation,resourcedepletion,andsocialissueswithinthesupplychain.Eachyear,enormousquantitiesoftextilesareproduced,consumed,anddiscarded,creatingasignificantenvironmentalfootprint.Theindustry'srelianceonwater-intensivematerialslikecotton,theuseofchemicaldyesthatpollutewaterways,andthegenerationofvastamountsoftextilewastearewell-documentedproblems.Fastfashion,characterizedbyrapidproductioncyclesandlowprices,exacerbatestheseissuesbyencouragingexcessiveconsumptionandacultureofdisposability.Amidgrowingawarenessoftheseimpacts,theconceptofcircularfashionhasemergedasapromisingalternative.Circularfashionfocusesondesigningproductsforlongevity,reuse,andeventualrecycling,aimingtominimizewasteandcreateclosed-loopsystems.Thisapproachinvolvesstrategiessuchascreatingdurablegarments,encouragingrepairandmaintenancethroughaccessibleservices,designingfordisassemblytofacilitaterecycling,andpromotingrental,subscription,orresalemodels.Theultimategoalistodecouplefashionconsumptionfromfiniteresourcesandreduceitsecologicalfootprint.Implementingcircularfashionprinciplespresentsseveralchallenges,however.Designinggarmentsforlongevityrequirescarefulmaterialselectionandconstructiontechniques,whichcanincreaseproductioncosts.Creatingarobustinfrastructureforrepairandresaleiscomplexandrequiressignificantinvestmentandmarketeducation.Furthermore,consumersareoftenaccustomedtothelowpricesandconstantvarietyoffastfashion,makingthecaseforhigher-priced,longer-lastingitemsahardsell.Additionally,thefashionsupplychainisglobalandfragmented,makingitdifficulttoimplementstandardizedcircularpracticesacrossallstages,fromrawmaterialextractiontoend-of-lifemanagement.Despitethesehurdles,thetransitiontowardscircularityisgainingmomentum,drivenbyconsumerdemand,regulatorypressures,andtherealizationthatsustainabilityisincreasinglyintegraltobusinessviability.Manybrandsarebeginningtoexplorecircularbusinessmodels,investingininnovativematerialslikerecycledpolyesterandbiodegradabletextiles.Collaborativeinitiativesarealsoemerging,bringingtogetherdesigners,manufacturers,recyclers,andconsumerstodevelopmoresustainablesystems.Technologicaladvancements,suchasappsthathelptrackclothingusageandfacilitateresale,areaidingintheshift.Whilethejourneytowardsafullycircularfashionindustryislongandcomplex,themovementrepresentsacriticalshiftinperspective,movingawayfromalinear"take-make-dispose"modeltowardsonethatvaluesresourcesandaimsforsustainability.Thesuccessofcircularfashionultimatelyhingesonacollectiveeffortinvolvingbrands,consumers,andpolicymakers.Itrequiresaculturalshifttowardsvaluingqualityoverquantity,embracingthedurabilityofclothing,andsupportingsystemsthatallowproductstobereusedandrecycledeffectively.Asthefashionindustrycontinuestoevolve,adoptingcircularprinciplesmaynotonlymitigateitsenvironmentalimpactbutalsoredefinewhatconstitutesamodern,responsibleapproachtostyleandconsumption.11.Whatmajorenvironmentalandsocialproblemsareassociatedwiththeconventionalglobalfashionindustry?12.Whatistheprimaryobjectiveofthecircularfashionconceptasdescribedinthepassage?13.Whataresomeofthekeychallengesthatbrandsandindustriesfaceintransitioningtocircularfashionmodels?14.Thepassagementionsseveralexamplesofeffortswithinthefashionindustrytomovetowardscircularity.Whattypesofinitiativesarebeingexploredbybrandsandthroughtechnologicalmeans?15.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillbecrucialforthesuccessfulrealizationofacircularfashioneconomy?