主題群四科學(xué)與技術(shù)主題3

ScienceandScientists科學(xué)與科學(xué)家英語2026高中總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI內(nèi)容索引主題詞匯主題語篇主題寫作主題詞匯詞匯認(rèn)知項目課標(biāo)詞匯非課標(biāo)詞匯補(bǔ)充詞匯名詞(n.)infectionproofhouseholdsuspect

blamehandleinterventionlink

decreasestatisticmicroscopethinkingproteincellvirusfindingframeworksolidshadow

rainbowconcretemechanic

assistantmissileleadership

abstractconceptastronomer

faultshiftcholera

diarrhoea

dehydrationgerm

pump

epidemiologyvaccine

plasma

aerospace

aviation

jet

trace

astronomycompassbatterystuffdesire

instancechemistbiologist

originspeciesstreamradium

theorycuredeclaration

experimentlightningfiction

metalflashgravity

accountprocedure項目課標(biāo)詞匯非課標(biāo)詞匯補(bǔ)充詞匯動詞(v.)subscribe

suspect

blame

handle

linkdecrease

transform

cast

pour

defendshiftinfect

traceshoot

injure

draft

attach

conduct形容詞(adj.)severecontradictorymultiplerawpuresubstantialinitialsolidconcreteoutstandinggiftedabstractbrilliantvividfrustrated

patrioticmechanical

steadyvirtual

flexible

capablepassive

significant

accurate

minor

extraordinary

mental項目課標(biāo)詞匯非課標(biāo)詞匯補(bǔ)充詞匯介詞(prep.)besides

beyond副詞(adv.)besides

furthermoreentirely短語(phr.)onceandforallingeneralsubscribetowaterpumpthankstobreakoutunderone’sleadershiptracebacktopointoutinchargeofcomedownwithaboveallvirtualreality

wearabletechinaddition

neversaynevernaturalselection

fieldresearch詞匯拓展1.severeadj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴(yán)重的;嚴(yán)厲的→

adv.嚴(yán)重地;嚴(yán)厲地

2.frustratedadj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的→

vt.使沮喪;挫敗→

adj.令人懊惱的→

n.懊惱;沮喪

3.infectionn.

感染;傳染→

vt.使感染;傳染→

adj.帶菌的;感染病菌的

4.subscribevi.認(rèn)購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會費)→

n.

訂購;訂閱

5.suspectvt.&vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對象→

n.懷疑→

adj.可疑的

severely

frustrate

frustrating

frustration

infect

infected

subscription

suspicion

suspicious

6.pureadj.干凈的;純的;純粹的→

n.

純潔;純凈;純粹→

adj.不純的;有雜質(zhì)的

7.transformvt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)vi.

改變;轉(zhuǎn)變→

n.改觀;改革

8.initialadj.最初的;開始的;第一的→

adv.最初;起初

9.defendvt.保衛(wèi);防守;辯解→

n.防御

10.assistantn.助理;助手→

n.

幫助;援助→

vt.幫助;援助

11.leadershipn.領(lǐng)導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位;領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能→

n.領(lǐng)袖

12.giftedadj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的→

n.

天才;天賦13.faultn.弱點;過錯→

adj.有缺陷的;不完美的

purity

impure

transformation

initially

defence

assistance

assist

leader

gift

faulty

詞匯應(yīng)用用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空1.Thisillnesscauses

(嚴(yán)重的)diarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.

2.

(大體上),doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.

3.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyan

(感染)fromgermsinfoodorwater.

4.Snow

(贊成)thesecondtheory.

severe

Ingeneral

infection

subscribedto

5.Therewere

(數(shù)量多的)deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).

6.Throughthis

(干預(yù)),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

7.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrank

(純凈的)orboiledwater.

8.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial

(下降).

9.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snow

(改變)thewayscientistsstudydiseases.

multiple

intervention

pure

decrease

transformed

10.UnderQian’s

(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)),ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.

11.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchan

(杰出的)andcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.

12.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand

(有天賦的)scientistsinphysics.

13.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneof

(抽象的)thought.

leadership

outstanding

gifted

abstract

主題語篇考點淺析1.Snow

suspected

that

the

water

pump

was

to

blame.

斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)??！咎釤挕縮thbetoblame【淺析】sthbetoblame意為

“某物該受責(zé)備;某物該承擔(dān)責(zé)任”,該搭配用主動形式表示被動含義。表達(dá)

“因某事責(zé)備某人”用短語:blamesbforsth或blamesthonsb。【仿寫】(1)這次交通事故的責(zé)任在出租車司機(jī)。(2)你不該怪他打碎了花瓶。Thetaxidriverwastoblameforthetrafficaccident.Youshouldn’tblamehimforbreakingthevase.2.Perhaps

no

other

scientist

has

had

a

greater

impact

on

China’s

aerospace

science

than

Qian

Xuesen.

也許再沒有哪一位科學(xué)家比錢學(xué)森對中國航天科學(xué)的影響更大了?！咎釤挕勘容^級表示最高級的含義【淺析】英語中常用比較級表示最高級的含義,意為“沒有比……更……的了”。【仿寫】(1)你找不到一位比她更合適的保姆了。(2)世界上沒有哪一個人比你的父母更關(guān)心你了。Youcannotfindamoresuitablebabysitterthanher.Nootherpersoncaresmoreaboutyouthanyourparentsintheworld.3.Nevertheless,

Qian

did

not

let

that

discourage

him

from

taking

on

the

challenge.然而錢學(xué)森并不氣餒,

而是接受挑戰(zhàn)。【提煉】discouragesbfromdoingsth【淺析】discouragesbfromdoingsth為固定搭配,意為

“使某人沒有勇氣干某事”,結(jié)構(gòu)相同的短語還有disablesbfromdoingsth,其意為

“使某人沒有能力干某事”。它們的反義短語是:encouragesbtodosth(鼓勵某人干某事)和enablesbtodosth(使某人能夠干某事)?！痉聦憽?1)連續(xù)的失敗使他失去了繼續(xù)實驗的勇氣。(2)流暢的英語使她在求職面試中脫穎而出。Repeatedfailuresdiscouragedhimfromcarryingonwiththeexperiment.FluentEnglishenabledhertostandoutinthejobinterview.語篇再現(xiàn)Passage

1Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared1.

(disease)intheworlduntilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showed2.

itcouldbeovercome.

diseaseshow3.

general,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories4.

(explain)howcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedby5.

infectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed6.

thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.7._________________(consequent),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere8.

morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindout9.

.

IntoexplainantoConsequentlythatwhyThroughSnow’s10.

(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.

tirelessPassage

21.

Qian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,2.

(follow)bythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,China3.

(success)launcheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongⅠ,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftcanalsobetraced4.

toQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.UnderfollowedsuccessfullybackQianreadalotandwasextremely5.

(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,6.

mighthavemadehimsuch7.

outstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehim8.

(inspire)inhisscientificresearch.

On31,October2009,thewholecountry9.

(sadden)byQian’sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhim10.

differentways.

knowledgeablewhataninspirationwassaddenedin主題寫作寫作指導(dǎo)該寫作主題是寫一寫偉大科學(xué)家的必備素養(yǎng)(Writeabouttheessentialqualitiesofagreatscientist),屬于人物簡介的記敘文。這類文章一般通過具體事例展示人物的偉大品質(zhì)。寫作中,可適當(dāng)使用同位語、非謂語動詞、定語從句等為文章增彩。主題佳句1.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.然而,錢學(xué)森并不氣餒,而是接受挑戰(zhàn)。2.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftcanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.由于

“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技術(shù)也可追根溯源到錢學(xué)森的研究,因此錢學(xué)森被譽為

“中國航天之父”。3.Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.錢學(xué)森博覽群書,尤其在前沿科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域知識極其淵博。4.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而,他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家,可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。5.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.那么,是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成為一名天才呢?除了才華橫溢外,他還是一個勇敢的人,盡管有時候言行舉止比較隨意。6.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他敢說別人不敢說的話,做別人不敢做的夢。7.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.此外,他意志堅定。8.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是,霍金敢于承認(rèn)錯誤。寫作訓(xùn)練假設(shè)某英文網(wǎng)站正在征集讀者最崇拜的杰出女性,請你根據(jù)以下提示信息,介紹20世紀(jì)杰出的女性之一——海倫·凱勒(HelenKeller)。內(nèi)容要點如下:1.海倫·凱勒(1880—1968)在19個月大時,因一次疾病導(dǎo)致雙目失明、雙耳失聰,從此便生活在無光、無聲的世界里。2.7歲時,她的父母給她找了一位老師——MissSullivan。MissSullivan在教海倫的過程中遇到了許多困難。由于海倫的堅強(qiáng)意志和智慧,以及老師的技巧和耐心,她們克服了很多困難,取得成功。3.海倫完成了大學(xué)教育,取得了英