2/33第01講閱讀理解——應(yīng)用文目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u01課標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)練（單句語(yǔ)法填空）考向01考查應(yīng)用文中的計(jì)算題考向02考查信息理解題考向03考查找共同點(diǎn)考向04考查文章出處考向05考查讀者對(duì)象考向06考查寫(xiě)作目的02核心突破練應(yīng)用文創(chuàng)新練03真題溯源練考向01考查應(yīng)用文中的計(jì)算題1.（2025·河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期全真模擬）TheLouisvilleZooOpenedin1969,theLouisvilleZooisjust15minutesfromdowntownLouisville,Kentucky.Itcurrentlyexhibitsmorethan1,100animalson130acresofnaturalsettingsrepresentingzoogeographicalareas,specifichabitattypesorspecialeducationareas.Thezooisalsooneofjustahandfulofinstitutionsintheworldtohouseasmallpopulationofblack-footedferrets,NorthAmerica’smostendangeredanimals.Herearesomeemploymentopportunitiesatthezoo:EducationInstructor—Oneyearofexperienceworkingwithchildreninformalorinformalteachingsettings.Mustbeabletohandlesmallanimalsforeducationalpurposes,havegoodcommunication/teachingskills,bewillingtobefirstaidcertifiedandworkavariedpart-timeschedule.Educationpositionspay$19perhour.ZooServiceAssistant—Oneyearofcollegewithamajorinbiologyandoneyearofworkingwithanimalsinaninstitutionalsetting.Assistareaanimalkeeperswithdutiestohelpfacilitatetheoccurrenceofregularlyscheduledanimalpresentations.ZooServiceWorker—Variousduties:cleaning,ticketscanning(檢票),welcomingguests,interactingwithguestsandansweringquestions,providingsafetyandsecurity,actingasanattendantforseasonalattractionsandassistingwithcrowdandtrafficcontrol.Mustbeaminimumof16yearsofage.Variedscheduleavailability.RidesOperator—Operatestrams(有軌電車(chē))andRopesCoursewillalsomaintaincleanlinessandinspectionsofallattractions.Candidatesmustbeaminimumof17yearsold,withtramdriverpositionsalsorequiringadriver’slicense.SplashPatkAttendant—Crowdcontrol,waterqualitytestingandpublicsafety;willalsomaintainthecleanlinessofthepark.Mustbefirstaidcertifed.Mustbeaminimumof16yearsofage.GardeningZooAssistant—Grasscuttingandgroundsmaintenance.Mustbeaminimumof18yearsofageandpossessadriver’slicense.Gardeningpositionspay$17perhour.1．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthezoo?A．Itishometoblack-footedferrets. B．Ithasbeenaroundforoveracentury.C．ItislocatedinthecenterofLouisville. D．Ithas130acresoflandtobedeveloped.2．Whatisarequirementforazooserviceassistant?A．Adriver’slicense. B．Beingatleast18yearsold.C．Firstaidcertification. D．Relatedworkingexperience.3．Howmuchwillagardeningzooassistantbepaidfortwohours?A．$17. B．$19. C．$34. D．$38.【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了動(dòng)物園一些招聘的職位以及要求。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thezooisalsooneofjustahandfulofinstitutionsintheworldtohouseasmallpopulationofblack-footedferrets,NorthAmerica’smostendangeredanimals.(該動(dòng)物園也是全球?yàn)閿?shù)不多的擁有少量黑腳雪貂（北美最瀕危的動(dòng)物）的機(jī)構(gòu)之一)”可知，動(dòng)物園是黑足雪貂的棲息地。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ZooServiceAssistant—Oneyearofcollegewithamajorinbiologyandoneyearofworkingwithanimalsinaninstitutionalsetting.(動(dòng)物園服務(wù)助理職位要求：擁有一年的大學(xué)學(xué)歷，專(zhuān)業(yè)為生物學(xué)，并且在機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)有至少一年與動(dòng)物打交道的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，動(dòng)物園服務(wù)助理的任職要求是有相關(guān)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Gardeningpositionspay$17perhour.(園藝崗位的工資是每小時(shí)17美元)”可知，一位園藝動(dòng)物園助理工作兩小時(shí)的報(bào)酬是17+17=34美元。故選C。2.