2025年考研英語（一）長篇閱讀專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：詞匯突破與理解提升考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分長篇閱讀閱讀下面的文章，完成第1至5題。Therapidproliferationofartificialintelligence(AI)technologieshasprecipitatedprofoundtransformationsacrossnumeroussectors,arguablythemostsignificantsocietalshiftindecades.Whilethepotentialbenefits,suchasenhancedproductivityandnovelsolutionstocomplexproblems,arewidelyacknowledged,concernsregardingitsethicalimplications,economicdisruptions,andsocietalimpactsaremounting.Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresamultifacetedapproach,onethatbalancesinnovationwithcautionandemphasizesresponsibledevelopmentanddeployment.OneoftheprimaryethicalchallengesposedbyAIstemsfromissuesofbiasandfairness.Machinelearningalgorithmsaretrainedonvastdatasets,whichoftenreflectexistingsocietalprejudicesandinequalities.Consequently,thesealgorithmscanperpetuateandevenamplifybiasespresentinthedata,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.Forinstance,anAIsystemdesignedtoscreenjobapplicationsmightinadvertentlyfavorcandidatesfromcertaindemographicgroupswhiledisqualifyingqualifiedindividualsfromunderrepresentedbackgrounds.Addressingthisnecessitatesnotonlythedevelopmentofmoresophisticatedalgorithmsbutalsoacriticalexaminationofthedatausedfortrainingandthesocietalstructuresthatproducesuchbiases.TheeconomicramificationsofAIareequallysignificant,promisingbothopportunitiesandthreats.Ontheonehand,AIcanautomatemundaneanddangeroustasks,freeinghumanworkerstofocusonmorecreativeandintellectuallystimulatingendeavors.Thiscouldpotentiallyleadtohigheroverallproductivityandeconomicgrowth.Ontheotherhand,widespreadautomationraiseslegitimateconcernsaboutjobdisplacement.Certainprofessions,particularlythoseinvolvingroutinemanualorcognitivetasks,arehighlysusceptibletoautomation.WhilenewjobswillundoubtedlyemergeintheAIsectoritself,thetransitioncouldbedisruptiveformanyworkers,necessitatingsubstantialinvestmentineducationandretrainingprogramstofacilitateasmoothworkforcerealignment.Beyondindividualjobmarkets,AI'ssocietalimpactextendstobroaderissuesofprivacy,security,andautonomy.ThecollectionandanalysisofvastamountsofpersonaldatabyAIsystemsraiseseriousprivacyconcerns.Asthesesystemsbecomemoreintegratedintodailylife,throughapplicationslikesmarthomedevices,personalizednewsfeeds,andautonomousvehicles,thepotentialforsurveillanceanddatamisuseincreases.EnsuringthesecurityofthisdataandsafeguardingindividualprivacyrightsintheageofAIrequiresrobustregulatoryframeworksandethicalguidelines.Furthermore,theincreasingautonomyofAIsystems,particularlyincriticaldomainslikehealthcareandtransportation,necessitatescarefulconsiderationofdecision-makingprocessesandaccountabilitymechanisms.Whoisresponsiblewhenanautonomousvehiclecausesanaccident?ThesequestionshighlighttheneedforclearethicalframeworkstoguidethedevelopmentanduseofincreasinglyautonomousAIsystems.SocietaladaptationtoAIalsoinvolvesareevaluationofhumanskillsandtheroleofeducation.InanAI-augmentedworld,theabilitytoworkcollaborativelywithAI,criticallyevaluateitsoutputs,andengageincomplexproblem-solvingthatrequirescreativityandemotionalintelligencewillbeincreasinglyvaluable.Educationsystemsmustevolvetocultivatetheseskills,movingbeyondrotememorizationtowardsfosteringcriticalthinking,adaptability,anddigitalliteracy.Thisshiftrequiresaconcertedeffortfrompolicymakers,educators,andstakeholderstoredefineeducationalgoalsanddevelopcurriculathatprepareindividualsforthechallengesandopportunitiesofanAI-drivenfuture.Ultimately,thefutureshapedbyAIisnotpredetermined;itisalandscapebeingactivelyconstructedbyhumanchoicesandactions.EmbracingthepotentialofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksrequiresaconcerted,globaleffort.Thisinvolvesfosteringinterdisciplinarycollaborationamongtechnologists,ethicists,policymakers,andthepublictodevelopAIsystemsthatarenotonlytechnologicallyadvancedbutalsoethicallysound,sociallybeneficial,andalignedwithhumanvalues.Thepathforwarddemandsproactiveengagement,ethicalforesight,andacommitmenttoensuringthatthebenefitsofAIareequitablydistributed,contributingtoamoreprosperousandjustfutureforall.第1題對于文中提到的AI在招聘中可能存在的偏見問題，下列表述與作者觀點(diǎn)最為接近的是：第2題作者在討論AI對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響時(shí)，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了哪兩個(gè)方面帶來的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)？第3題根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，為了應(yīng)對AI技術(shù)發(fā)展帶來的隱私和安全挑戰(zhàn)，作者認(rèn)為需要采取哪些關(guān)鍵措施？第4題文章指出，在AI日益普及的社會中，個(gè)體需要具備哪些新的能力來適應(yīng)變化？教育體系應(yīng)該如何相應(yīng)地調(diào)整？第5題作者認(rèn)為，確保AI朝著有益于全人類的方向發(fā)展，需要哪些方面的共同努力？第二部分詞匯理解閱讀下面的文章，完成第6至10題。Theconceptof"hygge"(pronouncedhoo-guh),aDanishwordthathasrecentlygainedinternationaltraction,representsauniqueculturalapproachtocultivatingjoyandwell-beingthroughsimple,intentionalpractices.Rootedincenturies-oldtraditions,hyggeencouragesindividualstofocusoncreatingawarm,cozyatmosphere,oftencenteredaroundsharedexperiencesandtheappreciationofthepresentmoment.Itislessaboutmaterialwealthandmoreaboutthequalityofhumanconnectionandthecreationofcomforting,aestheticenvironments.Proponentsofhyggearguethatitoffersapowerfulantidotetothestressesandanxietiesofmodernlife.Inaneradominatedbydigitalconnectivityandconstantinformationoverload,hyggepromotesmindfulengagementandintentionalliving.Thismightinvolvegatheringwithlovedonesforacandlelitdinner,readingabookbythefireplace,orsimplyenjoyingacupofhotchocolatewhilewrappedinablanket.Theemphasisisonsavoringthesemoments,findingjoyinthesmallthings,andfosteringasenseofbelongingandsecurity.ThepracticeofhyggeisdeeplyintertwinedwithDanishculture,whichconsistentlyranksamongthehighestinglobalhappinessindices.Whiledirectcausallinksaredifficulttoestablish,hyggelikelycontributestothisculturalwell-beingbyfosteringsocialcohesionandprovidingemotionalsupportnetworks.Theactofcomingtogether,sharingwarmth,andengaginginsharedactivitiescreatespowerfulbondsandreinforcesasenseofcommunity,whicharefundamentalhumanneeds.Furthermore,theaestheticaspectofhygge,focusingonsimplicity,warmth,andnaturalelements,canhaveacalmingeffectonthemindandpromoterelaxation.Adaptinghyggeprinciplestoone'sownlifedoesnotrequireelaboratepreparationsorsignificantfinancialinvestment.Itisaboutembracingamindsetthatvaluescoziness,connection,andthepresent.Simpleactssuchasdeclutteringlivingspacestocreateasenseofopenness,incorporatingelementsofnaturelikeplantsorsunlight,andprioritizingtimespentwithfamilyandfriendscanallcontributetoahyggelig(hygge-like)lifestyle.Thekeyliesintheintentionalitybehindtheseactions–makingaconsciousefforttocreatemomentsofwarmthandjoy.Asglobalawarenessofhyggegrows,itsprinciplesarebeingadoptedandadaptedinvariouscontextsbeyondDenmark.Individualsandcommunitiesarefindingwaystoincorporatehyggeintotheirlives,whetherthroughorganizingcommunitygatherings,creatingcozyworkplaceenvironments,orsimplyadoptingamoremindfulapproachtodailyroutines.Thiscross-culturalappealspeakstotheuniversalhumandesireforconnection,comfort,andcontentment.Inaworldoftencharacterizedbyhustleandbustle,hyggeoffersagentleremindertoslowdown,appreciatethesimplepleasures,andnurturetherelationshipsthatmattermost.第6題下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確地解釋了作者在文中是如何使用詞"antidote"的？第7題文章提到，丹麥能夠consistentlyrankamongthehighestinglobalhappinessindices，hygge可能在其中扮演了什么角色？第8題根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，要實(shí)踐hygge并不需要什么？作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了哪些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)？第9題文章最后一段主要說明了hygge的什么特點(diǎn)？這種特點(diǎn)是如何體現(xiàn)的？第10題從文章的整體論述來看，hygge的核心理念最可能涉及哪些方面的結(jié)合？---試卷答案第一部分長篇閱讀第1題C解析思路：題干問AI在招聘中可能存在的偏見問題與作者觀點(diǎn)的接近表述。文章第一段提到AI帶來的倫理挑戰(zhàn)之一是偏見和公平性，隨后第二段詳細(xì)闡述了這一點(diǎn)，指出算法可能因訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)中的偏見導(dǎo)致歧視性結(jié)果，并舉例說明。選項(xiàng)C（AI系統(tǒng)可能因訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)反映的偏見而歧視某些群體的求職者）準(zhǔn)確概括了第二段的核心觀點(diǎn)。第2題B解析思路：題干問作者討論AI對經(jīng)濟(jì)影響時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)的兩個(gè)方面。文章第三段明確區(qū)分了兩個(gè)方面：一方面是AI自動化帶來的生產(chǎn)力提升和新工作機(jī)會（機(jī)遇）；另一方面是可能導(dǎo)致的工作位移和勞動力市場轉(zhuǎn)型挑戰(zhàn)（挑戰(zhàn)）。選項(xiàng)B（自動化帶來的生產(chǎn)力提升/新工作機(jī)會以及由此引發(fā)的工作位移/勞動力市場轉(zhuǎn)型挑戰(zhàn)）準(zhǔn)確反映了這一表述。第3題D解析思路：題干問為應(yīng)對AI的隱私和安全挑戰(zhàn)，作者認(rèn)為需要采取的關(guān)鍵措施。文章第四段指出，解決這些問題的關(guān)鍵在于兩個(gè)方面：一是開發(fā)更復(fù)雜的算法；二是審視訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)和社會結(jié)構(gòu)以消除偏見（隱含需要監(jiān)管和倫理規(guī)范）。選項(xiàng)D（開發(fā)更先進(jìn)的算法以及建立嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管框架和倫理規(guī)范）綜合了這兩點(diǎn)，是作者觀點(diǎn)的合理概括。第4題E解析思路：題干問AI普及下個(gè)體需要具備的新能力及教育體系如何調(diào)整。文章第五段明確指出，個(gè)體需要具備與AI協(xié)作、批判性評估其輸出、解決復(fù)雜問題（需創(chuàng)造力、情商）的能力。教育體系應(yīng)從死記硬背轉(zhuǎn)向培養(yǎng)批判性思維、適應(yīng)性和數(shù)字素養(yǎng)。選項(xiàng)E（個(gè)體需要具備與AI協(xié)作、批判性思維、適應(yīng)性和數(shù)字素養(yǎng)的能力，教育體系需轉(zhuǎn)向培養(yǎng)這些能力）準(zhǔn)確概括了這兩方面內(nèi)容。第5題A解析