高三英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)試題類型及其解題技巧含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(無人機)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周邊)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一種水上無人機可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，這種無人機是用來清理垃圾的，故選C。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，預(yù)計到2016年，海洋里會有1.5億噸垃圾，估計約有25萬噸垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要講述海洋垃圾的嚴(yán)重性，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配備防碰撞系統(tǒng)，無人機使用激光來探測物體，用測距技術(shù)來探測前方是否有物體，如果探測到物體，無人機就會停下來或者后退，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，這種無人機并非解決水上垃圾污染的萬全之策，需要多措并舉，才能達到目的，故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡議)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提煉)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?A.

E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.B.

Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.C.

Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.D.

NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?A.

startingperiod

B.

collectioneffort

C.

finalstage

D.

hardsearch（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?A.

Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.B.

Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.C.

Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.D.

Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Ambiguous

D.

Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了日本將回收利用廢棄的電子產(chǎn)品中的金屬，用于制作2020年奧運會獎牌。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大約18個月的時間里，由于與NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多萬部智能手機，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."銅牌所需要的數(shù)量已經(jīng)達到了，并且到了最后關(guān)頭，也就是說，收集過程可以在3月底完成。inthehomestretch固定短語，“最后關(guān)頭”，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以盡管東京奧運會的提議只是杯水車薪，這是一個很好的開始，展示了如果公眾對這個問題有了更多的認(rèn)識，他們能做些什么。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文的描述，可知作者對于東京奧運倡議是持積極的態(tài)度，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact,black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:blackboard.

Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew"greenboards"madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword"chalkboard"asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but"blackboard"stillstuckaround.（1）Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?A.

Blackboard.

B.

Chalkboard.

C.

Greenboard.

D.

Miniboard.（2）Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?A.

Tomakeacomparison.B.

Tomakeenoughspace.C.

Todrawstudents'attention.D.

Toarousestudents'interest.（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe"greenboard"?A.

They'relighterinweight.B.

They'remoreconvenienttotransport.C.

They'reeasiertoerasethepowder.D.

They'remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Introductionoftheblackboard.B.

Originoftheblackboard.C.

Coloroftheblackboard.D.

Functionoftheblackboard.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過描述黑板發(fā)展歷程向讀者介紹了黑板最早的時候確實是黑色的，隨后慢慢發(fā)展變成了綠色?；卮鹆?黑板為什么是綠色的？"這個問題。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的，"...late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood..."可知，18世紀(jì)的學(xué)生用的是“迷你板”。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“

In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.”在1800年，一名英格蘭校長JamesPillans想讓他的學(xué)生們畫地圖，但是學(xué)生們在他們的迷你板上無法畫出地圖，因此校長讓學(xué)生把他們的迷你板拼湊在一起來制造一個大的板?？芍?，校長讓學(xué)生把他們的迷你板拼湊在一起是為了創(chuàng)造一個大的空間來畫地圖。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thenewmaterialwaslighterand...morelikelytosurvivetheJourney."可知A項和B項正確；以及"Afterall,...madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase."可知C項正確；D項文章未提及。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。文章第一段前四句話點明了文章中心：我們看到的黑板大多是綠色的，為什么叫黑板？通讀全文也可知文章主要講述了黑板發(fā)展過程中顏色從黑色變成綠色的過程和原因。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Whydoestimeseemtoflybyfasteraswegetold?You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame.Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神經(jīng)元).Newresearchsuggests'rapidfire'abilitiesoftheyoungbrainallowustoprocessmoreinformationduringyouth,causingthedaystoseemlongerearlierinlife.However,aswegetold,researcherssaytheolderbraintakesmoretimetoprocessinformation.

ThenewfindingputforwardbyaDukeUniversityresearcherwaspublishedinapaperinthejournalEuropeanReviewthisweekAccordingtoAdrianBejan,theJ.AJonesProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringatDuke,thephysicalchangesofournervesandneuronsplay,amajorroleinourperception(知覺)oftimeaswegetold.Overtheyearsthesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade.

"Littlebabies,forexample,movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthanadultsbecausethey'reprocessingimagesatafasterrate,"Beiansays,Forolderpeople,thismeansfewerimagesarebeingprocessedinthesameamountoftime,causingexperiencestoseemasthoughthey'rehappeningmorequickly.（1）Whatcausestimetoflyfasteraswegetold?A.

Changesofournervesandneurons.B.

Informationinourbrain.C.

Theelectricalsignals.D.

Rapidfireabilities.（2）Whatisunavoidableintheprocessofgettingold?A.

Longerdays.

B.

Agingbrains.

C.

Moreimages.

D.

Lessexperience.（3）Whydothedaysseemlongerearlierinlife?A.

Youngpeoplearemoreenergeticintheirlife.B.

Theyoungerbraintakeslesstimetoprocessinformation.C.