（2025·安徽省合肥市廬陽(yáng)區(qū)合肥市第八中學(xué)高三三模）TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met)isthelargestmuseumintheUnitedStates!Inthisguide,we’llwalkyouthrougheverythingyouneedtoknowtovisittheMet.VisitingtheMet:WhatWe’llCoverMetcovers2.2millionsquarefeetandhousesacollectionspanning5,000yearsofhistory.It’sagoodideatobewell-preparedtovisitthisworld-classmuseumonyourtriptoNewYork.OpeningHours:OpenThursdaystoTuesdaysfrom10a.m.to5p.m..ExtendedhoursonFridaysandSaturdaysfrom10a.m.to9p.m..ClosedWednesdays.KeepinmindthattheMetisalsoclosedonJanuary1,thefirstMondayinMay,ThanksgivingDay,andDecember25.Tickets:Adults:$30Seniors:$22Students:$17Childrenunder12:FreeHowLongtoSpendattheMetThemuseumismassive.Italsohasadensecollectionofpaintingsandsculptures.Youcouldeasilyspendtheentiredayormoreinside,butthatwillreallydependonwhyyou’reheadedtoNYC．Icantellyoufromexperiencethat3hourstendstobethelimitformostpeople.Afterthat,youmaygetabittired—unlessyouhaveadeeppassionforart.Personally,Istickbythatsamerule.Yourmindcanonlyabsorbsomuchbeautyatonetime!Ifyou’reanavid(狂熱的)museum-goerandreallywanttospendlongerthanthat,thenIhighlyrecommendtakingabreakinacaféorsittinginanicespotevery75minutesorso.Ifyougointheafternoon,thenabreakmeansacocktail(雞尾酒)!1．OnwhichdaysistheMetropolitanMuseumofArtclosed?A．Mondays. B．Wednesdays. C．Fridays. D．Sundays.2．Howmuchshoulda13-year-oldstudentpaytovisittheMet?A．$30. B．$22. C．$17. D．Free.3．WhatadviceisgiventomuseumloversplanningalengthyvisittotheMet?A．Takingabreakevery75minutes.B．Visitingthemuseuminthemorning.C．Bookingamuseumguideinadvance.D．Absorbingasmuchbeautyaspossible.【答案】1．B2．C3．A【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)最大博物館——大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館(Met)的參觀指南，包括開(kāi)放時(shí)間、門(mén)票價(jià)格、建議的參觀時(shí)長(zhǎng)以及參觀時(shí)的休息建議。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OpeningHours部分“ClosedWednesdays.KeepinmindthattheMetisalsoclosedonJanuary1,thefirstMondayinMay,ThanksgivingDay,andDecember25.(周三閉館。請(qǐng)記住，大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館在1月1日、5月的第一個(gè)星期一、感恩節(jié)和12月25日也閉館。)”可知，大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館在周三閉館。故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tickets部分“Students:$17(學(xué)生：17美元)”以及“Childrenunder12:Free(12歲以下兒童：免費(fèi))”可知，13歲不屬于12歲以下免費(fèi)范疇，需按學(xué)生票價(jià)支付，即13歲的學(xué)生參觀大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館需支付17美元。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifyou’reanavid(狂熱的)museum-goerandreallywanttospendlongerthanthat,thenIhighlyrecommendtakingabreakinacaféorsittinginanicespotevery75minutesorso.(如果你是一個(gè)狂熱的博物館參觀者，并且真的想在那里待更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，那么我強(qiáng)烈建議每隔75分鐘左右在咖啡館休息一下，或者坐在一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的地方。)”可知，對(duì)于計(jì)劃長(zhǎng)時(shí)間參觀大都會(huì)藝術(shù)博物館的愛(ài)好者，建議每75分鐘休息一下。故選A項(xiàng)。3.（2025·山東省臨沭縣高三第三次高考模擬）Winteractuallyseemstobringoutthebestsightsinsomecities.Hereare3aroundtheworldthatmakeforagreatcold-weatherdestination:Nagano,JapanAsaformerWinterOlympicshostcity,Naganoisagreatbaseforexploringnearbyskiresorts(度假勝地).Thenaturalhotspringsareperfectafteradayontheslopes.Beautiful,snow-coveredBuddhisttemplesareworthcheckingout,asistheTogakushiMinzoku-kanFolkMuseum,whichhasacatchydisplayabouttheninjas(忍者)whooncetrainedthere.Wheretosleep:HotelJALCityonToigosyo-mashiisashortwalkfromboththetrainstationandoneofJapan’slargestwoodentemples.