第四部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成第16至20題.Theconceptof"darkmatter"representsoneofthemostprofoundmysteriesinmodernastrophysics,accountingforastaggeringapproximately85%oftheuniverse'stotalmass-energycontent.Despiteitsinferredexistencethroughitsgravitationaleffectsonvisiblematterandthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation,darkmatterhasneverbeendirectlydetected.Itdoesnotemit,absorb,orreflectlight,makingitfundamentallyinvisibleandextremelydifficulttostudy.Itspropertiesremainlargelyunknown,thoughtheoreticalmodelssuggestitiscomposedofweaklyinteractingmassiveparticles(WIMPs)orcouldevenbemodularparticlesyettobediscovered.Theevidencefordarkmatter'sexistenceprimarilystemsfromobservationsofgalaxiesandgalaxyclusters.Astronomershavelongnotedthattherotationalspeedsofgalaxies,particularlyintheirouterregions,exceedwhatcanbeaccountedforbythevisiblematter(stars,gas,anddust)alone.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe"galacticrotationcurveproblem,"suggeststhepresenceofanadditional,unseenmassprovidingthenecessarygravitationalbinding.Similarly,themotionofgalaxyclustersindicatestheyareheldtogetherfarmorestronglythantheyshouldbebasedontheirvisiblecomponents,implyingtheinfluenceofasubstantialdarkmatterhalo.TheBulletClusterexperimentprovidesanothercompellingpieceofevidence.Observationsofthispairofcollidinggalaxyclustersshowthatmostofthehot,normalmatter(visibleasX-rayemissions)hasbeendisplacedandpushedaheadbythecollision,whilethedarkmatter,inferredfromgravitationallensingeffectsaroundtheclusters,appearstohavepassedthroughmoreorlessundisturbed.Thisseparationstronglysuggeststhatdarkmatterinteractsveryweaklywithordinarymatter,primarilythroughgravity.Whilethesearchfordarkmatterparticlescontinuesthroughexperimentslikedirectdetectionprojects(whichattempttocaptureWIMPsastheypassthroughsensitivedetectorsonEarth)andindirectdetectionefforts(suchassearchingforgamma-rayorneutrinosignalsproducedbydarkmatterannihilationordecay),theseendeavorshaveyettoyielddefinitiveproof.Theoreticalphysicsisalsoactivelyexploringalternativepossibilities,suchasmodifyingEinstein'stheoryofgravitytoexplaintheobservedphenomenawithoutinvokingdarkmatter.However,thelackofdirectevidencemeansthatdarkmatterremainsahypothesis,albeitaheavilysupportedone,guidingmuchofcontemporarycosmologicalresearch.Understandingdarkmatteriscrucialnotonlyforexplainingtheobservedstructureandevolutionoftheuniversebutalsoforadvancingourfundamentalunderstandingofphysics.Ifdarkmatterparticlesareeventuallydetectedandtheirpropertiesaredetermined,itcouldleadtoarevolutionaryrevisionofparticlephysicsandourcomprehensionofthefundamentalforcesgoverningthecosmos.Untilthen,darkmattercontinuestostandasatestamenttothevastunknownsthatremainwithinourownuniverse,drivingastronomersandphysiciststoexploreeverdeeperintothecosmos.16.Whatisthefundamentalcharacteristicofdarkmatterthatmakesitsodifficulttodetect?17.Howdoobservationsofgalacticrotationcurvesprovideevidencefortheexistenceofdarkmatter?18.ThepassagedescribestheBulletClusterexperiment.Whatkeyobservationfromthisexperimentsupportstheexistenceofdarkmatteranddistinguishesitfromvisiblematter?19.Whatarethetwomaincategoriesofexperimentalapproachesmentionedforsearchingfordarkmatterparticles?20.Accordingtotheauthor,whyisunderstandingdarkmattersignificantforthefieldsofastrophysicsandphysics?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解1.Theincreasingrelianceondigitaltoolsmaybesubtlyerodingourabilitytoengagemeaningfullyinreal-worldconversations,leadingtomisunderstandingsandaperceiveddeclineinempathy.(解析：文章首段指出數(shù)字交流帶來的便利，但專家擔(dān)憂的是其對面對面交流能力的負(fù)面影響，如誤解和同理心下降。)2.Non-verbalcuesplayacrucialroleinfosteringempathybyprovidingessentialinformationaboutaperson'semotionalstatethatisoftenlostindigitalmessages.(解析：根據(jù)Dr.Reed的觀點(diǎn)，非語言線索對于深層次理解至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)閿?shù)字信息常常缺少這些線索，導(dǎo)致同理心減弱。)3.Prof.Thornearguesthatdigitalcommunicationhasdemocratizedconnectionandcanenhancerelationshipswhenusedintentionally,counteringthenotionthatitisinherentlyharmful.