Oldpeoplehavefewerthingstodothanyoungpeople.D.

Littlebabiesmovetheireyesmuchmoreoften.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

NervesandNeuronsB.

TimeFliesFastC.

TheOlder,theFasterD.

TheFunctionoftheBrain【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么老年人會覺得時間過得較快，主要原因是隨著年齡的增長，大腦中神經(jīng)元的變化讓老年人的大腦需要更多的時間來處理接收到的信息，這樣就會讓他們覺得時間過得較快。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神經(jīng)元)."可知，老年人覺得時間過得過快的原因是神經(jīng)和神經(jīng)元的變化。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame."和第二段中的"Overtheyears,thesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade."可知，隨著年齡的增長，不可避免的就是大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的老化。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的最后兩句可知，年輕時之所以覺得日子似乎更長是因為大腦能夠以“快速射擊”的方式處理更多信息。當(dāng)我們變老的時候，大腦需要更多的時間來處理信息。所以說，相較于老年人，年輕人的大腦花費更少的時間來處理信息。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章首句點明了文章談?wù)撝行模簽槭裁措S著我們變老，我們會覺得時間過得更快？后面文章主要解釋了原因：老年人因為大腦退化，神經(jīng)元的變化導(dǎo)致他們覺得時間過得較快。C項正好與主旨句呼應(yīng)，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover(盤旋)andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:me.

Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.

TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.

Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.（1）Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?A.

Theflower

B.

Thebee

C.

Water

D.

Honey（2）Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Bees'specialtalent

B.

Bees'hardwork.C.

Bees'livingenvironment.

D.

Bees'socialbehavior.（3）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.

B.

Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.C.

Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.

D.

Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，用擬人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤為人類釀造蜂蜜，人類應(yīng)該保護蜜蜂。（1）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知，當(dāng)你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻擊時，其實蜜蜂完全專注于其他的東西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故選D。（2）考查主旨大意。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了蜜蜂雖然只有六周左右的壽命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，為人類釀造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介紹的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知，這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們幫助為人類辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及代詞指代，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇閱讀理解

Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.

Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.

Withasmartthermostat(溫度自動調(diào)節(jié)器),ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.

Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..

Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.

Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.（1）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?A.

Fixanairconditioner.

B.

Takeahotbath.

C.

Runalot.

D.

Putonmoreclothes.（2）Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?A.

Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.B.

Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.C.

Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.D.

Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.（3）Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat________.A.

Tado'smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoitB.

withthein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecallC.

technologycandonothingtomakewinterlessroughD.

Bluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingforthehead（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.

ASmartThermostat

B.

AModernwinterC.

Waysofkeepingwarm

D.

Anunpleasantwinter【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在科技并不發(fā)達的過去，人們可能會為如何在嚴(yán)寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴(yán)冬時節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會自動發(fā)熱的服飾。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."可知，在我的記憶中，冬天總是很不令人愉快。你外出時必須穿得暖和一點。所以通過"keepwarm"可知，外出時要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判斷出第1段中帶下劃線的單詞"bundleup"是多穿點衣服。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."可知，只要按下按鈕，或者通過手機上應(yīng)用程序，安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件就會產(chǎn)生熱量。所以電子保暖服裝工作的原理是安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件產(chǎn)生熱量。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems"可知，幸運的是，事情不需要再這么有挑戰(zhàn)性了。先進的技術(shù)、引擎環(huán)和設(shè)計為我們提供了解決老問題的新方法。所以C選項"科技無法讓冬天變得不那么難熬"不符合短文說明的內(nèi)容。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，在科技并不發(fā)達的過去，人們可能會為如何在嚴(yán)寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴(yán)冬時節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會自動發(fā)熱的服飾。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為"讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日"。故B選項"讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日"符合題意。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(轉(zhuǎn)型).

Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.（1）Somerichcountriesaretryingto

.A.

dematerializemoneyB.

getridoftheside-effectsofcashC.

maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspeciesD.

promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins（2）Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow

.A.

thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesB.

thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworldC.

digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestoppedD.

Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment（3）Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause

.A.

youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallivesB.

suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddataC.

theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarketsD.

financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers（4）Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis

.A.

favorable

B.

negative

C.

objective

D.

indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原因消失?？偟膩碚f,無現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔(dān)憂。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕國家正競相將支付非物質(zhì)化；再根據(jù)第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％。結(jié)合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％；再根據(jù)“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司（在發(fā)達市場）和電信公司（在新興市場）之類的供應(yīng)商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術(shù),他們可以從中提取數(shù)據(jù)和小費。運行現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟背后的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數(shù)金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應(yīng)商為了減少成本,獲取數(shù)據(jù)和小費,開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式,導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，,作者提到無現(xiàn)金支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子支付引起的擔(dān)憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest(珠穆朗瑪).Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.

Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated(模擬)10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.

Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.

Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.

Al