$187pernight(freeforchildrenunder8).Berlin,GermanyFromitspop-upiceskatingareastotheoutdoorconcertsandmarkets,Berlinisnoisywithactivitiesinthewinterseason.BotanischerGartenisknownforitsmagicalChristmasgarden,whichlightsupfromlateNovemberuntilJanuary.Thetwo-storyK?theWohlfahrtChristmasstoreonKurfürstendammisworthalook—it’sopenallyearandsellseverythingfromtreedecorationstocandles.Wheretosleep:HotelOttoonKnesebeckstrasseislocatedinoneofBerlin’squieterneighborhoods.$180pernight(freeforchildrenunder6).Troms?,NorwayThereareseveralreasonswhyTroms,knownasthecapitaloftheArctic,isgreatinwinter.It’swidelyregardedasNorway’smostbeautifulcityandisabaseforspottingthenorthernlights.Therearealsoseveralattractivemuseums,includingthePolarMuseum,whichoffersaninsightintothehistoryofArcticexplorations.Wheretosleep:ScandicIshavshotel.Setrightonthewater,thishotelwithastylish,modernlookoffersmemorableviews.

$111pernight(freeforchildrenunder6).1．Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeir7-year-oldchildpayforathree-dayvisittoNagano?A．$748. B．$999. C．$1683. D．$1122.2．WhenisthebesttimetovisitBotanischerGarten?A．February. B．March. C．October. D．December.3．WhatcanatouristdoinTroms?,Norway?A．Experiencethenaturalhotsprings. B．Enjoythesplendidnorthpolelights.C．Participateincolorfulopen-airconcerts. D．PurchasevariousChristmastreedecorations.【答案】1．D2．D3．B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個(gè)旅游目的地的情況。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“$187pernight(freeforchildrenunder8).(每晚187美元（8歲以下兒童免費(fèi)）)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦帶著7歲的孩子去長(zhǎng)野游玩三天，需要支付187×2×3=1122美元。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Berlin,Germany部分“BotanischerGartenisknownforitsmagicalChristmasgarden,whichlightsupfromlateNovemberuntilJanuary.(植物園以其夢(mèng)幻般的圣誕花園而聞名，該花園從11月下旬一直亮燈至次年1月)”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，參觀植物園的最佳時(shí)間是12月。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Troms?,Norway部分“It’swidelyregardedasNorway’smostbeautifulcityandisabaseforspottingthenorthernlights.(它被公認(rèn)為挪威最美麗的城市，并且是觀賞北極光的理想地點(diǎn))”可知，在挪威特羅姆瑟，游客可以享受壯觀的北極光。故選B。4.（2025·遼寧省遼西重點(diǎn)高中高三模擬預(yù)測(cè)）TheZagrebInternationalAnimationFestival2025TheFestivalTheZagrebInternationalAnimationFestival,foundedin1972,isoneoftheoldestanimationfestivalsintheworld.HeldeveryJuneinCroatia’scapital,thefestivalattractsfilmmakersandanimationloversglobally.Selectedfromthemoststunninganimatedfilmsthroughouttheworld,theproductionsshowninthefestivalof2025willbethemostmagnificentones.SpecialEventsThefestivaloffersaseriesofretrospectivesforthegeneralpublic.Youcanreviewclassicfilmsfromlegendaryanimators.TheyarescreenedintheLectureRoom.TheLionKing(1994)Monday2June,15:00Avatar(2009)Tuesday3June,13:10Frozen(2013)Thursday5June,13:10NeZha:BirthoftheDemonChild(2019)&NeZhaII(2025)Saturday7June,12:10ExhibitionTimesBesidesretrospectives,thefestivalalsopresentsexhibitionsfortheanimationfanstoexploreanimationartandhistory.Monday-Saturday10:00—17:45

Sunday12:00—17:45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17:15.