(解析：Thorne的觀點(diǎn)是，數(shù)字工具帶來了民主化的交流，只要使用得當(dāng)，就能增強(qiáng)關(guān)系，這反駁了其有害的觀點(diǎn)。)4.Activitieslikesharedmeals,walks,orcollaborativetasks,wheredigitalcommunicationislesspracticalordesirable,arementionedasbeingparticularlyeffectiveinstrengtheningrelationshipsbecausetheyfacilitatedirect,in-personinteractionandsharedexperiences.(解析：文章第四段明確提到這些活動(dòng)能有效加強(qiáng)關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗鼈兇龠M(jìn)了直接的面對面交流和共享體驗(yàn)，而數(shù)字交流在這些情況下不太實(shí)際或受歡迎。)5.Individualsseekingtomaintainmeaningfulinterpersonalrelationshipsshouldconsciouslychoosehowandwhentocommunicate,recognizingthelimitationsofdigitaltoolsandprioritizingface-to-faceinteractionwhenpossibletopreservedepthandquality.(解析：根據(jù)最后一段，作者建議個(gè)體要有意識地選擇溝通方式和時(shí)機(jī)，認(rèn)識到數(shù)字工具的局限性，并在可能時(shí)優(yōu)先進(jìn)行面對面交流，以保持關(guān)系的深度和質(zhì)量。)第二部分閱讀理解6.Thecentralideaofthe15-minutecityconceptistodesignurbanareassothatallessentialservicesareaccessiblewithina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromanyresidentialarea,improvingqualityoflifeandreducingcardependency.(解析：文章首段定義了15分鐘城市的核心概念，即讓所有基本服務(wù)在15分鐘步行或騎行范圍內(nèi)可達(dá)，從而提升生活質(zhì)量和減少汽車依賴。)7.Proponentsassociatethemodelwithbenefitssuchasreducedgreenhousegasemissions,decreasedairpollution,alleviatedtrafficcongestion,increasedphysicalactivitycombatingobesity,andenhancedcommunityinteractionfosteringsocialcohesion.(解析：第二段詳細(xì)列舉了支持者認(rèn)為的環(huán)境、健康和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的好處。)8.Criticsraiseconcernsaboutthehighcostofurbanredesign,potentialexacerbationofspatialinequalityifimplementedunevenly,andsuitabilityissuesforallresidents,particularlythoseneedinglong-distancetravelforemploymentormobilityreasons.(解析：第三段總結(jié)了批評者提出的主要擔(dān)憂，包括成本、公平性和適用性問題。)9.InParis,policiesencouragedensedevelopmentneartransporthubsandpreservinglocalcommerce;inAmsterdam,"superblocks"arecreatedtonarrowstreetsandprioritizepedestriansandcyclists.(解析：文章第四段明確提到了巴黎鼓勵(lì)在交通樞紐附近進(jìn)行高密度開發(fā)并保護(hù)本地商業(yè)，阿姆斯特丹創(chuàng)建“超級街區(qū)”來縮減街道并優(yōu)先考慮行人和騎行者。)10.Theauthor'sfinalassessmentisthatwhileastrict15-minutecitymightbeidealistic,adoptingitscoreprinciples—suchasprioritizingpublictransport,mixed-usedevelopment,andpedestrian-friendlyspaces—createsholistic,human-centricurbanenvironmentsandisrelevantforsustainableplanning.(解析：最后一段指出，雖然嚴(yán)格的15分鐘城市可能理想化，但其核心原則（如優(yōu)先公共交通、混合用途開發(fā)和行人友好空間）對于創(chuàng)造以人為本的城市環(huán)境并促進(jìn)可持續(xù)規(guī)劃是相關(guān)且重要的。)第三部分閱讀理解11.Theconventionalfashionindustryisassociatedwithmajorproblemsincludingenvironmentaldegradation(wateruse,chemicalpollution,waste),resourcedepletion,andsocialissueswithintheglobalsupplychain.(解析：第一段開篇就列舉了傳統(tǒng)時(shí)尚業(yè)造成的主要問題，包括環(huán)境破壞、資源耗竭和供應(yīng)鏈中的社會問題。)12.Theprimaryobjectiveofcircularfashionistominimizewasteandcreateclosed-loopsystemsbydesigningproductsforlongevity,reuse,andeventualrecycling,aimingtoreducetheindustry'secologicalfootprint.(解析：第二段定義了循環(huán)時(shí)尚的主要目標(biāo)，即通過設(shè)計(jì)耐用品、可重復(fù)使用和最終可回收的產(chǎn)品來最小化浪費(fèi)，創(chuàng)建閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)，減少生態(tài)足跡。)13.Challengesincludeincreasedproductioncostsduetodurabledesign,thecomplexityandinvestmentneededforrobustrepair/resaleinfrastructure,consumerresistancetohigherpricesforlonger-lastingitems,andthedifficultyofstandardizingpracticesacrossaglobal,fragmentedsupplychain.(解析：第三段詳細(xì)列出了過渡到循環(huán)時(shí)尚的主要挑戰(zhàn)，涉及成本、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費(fèi)者接受度和供應(yīng)鏈管理等方面。)14.Brandsareexploringcircularbusinessmodels(rental,subscription,resale),usinginnovativematerials(recycledpolyester,biodegradabletextiles),andinitiativeslikecollaborativeprojectsandleveragingtechnology(appsfortracking/resale)tomovetowardscircularity.(解析：第四段提到了品牌正在探索的