2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解沖刺試卷邏輯思維訓(xùn)練考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedwidespreadexcitementandconcernacrosstheglobe.Proponentsheralditasatransformativeforcecapableofsolvingsomeofhumanity'smostpressingchallenges,fromcuringdiseasestooptimizingresourceallocation.TheyarguethatAIwillcreatenewindustries,enhanceproductivity,andultimatelyleadtoamoreprosperousandefficientfuture.However,criticsvoicelegitimateapprehensions,emphasizingpotentialjobdisplacement,ethicaldilemmassurroundingdecision-makingalgorithms,andtheoverarchingriskoftechnologicaloverreach.ThepotentialbenefitsofAIareundeniable.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmsarealreadydemonstratingremarkableaccuracyindiagnosingdiseaseslikecancerfrommedicalimaging,oftensurpassinghumanradiologistsincertaintasks.Thiscouldleadtoearlierdetectionandmorepersonalizedtreatmentplans,significantlyimprovingpatientoutcomes.Intherealmoftransportation,autonomousvehiclespromisetoreduceaccidentscausedbyhumanerror,alleviatetrafficcongestion,andprovidemobilitysolutionsfortheelderlyanddisabled.Furthermore,AI-poweredautomationcanrevolutionizemanufacturing,logistics,andcustomerservice,leadingtounprecedentedlevelsofefficiencyandcostsavings.Despitethesepromisingapplications,thesocietalimpactofAIdemandscarefulconsideration.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernsisthepotentialforwidespreadjobdisplacement.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans,industriesrangingfrommanufacturingtocustomerservicecouldseesignificantworkforcereductions.WhilenewjobswillundoubtedlyemergeintheAIera,thetransitionmaybedisruptive,requiringsubstantialinvestmentineducationandretrainingprogramstohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket.Additionally,thedevelopmentofautonomousweaponssystemsraisesprofoundethicalquestionsaboutthefutureofwarfareandthepotentialforunintendedconsequences.Thelong-termimplicationsofAIextendbeyondeconomicandethicalconsiderations.ThereisalegitimateconcernthattheincreasingsophisticationofAIsystemscouldleadtoalossofhumancontrol.AsAIbecomescapableofmakingcomplexdecisionswithminimalhumanintervention,wemustgrapplewiththequestionofwhoisultimatelyresponsiblefortheactionsofthesesystems.Furthermore,thepotentialforAItobeusedformaliciouspurposes,suchascyberattacksorthemanipulationofpublicopinion,presentsasignificantsecurityriskthatmustbeaddressedproactively.EnsuringtheresponsibledevelopmentanddeploymentofAIwillrequireamulti-facetedapproachinvolvinggovernments,researchers,andindustrystakeholders.Questions:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthepotentialbenefitsofAIinhealthcare?3.WhatisoneofthemajorconcernsregardingtheimpactofAIontheworkforce?4.Theword"profound"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ShallowB)IntenseC)TemporaryD)Unpredictable5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessarytoensuretheresponsibledevelopmentofAI?PassageTwoSocialinequalityremainsapersistentchallengeinmanysocietiesaroundtheworld.Despiteprogressinareaslikeeducationandeconomicdevelopment,disparitiesinwealth,opportunity,andaccesstoresourcescontinuetowiden,creatingastarkdividebetweentherichandthepoor.Thisgrowingchasmhasfar-reachingconsequences,impactingeverythingfrompoliticalstabilitytopublichealth.Oneoftheprimarycausesofsocialinequalityistheunequaldistributionofeconomicresources.Thosebornintowealthandprivilegeoftenhaveaccesstobettereducation,healthcare,andnetworkingopportunities,whichfurtherentrenchtheiradvantagesandmakeitdifficultforindividualsfromlowersocioeconomicbackgroundstoescapethecycleofpoverty.Thiscreatesaself-reinforcingloopwheretherichgetricher,whilethepoorstruggletomakeprogress.Additionally,systemicbarriers,suchasdiscriminatorypracticesinhiringandlending,furtherexacerbatetheproblembylimitingopportunitiesformarginalizedgroups.Theconsequencesofsocialinequalityaredevastating.Studieshaveconsistentlyshownthatindividualslivinginpovertytendtohaveshorterlifespans,higherratesofillness,andlowereducationalattainmentcomparedtotheirwealthiercounterparts.Thisisnotmerelyamatterofindividualhardship;ithasbroadersocietalimplicationsaswell.Forexample,unequalaccesstoqualityeducationcanperpetuatecyclesofpovertyacrossgenerations,whilelimitedopportunitiesforupwardmobilitycanleadtosocialunrestandpoliticalinstability.Furthermore,theconcentrationofwealthinthehandsofafewcanunderminedemocraticinstitutionsbygivingthemdisproportionateinfluenceoverpolicydecisions.Addressingsocialinequalityrequiresamultifacetedapproachthattacklesitsrootcauses.Policiesaimedatreducingincomeinequality,suchasprogressivetaxationandsocialsafetynets,canhelptoleveltheplayingfieldandprovideasafetynetforthoseinneed.Investingineducation,particularlyinunderservedcommunities,iscrucialforbreakingthecycleofpovertyandcreatingopportunitiesforupwardmobility.Additionally,promotingdiversityandinclusionintheworkplacecanhelptoensurethatindividualsfromallbackgroundshaveafairchancetosucceed.Finally,addressingsystemicbarriersandpromotingpoliciesthatpromoteequityareessentialforcreatingamorejustandequitablesocietyforall.Questions:6.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthefactorsthatcontributetotheunequaldistributionofeconomicresources?8.Theword"entrench"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)WeakenB)StrengthenC)CreateD)Destroy9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomeoftheconsequencesofsocialinequalityonpublichealth?10.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthemeasuresthatcanbetakentoaddresssocialinequality?PassageThreeCulturaldifferencesplayasignificantroleinshapingourperceptionsoftheworldandourinteractionswithothers.Thesedifferencescanbereflectedinvariousaspectsoflife,fromcommunicationstylesandsocialnormstovaluesandbeliefs.Understandingandappreciatingthesedifferencesiscrucialforfosteringeffectivecross-culturalcommunicationandbuildingbridgesbetweendiversecommunities.Oneofthemostevidentareaswhereculturaldifferencesmanifestisincommunicationstyles.Directness,forexample,canbeinterpretedverydifferentlyacrosscultures.Insomecultures,suchastheUnitedStatesandGermany,directnessisvaluedasasignofhonestyandclarity.However,inothercultures,suchasJapanandmanyMiddleEasterncountries,indirectnessispreferredasitisconsideredmorepoliteandrespectful.Thesedifferingcommunicationstylescanleadtomisunderstandingsifnotproperlyunderstoodandnavigated.Similarly,nonverbalcommunication,suchasgestures,eyecontact,andpersonalspace,cancarryvastlydifferentmeaningsacrosscultures,furthercomplicatingcross-culturalinteractions.Socialnormsalsovarysignificantlyacrosscultures.Forexample,theconceptofpersonalspacevariesgreatlydependingonculturalbackground.Insomecultures,standingclosetosomeonewhilespeakingisconsiderednormalandfriendly,whileinothers,itmaybeseenasintrusiveanddisrespectful.Similarly,rulesregardinggift-giving,diningetiquette,andappropriateattirecandiffergreatly,leadingtopotentialmisunderstandingsifnottakenintoaccount.Thesesocialnormsareoftendeeplyingrainedandlearnedfromayoungage,makingthemdifficulttochangeoradjustto.Valuesandbeliefsalsoplayacrucialroleinshapingculturaldifferences.Forexample,individualismandcollectivismaretwocontrastingvaluesthatcansignificantlyimpacthowpeopleinteractwithoneanother.Individualisticcultures,suchastheUnitedStatesandCanada,emphasizeindividualautonomyandpersonalachievement,whilecollectivisticcultures,suchasChinaandmanyLatinAmericancountries,prioritizegroupharmonyandcollectivewell-being.Thesedifferingvaluescaninfluenceeverythingfrombusinesspracticestofamilystructuresandcanleadtomisunderstandingsifnotproperlyunderstood.Navigatingculturaldifferencesrequiresadegreeofculturalsensitivityandadaptability.Itisessentialtoapproachcross-culturalinteractionswithanopenmindandawillingnesstolearnandunderstandotherperspectives.Activelistening,avoidingstereotypes,andbeingmindfulofnonverbalcuescanallhelptobridgethegapbetweendifferentcultures.Additionally,developingculturalintelligence,whichistheabilitytounderstandandadapttodifferentculturalcontexts,canbeinvaluableinfosteringeffectivecross-culturalcommunicationandbuildingstrongrelationshipsacrossdiversecommunities.Questions:11.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,howcandifferencesincommunicationstylesleadtomisunderstandings?13.Theword"ingrained"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)TemporaryB)LearnedC)UnchangedD)Voluntary14.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomeofthechallengesofnavigatingculturaldifferences?15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisculturalintelligence?PassageFourTherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenasourceofintensedebatefordecades.Ononehand,economicgrowthisessentialforimprovinglivingstandards,creatingjobs,andfundingsocialprograms.Ontheotherhand,industrialactivitiesassociatedwitheconomicdevelopmentoftenleadtopollution,resourcedepletion,andclimatechange,posingasignificantthreattotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Findingabalancebetweenthesecompetingprioritiesisoneofthegreatestchallengesfacingpolicymakerstoday.Throughouthistory,therelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandtheenvironmenthasoftenbeencharacterizedbyatrade-off.TheIndustrialRevolution,forexample,broughtaboutunprecedentedeconomicgrowthbutalsoledtowidespreadpollutionandenvironmentaldegradation.Similarly,rapidindustrializationinmanydevelopingcountrieshasoftencomeatthecostofsignificantenvironmentaldamage.Whileeconomicgrowthisnecessaryforimprovinglivingstandards,itisclearthatpursuinggrowthattheexpenseoftheenvironmentisnotasustainablelong-termstrategy.Thegoodnewsisthatitispossibletodecoupleeconomicdevelopmentfromenvironmentaldegradation.Advancesintechnologyhavemadeitpossibletodevelopmoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendlyproductionprocesses.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,arebecomingincreasinglycost-competitivewithtraditionalfossilfuels,offeringacleanandsustainablealternative.Additionally,policiesthatpromoteresourceefficiency,suchascarbonpricingandpollutiontaxes,canincentivizebusinessestoreducetheirenvironmentalfootprint.Achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresamulti-facetedapproachthatinvolvesgovernments,businesses,andindividuals.Governmentsplayacrucialroleinsettingregulationsandstandardsthatpromoteenvironmentalprotectionandencouragesustainablepractices.Businesseshavearesponsibilitytoadoptenvironmentallyfriendlyproductionprocessesandtodevelopproductsthataredesignedtobeenergy-efficientanddurable.Individualsalsohavearoletoplaybymakingmoreenvironmentallyconsciouschoicesintheirdailylives,suchasreducingconsumption,recyclingwaste,andusingpublictransportation.Thetransitiontoamoresustainableeconomicmodelisnotwithoutitschallenges.Itrequiressignificantinvestmentinnewtechnologiesandinfrastructure,aswellasashiftinmindsetawayfromprioritizinggrowthaboveallelse.However,thelong-termbenefitsofsustainabledevelopmentareundeniable.Byprotectingtheenvironment,wecanensurethatourplanetremainshabitableforfuturegenerations,whilealsocreatingamoreequitableandjustsociety.Thechallenge,therefore,liesinrecognizingthateconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionarenotmutuallyexclusivegoals,butrathertwosidesofthesamecoin.Questions:16.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeoftheenvironmentalconsequencesoftheIndustrialRevolution?18.Theword"incentivize"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)DiscourageB)MotivateC)PunishD)Ignore19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomeofthechallengesoftransitioningtoamoresustainableeconomicmodel?20.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthebenefitsofsustainabledevelopment?試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.B解析：文章首段提出支持者和批評(píng)者對(duì)AI的不同看法，第二段闡述AI的潛在益處，第三段討論AI帶來(lái)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，第四段總結(jié)AI的長(zhǎng)期影響和挑戰(zhàn)。全文圍繞AI的利弊展開(kāi)論述，核心是探討AI發(fā)展帶來(lái)的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)，故B項(xiàng)“AI發(fā)展帶來(lái)的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)”最符合文章主旨。2.A解析：根據(jù)第二段“在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域，AI算法已經(jīng)在從醫(yī)學(xué)影像中診斷癌癥方面展現(xiàn)出驚人的準(zhǔn)確性，往往超過(guò)人類放射科醫(yī)生在某些任務(wù)上的表現(xiàn)。這可以導(dǎo)致更早的發(fā)現(xiàn)和更個(gè)性化的治療計(jì)劃，顯著改善患者結(jié)果”可知，AI在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的潛在益處包括提高診斷疾病的準(zhǔn)確性，尤其是癌癥。3.A解析：根據(jù)第三段“最重大的擔(dān)憂是可能造成大規(guī)模的失業(yè)。隨著AI系統(tǒng)越來(lái)越能夠執(zhí)行傳統(tǒng)上由人類完成的工作，從制造業(yè)到客戶服務(wù)，許多行業(yè)都可能看到顯著的工作force減少”可知，AI對(duì)工作force的主要擔(dān)憂是可能造成大規(guī)模的失業(yè)。4.B解析：根據(jù)第三段“自主武器系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)引發(fā)了關(guān)于未來(lái)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的深刻道德問(wèn)題，以及可能的不利后果”中的“profound”可知，此處指深刻的道德問(wèn)題，故B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈的”最接近詞義。5.D解析：根據(jù)第四段“確保AI的負(fù)責(zé)任發(fā)展和部署將需要政府、研究人員和行業(yè)利益相關(guān)者采取多方面的方法”可知，為了確保AI的負(fù)責(zé)任發(fā)展，需要政府、研究人員和行業(yè)利益相關(guān)者等多方面的合作。PassageTwo6.A解析：文章首段指出社會(huì)不平等是一個(gè)持續(xù)存在的挑戰(zhàn)，第二段解釋其原因，第三段討論其后果，第四段提出解決措施。全文圍繞社會(huì)不平等問(wèn)題展開(kāi)，故A項(xiàng)“社會(huì)不平等”最符合文章主旨。7.B解析：根據(jù)第二段“經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的分配不平等是導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不平等的首要原因。那些出身于財(cái)富和特權(quán)的人通常能獲得更好的教育、醫(yī)療保健和人脈機(jī)會(huì)，這進(jìn)一步鞏固了他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)，使得來(lái)自較低社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的個(gè)人難以擺脫貧困的循環(huán)”可知，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)資源分配不平等的因素包括出身、教育、醫(yī)療保健和人脈機(jī)會(huì)的差異。8.B解析：根據(jù)第二段“那些出身于財(cái)富和特權(quán)的人通常能獲得更好的教育、醫(yī)療保健和人脈機(jī)會(huì)，這進(jìn)一步鞏固了他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)，使得來(lái)自較低社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的個(gè)人難以擺脫貧困的循環(huán)”中的“entrench”可知，此處指鞏固了優(yōu)勢(shì)，故B項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)”最接近詞義。9.A解析：根據(jù)第三段“研究表明，生活在貧困中的個(gè)人往往比他們的富裕counterparts擁有更短的壽命、更高的疾病率和較低的