Thereisnore-admission.Closed:8June,17:45Admission€6.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.HowtobookticketsYoucanbookticketsviathefestival’swebsite(www.animafest.hr)byMay1st.Earlybookinggetsnodiscount!1．WhatistherighttimeforreviewingNeZhaseries?A．Monday2June. B．Tuesday3June.C．Thursday5June. D．Saturday7June.2．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenaged10payforadmission?A．€6. B．€12.C．€18. D．€24.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toreport. B．Toinform.C．Toanalyse. D．Torecommend.【答案】1．D2．B3．B【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2025年薩格勒布國(guó)際動(dòng)畫(huà)節(jié)的相關(guān)信息，包括節(jié)日簡(jiǎn)介、特別活動(dòng)、展覽時(shí)間、門(mén)票信息以及訂票方式等。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SpecialEvents部分表格中“NeZha:BirthoftheDemonChild(2019)&NeZhaII(2025),Saturday7June,12:10(《哪吒之魔童降世》(2019年)和《哪吒2》(2025年)，6月7日，星期六，12:10)”可知，回顧哪吒系列的正確時(shí)間是6月7日星期六。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“€6.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(門(mén)票6歐元。12歲以下兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng))”可知，一對(duì)夫婦帶著兩個(gè)10歲的孩子，兩個(gè)孩子免費(fèi)，只需購(gòu)買(mǎi)兩張成人票，即6×2=12歐元。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中標(biāo)題TheZagrebInternationalAnimationFestival2025及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了2025年薩格勒布國(guó)際動(dòng)畫(huà)節(jié)的相關(guān)信息，包括節(jié)日簡(jiǎn)介、特別活動(dòng)、展覽時(shí)間、門(mén)票信息以及訂票方式等。由此推知，本文的目的是向讀者告知這些信息。故選B。5.（2025·遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市皇姑區(qū)遼寧省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期二模）TheDavisFamilyButterflyVivariuminaMuseumInspiredbytheMuseum’sbelovedseasonalexhibit,thisgalleryoffersayear-roundexperiencefeaturing80speciesofbutterfliesamongplentifulplantsintropical(熱帶的)temperatures.ReserveMuseumTicketsSelectthenumberofticketsandthedateforMuseumentry,andyouwillbeabletoaddDavisFamilyButterflyVivariumorotherticketedexhibitionsduringcheckout.Pleasenote:theVivariumis27℃withwetenvironment.Family:$189fortwoadultsandtwochildrenatanyageAdult:$80foroneadultTeen:halfpriceofadultTheDavisFamilyButterflyVivariumTherearemanyspeciesofLepidoptera,thegroupmadeupofbutterfliesandmoths.Themothsareinsectslookinglikebutterfliesbutflyingmainlyatnight.TheyliveallovertheworldfromthetropicstotheNorthPole,toinsidethismuseum!Celebratedfortheirbeautyandelegance,theyaremorethanjustcolorfulanimals.Somecannotbeamazinglyseenbymeansofprotectivecoloring.Somearepoisonous.Someflythousandsofmilestolayeggs.WhatYou’llSeeintheDavisFamilyButterflyVivarium●Upto80speciesofbutterflies,outofmorethan130speciesfeaturedinthisgallery.●Aseparatedisplayofmoths,includingthemassiveatlasmoth—oneofthelargestinsectsontheplanet.●Apupaeincubator(蛹孵化器),wherevisitorscanviewpupaeandwitnessadultbutterfliesemerge.●Microenvironmentsmadeupofdozensofspeciesoftropicalplants,withexhibitsthathighlighttheimportantrolesbutterfliesandmothsplayinecosystemsaroundtheworld.●AnIDboard,updateddaily,featuringanillustratedcardforeachspeciesinflighttohelpyouidentifybutterfliesandmoths.1．Howmuchdoacoupleandaseven-year-oldchildhavetopayforthetickets?A．$120. B．$189. C．$269. D．$309.2．Whatdosomeinsectsdotohelpthemselvesavoidbeingdetected?A．Useprotectivecolors. B．Sendoutpoison.C．Layeggsfar. D．Flyatnight.3．WhatcanvisitorsseeattheDavisFamilyButterflyVivarium?A．Theworld’ssmallestmoth. B．PlantsfromtheNorthPoleC．80speciesofbutterfliesandmoths. D．AnIDboardforidentifyingbutterfliesandmoths.【答案】1．B2．A3．D【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了去參觀博物館的蝴蝶館的相關(guān)情況。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ReserveMuseumTickets部分中“Family:$189fortwoadultsandtwochildrenatanyage(家庭票：兩名成人和任何年齡的兩名兒童共189美元)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦和一個(gè)七歲的孩子需要支付家庭票的價(jià)格，即189美元。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheDavisFamilyButterflyVivarium部分中“Somecannotbeamazinglyseenbymeansofprotectivecoloring.(有些昆蟲(chóng)通過(guò)保護(hù)色而難以被看到。)”