2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解押題密卷高頻題型匯編考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationtoconsultinghavewitnessedasurgeinnon-traditionalemploymentarrangements.Whileproponentshighlightthegigeconomy'spotentialtoofferworkersautonomyandflexibility,criticsraiseconcernsaboutjobsecurity,benefits,andthepotentialerosionoftraditionallaborstandards.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualsbyallowingthemtoworkontheirownterms,chooseprojectsthatinterestthem,andpotentiallyearnhigherincomesbasedontheirskillsandeffort.Formany,especiallyinurbanareas,gigworkprovidesavitalsourceofincome,supplementingtraditionalemploymentorservingasaprimarymeansofearningaliving.Theflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtostudents,parents,andotherswhorequirenon-traditionalworkschedules.Digitalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstovariousmarkets,enablingindividualswithoutextensiveconnectionsorcapitaltooffertheirservicestoaglobalaudience.However,criticspointtotheprecariousnatureofgigwork.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkersoftenlackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans,placingasignificantburdenonthemforself-insuranceandsaving.Theabsenceofastableincomestreamandjobsecuritycontributestofinancialanxietyandmakeslong-termfinancialplanningchallenging.Moreover,theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployeespreventsthemfrombenefitingfromlaborprotectionsandcollectivebargainingrightsthatsafeguardtraditionalworkers.Thefutureofthegigeconomylikelyinvolvesacontinuedcoexistenceoftraditionalandgig-basedworkmodels.Astechnologyevolvesandsocietalviewsonworkshift,itremainstobeseenhowregulationsandbusinesspracticeswilladapt.Balancingtheneedsofworkersforsecurityandbenefitswiththeflexibilityandinnovationfosteredbythegigeconomywillbecrucialforcreatingasustainableandfairlaborlandscapeforthefuture.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whataretwokeyadvantagesofthegigeconomyforindividuals?3.Whataretwomainconcernsraisedbycriticsaboutgigwork?4.Theword"precarious"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofthegigeconomy?PassageTwoTheconceptof"well-being"hasincreasinglymovedfromtherealmofphilosophyintothesphereofscientificresearchandpolicy-making.Historically,well-beingwasoftenviewedthroughthelensofmaterialprosperityandeconomicsuccess.However,contemporaryunderstandingrecognizesafarbroaderdefinition,encompassingmentalandemotionalhealth,socialconnections,personalgrowth,andasenseofpurpose.Thisexpansionoftheconceptreflectsagrowingawarenessthattruequalityoflifeextendsbeyondmerefinancialmetrics.Researchinpositivepsychologyhasidentifiedvariouscomponentsthatcontributetowell-being.Theseincludepositiveemotions,engagementinactivitiesthatprovideasenseofflow,relationshipswithothersthatfostersupportandbelonging,asenseofmeaningandpurposeinlife,andaccomplishmentsthatprovideasenseofcompetenceandmastery.Interventionsaimedatenhancingwell-beingoftenfocusoncultivatingtheseelements,suggestingthatwell-beingisnotmerelyastaticstatebutsomethingthatcanbeactivelynurtured.Theintegrationofwell-beingintopolicyhasgainedtractioninrecentyears,withgovernmentsandorganizationsexploringhowtomeasureandpromoteit.ThisshiftmovesbeyondfocusingsolelyoneconomicindicatorslikeGDP,suggestingthatsocietalprogressshouldbeassessedbasedontheoverallhappinessandhealthofitscitizens.Initiativesmightincludecreatingmoregreenspacesincities,promotingwork-lifebalance,orimplementingprogramsthatstrengthencommunitybonds.Whilethepursuitofwell-beingiswidelysupported,challengesremaininitspracticalimplementation.Definingandmeasuringwell-beinginaconsistentandmeaningfulwayacrossdifferentpopulationsandculturesiscomplex.Furthermore,addressingtherootcausesofwell-beingissues,suchasinequalityandlackofaccesstoresources,requiressystemicchangesthatextendfarbeyondindividualinterventions.Nevertheless,thegrowingemphasisonwell-beingmarksasignificantshiftinhowsocietyvaluesandapproachesthegoalofagoodlife.Questions:6.Whathaschangedintheunderstandingof"well-being"comparedtohistoricalviews?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatarefourkeycomponentsidentifiedbypositivepsychologythatcontributetowell-being?8.