可知，一些昆蟲(chóng)利用保護(hù)色來(lái)避免被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatYou’llSeeintheDavisFamilyButterflyVivarium部分中“AnIDboard,updateddaily,featuringanillustratedcardforeachspeciesinflighttohelpyouidentifybutterfliesandmoths.(一塊每日更新的識(shí)別板，上面有每種飛行中的蝴蝶和飛蛾的插圖卡片，以幫助你識(shí)別它們。)”可知，游客可以在戴維斯家族蝴蝶館看到一塊用于識(shí)別蝴蝶和飛蛾的識(shí)別板。故選D?？枷?2考查信息理解題1.（2025·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第二次模擬）WorldForestryCenterDiscoveryMuseumTreeandforestloversofallagescanlearnaboutsustainabilityandexperienceaPortlandlandmarkallinonetripbyvisitingtheWorldForestryCenterDiscoveryMuseum.Thetwo-story,20,000-square-footfacilityfeaturesarangeofforest-focusedexhibits.Adultsandyoungoneswilllearnandbeentertainedbyvariousvirtualtours.TheFirstFloor:PacificNorthwestForestsThefirstflooroftheDiscoveryMuseumfocusesspecificallyonforestsofthePacificNorthwest.Bylearningaboutforestsystemsandcycles,visitorscanenhancetheirknowledgeofthearea’sforestsandtheuniqueroletheyplayintheenvironment.Plus,visitorscanlearnhowtooperateaTimberjackharvester,ordiscoveranimalsbeneaththeforestfloor.TheSecondFloor:ForestsoftheWorldHeadupstairstolearnabouttheconnectionbetweenpeopleandforestsandhowtheyinteractworldwide.“Travel”todifferentregionsthroughouttheexhibits,meetinghumanswhofacefirst-handthestruggletokeepforestsintheirregionssustainable.OutsidetheMuseumThere’smoretoexploreoutsidetheDiscoveryMuseum.Visitorscanviewa10,000-pound,5-million-year-oldpetrifiedstump(石化樹(shù)樁)ofaGiantSequoiatree.Kidsseekinghands-onfuncangetonPeggy,anancientsteamenginethatwasoriginallybuiltin1909andisnowpermanentlyparkedoutsidethemuseum.WhencanIvisit?ThemuseumisopenThursday—Sunday,11a.m.to4p.m.Isparkingavailable?TheDiscoveryMuseumislocatedinthehillsofWashingtonPark,at14033SWCanyonRd.Portland,OR97221.ParkingcanbeachallengeinthelotsatWashingtonPark,sopublictransportishighlyrecommended.FromtheWashingtonParkstop,takeafreeExploreWashingtonParkshuttletothemuseum.1．WhatdoestheDiscoveryMuseumoffer?A．Virtualexhibits. B．In-personexperiences.C．Pacificsightseeing. D．Forest-themedsculpture.2．Whatisexpectedtodooutsidethemuseum?A．Goaboardanancientvehicle.B．Climbagianttreewithalonghistory.C．AppreciateimpressivePortlandbuildings.D．Traveltodifferentregionsaroundthemuseum.3．Howarevisitorsadvisedtogettothemuseum?A．Bycar. B．Bybike. C．Onfoot. D．Bybus.【答案】1．B2．A3．D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了世界林業(yè)中心博物館，主要從博物館的樓層展覽內(nèi)容、館外探索項(xiàng)目、開(kāi)放時(shí)間及交通建議等方面進(jìn)行了介紹。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Adultsandyoungoneswilllearnandbeentertainedbyvariousvirtualtours(成人和兒童將通過(guò)各種虛擬游覽學(xué)習(xí)并獲得樂(lè)趣)”可知，博物館提供虛擬游覽體驗(yàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OutsidetheMuseum”部分最后一句“Kidsseekinghands-onfuncangetonPeggy,anancientsteamenginethatwasoriginallybuiltin1909andisnowpermanentlyparkedoutsidethemuseum(尋求動(dòng)手樂(lè)趣的孩子們可以登上佩吉號(hào)，這是一臺(tái)最初建于1909年、現(xiàn)在永久停放在博物館外的古老蒸汽機(jī))”可知，游客在館外可以登上這臺(tái)古老蒸汽機(jī)。故選A項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Isparkingavailable?”部分第二句“ParkingcanbeachallengeinthelotsatWashingtonPark,sopublictransportishighlyrecommended(在華盛頓公園的停車(chē)場(chǎng)停車(chē)可能是個(gè)難題，因此強(qiáng)烈建議乘坐公共交通工具)”以及最后一句“FromtheWashingtonParkstop,takeafreeExploreWashingtonParkshuttletothemuseum(從華盛頓公園站乘坐免費(fèi)的華盛頓公園探索班車(chē)到博物館)”可知，博物館建議使用公共交通前往。選項(xiàng)D“Bybus(乘公共汽車(chē))”屬于公共交通范疇，符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)。2.（2025·甘肅省白銀市白銀區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期模擬預(yù)測(cè)）FourImportantScientistsintheWorldEllenSwallowRichards(1842-1911)In1868,thepioneeringAmericanengineerandchemistEllenSwallowRichardsbecamethefirstwomanadmittedtotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,wheresheearnedadegreeinchemistry.AccordingtoCornellUniversity,sheisregardedasthefounderofthefieldofhomeeconomics,whichappliedscientificprinciplestodomesticlife,andsheisconsideredoneofthefirstenvironmentalengineersthankstohergroundbreakingresearchonwaterqualityandsanitation(衛(wèi)生).HermannMinkowski(1864-1909)GermanmathematicianHermannMinkowskiismostfamousfordevelopingageometricinterpretationofEinstein’stheoryofspecialrelativity.Amonghisotherinnovations,heproposedtheideaofspace-time,whichcombinesthethreephysicaldimensionsofspacewiththefourthdimensionoftimeintoaunifiedmathematicalframework.Healsomadeimportantcontributionstonumbertheoryandthegeometryofnumbers.AbdusSalam(1926-1996)AbdusSalamwasaPakistanitheoreticalphysicistwhocontributedtothescientificunderstandingoffundamentalforces.Oneofhiskeyachievementswasthetheoryoftheelectroweakforce,whichcombinedtheelectromagnetic(電磁的)forceandtheweaknuclearforce—asteptowardsaunifiedtheoryofeverything.Withhiscolleagues,Salamwasawardedthe1979NobelPrizeinphysicsforthiswork.JagadishChandraBose(1858-1937)IndianscientistJagadishChandraBoseisknownforhiscontributionstothefieldsofphysics,botanyandbiology.Heinventedaninstrumentcalledthecrescograph,whichcandetectminutechangesinplanttissuesinresponsetochangesinlight,temperatureandotherfactors.Hisexperimentsinthisfieldchallengedthecommonviewofplantsaspassivethingsandshowedtheyweresensitivetotheirenvironments.1．Whoisapioneerinpublichealth?A．JagadishChandraBose. B．EllenSwallowRichards.C．HermannMinkowski. D．AbdusSalam.2．WhatisspecialaboutAbdusSalam?A．HewontheNobelPrizeinphysicsin1979.B．Heproposedthetheoryoffour-dimensionalspace-time.C．HedevelopedageometricinterpretationofEinstein’stheory.D．Hemadeimportantcontributionstonumbertheoryandgeometry.3．Whenwasthescientistinventingthecrescographborn?A．In1842. B．In1864. C．In1858. D．In1926.【答案】1．B2．A3．C【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹四位世界重要科學(xué)家的研究領(lǐng)域、成就及貢獻(xiàn)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EllenSwallowRichards(1842-1911)部分中的“sheisconsideredoneofthefirstenvironmentalengineersthankstohergroundbreakingresearchonwaterqualityandsanitation(衛(wèi)生).(由于她在水質(zhì)和衛(wèi)生方面的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性研究，她被認(rèn)為是首批環(huán)境工程師之一。)”可知，EllenSwallowRichards在公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域有開(kāi)拓性貢獻(xiàn)，是公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)。故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AbdusSalam(1926-1996)部分中的“Withhiscolleagues,Salamwasawardedthe1979NobelPrizeinphysicsforthiswork.(薩拉姆和他的同事因這項(xiàng)工作于1979年被授予諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。)”可知，AbdusSalam的特別之處在于他獲得了1979年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。故選A項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JagadishChandraBose(1858-1937)部分中的“Heinventedaninstrumentcalledthecrescograph,whichcandetectminutechangesinplanttissuesinresponsetochangesinlight,temperatureandotherfactors.(他發(fā)明了一種叫做生長(zhǎng)記錄器的儀器，它可以檢測(cè)植物組織因光照、溫度和其他因素變化而產(chǎn)生的細(xì)微變化。)”可知，發(fā)明植物生長(zhǎng)記錄儀的科學(xué)家出生于1858年。故選C項(xiàng)。3.（2025·上海市奉賢區(qū)奉城高級(jí)中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期5月模擬）Teenslovetosocialize,andthesewebsitesgivethemachancetodothatwhileplayinggames,exploringvirtualworldsandtakingquizzes.Ofcourse,teensalsoneedtobesafeonlineandreportanycyberbullies.InstagramInstagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemwithfriends.Theysaythatapictureisworthathousandwords,andthatmustbetruebecauseInstagramhasaround300millionuserswhoareactiveeachmonth.Theplatformisallaboutphotoswithshortcaptions(說(shuō)明文字).WhenitcomestoInstagram’susers,53percentofthemareaged18-29,butabigpercentageofthosemaybeevenyoungerandsimplylisttheirageas18inordertousetheplatform.HabboHotelHabboHotelisaplaceforteenstochat.Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecorate(裝飾)withvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatar(網(wǎng)絡(luò)頭像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.Theroommighthavemusic,besetuplikeaclassroom,orhaveotherfeaturessodifferentavatarscanvisitoneanother.Eachroomteenscaninteractinhasanadultmoderator(管理員)tomakesureitstayssafe.FanlalaFanlalaisasocialnetworkthatgivesteenswholovecelebrities,musicandTVshowsaplacetointeract.Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzesandpollstotesttheirknowledge.TeenscansetuptheirownprofileonFanlalaandinteractwithotherusers.TeenChatTeenChatisaplaceforteenstointeractwithoneanotherthroughforums(論壇)accordingtotheirinterests.Forexample,therearechatroomsforthosewholoveanime(動(dòng)漫)andforthosewho’vejuststartedcollege.Therearealsochatroomsforthingslikemusic,games,andsports.Theplatformoffersa“FriendFinder”toolthatwillhelpteenssearchforpeoplewholivelocallytothem.1．WhatmakesInstagramdifferentfromothersiteslistedinthetext?A．It’sagreatplaceforpeopletosharephotos. B．Themajorityofitsusersareintheir20s.C．Ithasthelargestnumberofusers. D．Onlythoseabove18normallyuseit.2．Whichsiteallowsitsuserstocreatetheirowncharacteranddesignavirtualroomforit?A．Instagram. B．HabboHotel. C．Fanlala. D．TeenChat.3．WhatcanyouacquirefromFanlala?A．Gameskills. B．Sportsknowledge. C．Animevideos. D．Entertainmentnews.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四個(gè)青少年社交網(wǎng)站的特點(diǎn)及功能。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Instagramallowsteenstouploadphotosoftheirdailylifeandsharethemwithfriends.Theysaythatapictureisworthathousandwords,andthatmustbetruebecauseInstagramhasaround300millionuserswhoareactiveeachmonth.Theplatformisallaboutphotoswithshortcaptions(說(shuō)明文字).(Instagram允許青少年上傳他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹恼掌?，并與朋友分享。他們認(rèn)為一張照片勝過(guò)千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)，這肯定是正確的，因?yàn)镮nstagram每月活躍用戶(hù)約有3億人。該平臺(tái)的核心內(nèi)容就是配有簡(jiǎn)短說(shuō)明的文字照片)”可知，與文中的其他網(wǎng)站相比，Instagram是人們分享照片的絕佳平臺(tái)。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Eachteenreceivesapersonalroomtodecorate(裝飾)withvirtualobjects.Theycanalsodresstheiravatar(網(wǎng)絡(luò)頭像)invirtualclothesorcreategamestoplaywithfriends.(每個(gè)青少年都會(huì)獲得一間可自行裝飾的個(gè)人房間，里面可以放置虛擬物品。他們還可以為自己的虛擬形象穿上虛擬服裝，或者創(chuàng)建游戲與朋友一起玩)”可知，HabboHotel允許用戶(hù)創(chuàng)建自己的角色并為其設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)虛擬房間。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Throughit,ausercangetthelatestnewsandgossipontheirfavoriteshows,aswellastakequizzesandpollstotesttheirknowledge.(通過(guò)它，用戶(hù)可以獲取他們喜愛(ài)的節(jié)目最新的新聞和八卦信息，還能參加測(cè)驗(yàn)和投票來(lái)檢驗(yàn)自己的知識(shí)水平)”可知，從凡拉拉網(wǎng)站上你能獲取到娛樂(lè)新聞。故選D。4.