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheintegrationofwell-beingintopolicy?9.Theword"traction"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:10.Whatisamajorchallengementionedinthepassageregardingthepracticalimplementationofwell-beinginitiatives?PassageThreeTheimpactofsocialmediaonpoliticaldiscoursehasbeenprofoundandmultifaceted.Ononehand,socialmediaplatformshavedemocratizedthecreationanddisseminationofpoliticalcontent,allowingindividualsandsmallergroupstoreachvastaudienceswithrelativeease.Thishasempoweredmarginalizedvoicesandprovidedalternativesourcesofinformationbeyondtraditionalmediaoutlets.Campaignsandsocialmovementshaveutilizedtheseplatformstoorganize,mobilizesupporters,andraiseawarenessaboutpoliticalissues,oftenachievingrapidreachandimpact.Ontheotherhand,theeasewithwhichinformationcanspreadhasalsofacilitatedtherapidspreadofmisinformationanddisinformation.Falseormisleadingnarratives,oftendesignedtoevokestrongemotionalreactionsandgainengagement,canspreadfasterandreachmorepeoplethanfactualcontent.Thisposesasignificantchallengetoinformedpublicdiscourseandcaninfluencevoterbehaviorandpoliticaloutcomes.Thealgorithmicnatureofsocialmediaplatforms,whichoftenprioritizeengagementoveraccuracy,canamplifythereachofsuchcontent,creatingechochambersandreinforcingexistingbiases.Furthermore,socialmediahastransformedthewaypoliticalcampaignsoperate.Theabilitytotargetspecificdemographicswithtailoredmessagesbasedonuserdatahasbecomeacornerstoneofmodernpoliticaladvertising.Whilethiscanmakecampaignsmoreefficient,italsoraisesconcernsaboutprivacy,thepotentialformanipulation,andtheexacerbationofpoliticalpolarization.Theconstantconnectivityand24/7newscyclefosteredbysocialmediacanalsoleadtoincreasedpoliticalanxietyand"infodrowning,"whereusersareoverwhelmedbythesheervolumeofpoliticalcontent.Associalmediacontinuestoevolve,itsroleinshapingpoliticaldiscoursewilllikelyremainsignificant.Thechallengeforsocietyliesindevelopingstrategiestoleveragethepositiveaspectsoftheseplatforms—suchaspromotingcivicengagementanddiverseviewpoints—whilemitigatingtheharmscausedbymisinformationandalgorithmicbiases.Thisrequiresacombinationoftechnologicalsolutions,medialiteracyeducation,andpotentiallyregulatoryinterventionstofosterahealthierpublicsquareinthedigitalage.Questions:11.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwopositiveimpactsofsocialmediaonpoliticaldiscourse?12.Whatisamajorchallengeassociatedwiththespreadofinformationonsocialmedia?13.Howhassocialmediachangedpoliticalcampaignsaccordingtothepassage?14.Theword"exacerbated"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:15.Whatisthecentralchallengementionedinthepassageregardingthefutureofsocialmedia'sroleinpolitics?PassageFourTheconceptof"sustainabledevelopment"hasgainedglobalprominenceasaframeworkforguidingeconomic,social,andenvironmentaldecisions.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisdefinition,originatingfromthe1987BrundtlandReport,highlightstheinterconnectednessofhumanwell-being,economicprosperity,andenvironmentalhealth,advocatingforabalancedapproachthatconsiderslong-termconsequences.Keycomponentsofsustainabledevelopmentincludeeconomicdevelopment,socialinclusion,andenvironmentalprotection.Economicaspectsinvolvefosteringgrowththatisstable,equitable,andresource-efficient,movingawayfrommodelsdependentonrelentlessconsumptionandexploitationofnaturalresources.Socialdimensionsfocusonreducingpoverty,ensuringqualityeducation,promotinggenderequality,andimprovinghealthcare,aimingforamorejustandequitablesocietyforall.Environmentalconsiderationsinvolveconservingbiodiversity,mitigatingclimatechange,reducingpollution,andensuringthesustainablemanagementofecosystemslikeforests,oceans,andwaterresources.Achievingsustainabledevelopmentrequiresafundamentalshiftinhowsocietiesoperate.Thisinvolvestransitioningtowardsrenewableenergysources,developingsustainableagriculturepractices,designingcitiesthatprioritizewalkabilityandgreenspaces,andadoptingbusinessmodelsthatintegrateenvironmentalandsocialcosts.Italsonecessitateschangesinindividualconsumptionpatternsandpoliticalwillatalllevels,fromlocalcommunitiestointernationalbodies,toimplementandenforcepoliciesthatsupportsustainability.Despitethegrowingconsensusontheimportanceofsustainabledevelopment,significantchallengeshinderitsfullrealization.Issuessuchasglobalinequality,geopoliticalconflicts,lackoftechnologicalaccessinsomeregions,andresistancetochangingestablishedsystemspresentsubstantialobstacles.Moreover,theshort-termeconomicinterestsofsomepowerfulentitiesoftenclashwiththelong-termenvironmentalandsocialgoalsofsustainability.Overcomingthesehurdlesrequiresunprecedentedinternationalcooperation,innovativesolutions,andacollectivecommitmenttoprioritizingthewell-beingofbothcurrentandfuturegenerations.Questions:16.Whatisthefundamentalgoalofsustainabledevelopmentasdefinedinthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethreekeycomponentsofsustainabledevelopment?18.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisrequiredforatransitiontowardssustainablepractices?19.Theword"hurdles"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:20.Whatisamajorobstaclementionedinthepassagetoachievingsustainabledevelopment?---試卷答案1.D2.A,B3.C,D4.unstableoruncertain5.acombinationoftraditionalandgig-basedworkmodelswilllikelypersist,withadaptationsinregulationsandpractices.6.itnowencompassesmentalandemotionalhealth,socialconnections,personalgrowth,andasenseofpurpose,movingbeyondmerefinancialmetrics.7.positiveemotions,engagement,relationships,meaning/purpose,accomplishments8.ithasgainedtraction,suggestingitisbeingwidelyadoptedandexploredbygovernmentsandorganizationstomeasureandpromotewell-being,movingbeyondsolefocusoneconomicindicators.9.supportorpopularity10.definingandmeasuringwell-beingconsistentlyandmeaningfullyacrossdifferentpopulationsandcultures.11.ithasdemocratizedthecreationanddisseminationofpoliticalcontent,allowingindividualsandsmallergroupstoreachvastaudiences,andithasempoweredmarginalizedvoices.12.therapidspreadofmisinformationanddisinformation,whichcaninfluencevoterbehaviorandpoliticaloutcomes.13.ithasenabledtargetedadvertisingbasedonuserdata,makingcampaignsmoreefficientbutraisingconcernsaboutprivacyandmanipulation.14.worsenedorintensified15.developingstrategiestoleveragepositiveaspectswhilemitigatingharmscausedbymisinformationandalgorithmicbiases.16.tomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.17.economicdevelopment,socialinclusion,environmentalprotection18.afundamentalshiftinhowsocietiesoperate,includingtransitioningtowardsrenewableenergy,sustainableagriculture,walkablecities,andintegratingenvironmental/socialcostsintobusinessmodels.19.obstaclesordifficulties20.globalinequality,geopoliticalconflicts,lackoftechnologicalaccessinsomeregions,andresistancetochangingestablishedsystems.解析思路1.主旨題：通讀全文，文章分別介紹了支持和反對的觀點，最后一段總結(jié)指出未來將是兩者并存并需要平衡調(diào)整。D選項“探討了優(yōu)缺點并展望了未來平衡發(fā)展的可能性”最符合主旨。2.細(xì)節(jié)題：定位到第二段首句，明確提到了自主性和靈活性是gigeconomy的主要優(yōu)勢。A選項“自主性”對應(yīng)autonomy，B選項“靈活性”對應(yīng)flexibility。3.細(xì)節(jié)題：定位到第二段，批評者指出的兩點主要問題明確列在段中：缺乏福利保障（C選項對應(yīng)benefits）和缺乏工作穩(wěn)定性（D選項對應(yīng)jobsecurity）。4.詞匯題：根據(jù)上下文，“precarious”描述的是gigworkers缺乏保障、收入不穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。unstableoruncertain（不穩(wěn)定或不確定）與其含義最接近。5.推理題：最后一段提到“未來的工作模式很可能是傳統(tǒng)和基于零工的模式的持續(xù)共存”（acontinuedcoexistence...），并指出需要“平衡工人的需求與靈活性帶來的創(chuàng)新”（balancingtheneedsofworkers...withtheflexibilityandinnovation...）。D選項準(zhǔn)確概括了這種共存與平衡的態(tài)勢。6.細(xì)節(jié)題：對比首段和歷史觀點，第一段明確指出現(xiàn)在的理解“擴(kuò)展了”（encompassingafarbroaderdefinition），并提到“超越了”（extendsbeyondmerefinancialmetrics）。D選項“與歷史觀點相比，現(xiàn)在的理解更廣泛，包含心理健康、社會聯(lián)系等多個維度，而不僅僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)”準(zhǔn)確反映了變化。7.細(xì)節(jié)題：定位到第三段，列舉了四個心理學(xué)成分：positiveemotions（積極情緒）、engagement（投入/心流）、relationships（人際關(guān)系/歸屬感）、meaning/purpose（意義/目標(biāo)）和accomplishments（成就/能力感）。8.細(xì)節(jié)題：定位到第三段，提到well-beingintopolicy“hasgainedtraction”，意思是這種整合已經(jīng)獲得了一定的“支持、勢頭或普及度”。A選項supportorpopularity（支持或流行）是最佳解釋。9.詞匯題：根據(jù)上下文，“traction”用來描述well-beingintopolicy的進(jìn)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。A選項supportorpopularity（支持或流行）符合其在語境中的含義，指這種做法正變得越來越普遍和被接受。10.細(xì)節(jié)題：定位到第三段末句，提到的主要挑戰(zhàn)是“在不同人群和文化中一致且有意義地定義和衡量幸福感”（definingandmeasuringwell-beingconsistentlyandmeaningfull