（2025·湖南省岳陽(yáng)市岳陽(yáng)縣第一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第六次模擬）4CompetitionsforHighSchoolStudentsTheSaatchiGalleryArtPrizeforSchoolsAbout:Aglobalartcompetitioncelebratingemergingtalentinvisualarts.Submissionsincludedrawings,paintings,sculptures,andinstallationscreatedbyschoolstudents.Location:London,UK(openglobally).Eligibility:Studentsaged5–18attendingschool.Prizes:Cashprizesofupto￡10,000forthewinnersandtheirschools.CompetitionDates:Exhibitioninspring2025.NationalGeographicStudentPhotoContestAbout:Thiscompetitioninvitesyoungphotographerstocapturethebeautyanddiversityoftheworldaroundthem.Themesincludewildlife,landscapes,andhumanconnection.Location:Online(openglobally).Eligibility:Studentsaged13–18.Prizes:Cameras,gear,andpublicationinNationalGeographic.CompetitionDates:ResultsannouncedinJune2025.RegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)About:Knownasthe“NobelPrizeforHighSchoolStudents,”theRegeneronSTSisoneofthemostprestigiousSTEMcompetitions.Itrecognizesstudentswhoconductoriginal,independentresearchinscience,technology,engineering,ormathematics.Finalistspresenttheirprojectstoprofessionaljudgesandcompeteforscholarshipsandaccolades.Location:USA(opengloballyforU.S.citizensorresidents).Eligibility:Highschoolseniorswithindependentresearchprojects.Prizes:Topwinnerreceives$250,000;over$1.8millioninawardsforotherfinalists.CompetitionDates:June1,2025.TechnovationGirlsAbout:Thisglobalcompetitionencouragesyoungwomentodevelopmobileapplicationsthatsolvereal-worldproblems.Teamsofgirlsaged8–18receivementorshiptolearncoding,entrepreneurship,andprojectmanagementskills,fosteringinnovationandleadershipinSTEM.Location:Global(virtualandregionalevents).Eligibility:Girlsaged8–18,workinginteamswithanadultmentor.Prizes:Cashawardsandrecognition;opportunitiestopresentprojectsatinternationalforums.CompetitionDates:June2025.1．WhocanjointheSaatchiGalleryArtPrize?A．Schoolstudentsaged5–18.B．Youngartistsunder20.C．Professionalsculptors.D．Globaluniversitystudents.2．WhatisthefocusoftheNationalGeographicStudentPhotoContest?A．Wildlifeandlandscapes.B．Mobileappdevelopment.C．Scientificresearchprojects.D．Traditionalhandcraftskills.3．WhatisuniqueaboutRegeneronSTSeligibility?A．Opentoglobalparticipants.B．LimitedtoU.S.citizensorresidents.C．Requiresteamparticipation.D．Acceptsstudentsunder18.【答案】1．A2．A3．B【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四項(xiàng)全球高中生競(jìng)賽，涵蓋藝術(shù)、攝影、科學(xué)和科技領(lǐng)域，分別說(shuō)明其參賽要求、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)設(shè)置及核心主題。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheSaatchiGalleryArtPrizeforSchools部分中的“Eligibility:Studentsaged5–18attendingschool.(參賽資格：5至18歲在校學(xué)生)”可知，該比賽面向5至18歲的在校學(xué)生。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NationalGeographicStudentPhotoContest部分中的“Themesincludewildlife,landscapes,andhumanconnection.(主題包括野生動(dòng)物、風(fēng)景和人類(lèi)情感聯(lián)結(jié))”可知，該攝影比賽的重點(diǎn)是野生動(dòng)物和風(fēng)景。故選A項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)部分中的“Location:USA(opengloballyforU.S.citizensorresidents).(地點(diǎn)：美國(guó)（面向全球美國(guó)公民或居民開(kāi)放）)”以及TheSaatchiGalleryArtPrizeforSchools部分中的“Location:London,UK(openglobally).(地點(diǎn)：英國(guó)倫敦（全球開(kāi)放）)”、NationalGeographicStudentPhotoContest部分中的“Location:Online(openglobally).(線(xiàn)上（全球開(kāi)放）)”和TechnovationGirls部分中的“Location:Global(virtualandregionalevents).(全球范圍（線(xiàn)上及地區(qū)活動(dòng)）)”可知，RegeneronSTS競(jìng)賽參賽資格的獨(dú)特之處在于僅限美國(guó)公民或居民。故選B項(xiàng)。5.（2025·湖北省黃岡中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期5月三?？荚嚕〧romaJapanesebest-sellingnoveltoaliberatingreadempoweringyoutotakecon