39/60第04講閱讀理解——議論文目錄01TOC\o"1-3"\h\u202體系構(gòu)建·思維可視 303核心突破·靶向攻堅(jiān) 4考點(diǎn)一提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題類議論文 4知識(shí)點(diǎn)提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題類議論文 4考向突破提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題類議論文 5考點(diǎn)二錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)→批駁→立觀點(diǎn) 8知識(shí)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)→批駁→立觀點(diǎn) 8考向突破錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)→批駁→立觀點(diǎn) 8考點(diǎn)三列舉幾種事例——?dú)w納總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)或方法 11知識(shí)點(diǎn)列舉幾種事例——?dú)w納總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)或方法 11考向突破列舉幾種事例——?dú)w納總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)或方法 110413閱讀理解之議論文年份卷別主題語(yǔ)境話題分類2025全國(guó)I卷人與社會(huì)城市交通問(wèn)題北京卷人與社會(huì)能否延長(zhǎng)看屏幕時(shí)間的爭(zhēng)論2024新高考I卷人與社會(huì)紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果北京卷人與社會(huì)討論科學(xué)問(wèn)題：宇宙是否是由計(jì)算機(jī)模擬生成的浙江卷1月人與自然加拿大Alberta防雹千預(yù)計(jì)劃之爭(zhēng)2023全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性2022全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問(wèn)題北京卷人與社會(huì)量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？天津卷人與社會(huì)美好生活的秘訣考情分析：1．從命題內(nèi)容上看，高考命題主要從以下幾方面考查：記文章涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。2．從命題思路上看：文章通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非的方法，來(lái)論證某種觀點(diǎn)正確與否，肯定或否定某種主張。即提出問(wèn)題(引論)--分析問(wèn)題(本論)一一解決問(wèn)題(結(jié)論)”。常見的有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測(cè)題、情感態(tài)度題等題型。預(yù)計(jì)2026年議論文有可能考。復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中要熟練掌握議論文的命題特點(diǎn)和解題方法，做到成功應(yīng)對(duì)議論文閱讀試題。復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和命題形式。2.掌握議論文的雙管齊下閱讀方式，側(cè)重結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容兩個(gè)方面。3.熟悉議論文中?？疾榈挠^點(diǎn)態(tài)度詞中的難詞?？键c(diǎn)一提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題類議論文知識(shí)點(diǎn)1提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題這種議論文作者直接提出己方觀點(diǎn)，通過(guò)舉例、引用數(shù)據(jù)、邏輯推理等方式正面論證觀點(diǎn)的合理性。在近年高考真題中，立論文常圍繞"環(huán)境保護(hù)的個(gè)人責(zé)任""在線教育的利弊"等社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)展開，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，論證層次分明。①結(jié)構(gòu)特征總分總結(jié)構(gòu)：開篇提出中心論點(diǎn)（ThesisStatement），中間分論點(diǎn)（Sub-arguments）支撐，結(jié)尾總結(jié)升華。②論證方法舉例論證（Examples）：通過(guò)具體案例增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力，舉例是論證過(guò)程中很重要的支撐，舉例法易于講明道理。對(duì)比論證（Comparison）：將兩種對(duì)立事物或觀點(diǎn)對(duì)照分析，凡事比則明，通過(guò)對(duì)比證明觀點(diǎn)的正確性。引用論證（Quotations）：援引權(quán)威言論或經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)。因果論證（CauseandEffect）：揭示事物內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。考向提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題類議論文例1（2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）C篇Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說(shuō))”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'attention. B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.例2（2023年全國(guó)乙卷）D篇Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific. B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay. D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D.HowArtWorksTellStories【變式訓(xùn)練·變載體】（2025·湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市雅禮中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期模擬考試（二））Theconvenienceofmodernlifeisnothingshortofastonishing.AsIwritethis,myphoneiswirelesslysendingsomehitsfromthe1700stomyportablespeaker.Thefactthat,asaculture,wecelebratesuchshortcutsisunderstandable.Thatsaid,mostpeopleareabletosensethatconveniencehasadarkerside.Beforegettingintothat,we’dbetterunderstandwhyconvenienceissoseductivefirst.Weoftendesistdoingthethingsweneedtodotomakeprogress.Behindeverywell-intentionedplanliesthishorriblesenseofinertia(惰性).Whyisthisresistance—andourcorrespondingappetiteforease—suchanessentialpartofourmakeup?Here,insightsfromevolutionarypsychology(particularlytheideaof“theevolutionarymismatch”)canhelp.Theevolutionarymismatchistheideathatwecolvedforahunter-gatherdifostyle,andthatwhileourcircumstanceshavechangedcompletely,ourbrainsandbodieshaven’t.Resistancewasanecessarycounterbalance(制衡)totheburstsofintenseactivitythatcharacterizedthelivesofhunter-gatherers:searchingforfoodindrivingrain,orrunningtoescapeadangerousanimal.It’sthereasonwestillask:“DoIreallyhavetobedoingthis?Shouldn’tIsavemyenergy?”Thepeoplechoosingtoremainshelteredduringsnowstorms,whentheprospectofobtainingfoodwaslow,weremorelikelytoliveandpassontheirgenestothenextgeneration.Sincethen,ofcourse,innovationhaschangedthingsgreatly.We’vealteredtechnologyandourenvironmentspartlytoserveournaturalinstinct(本能)toconserveenergy.Thequestionis:whatdowestandtolosebyfollowingourtendencytoprioritizecomfortandconvenience?Continuallychoosingtheconvenientpathlessensyourabilitytodealwithunavoidabledifficulties.And,fromanevolutionaryperspective,somemeasureofdiscomfortisascrucialtooursurvivalasrestandrelaxation.Ourancestorsdidn’tsurvivepurelybybeinglazy,butthroughacombinationofplayingitsafeandtakingnecessaryrisks.Thisdifficultyitselfdoesshapeourcharacter.Inthetechnologicalworldwehavefashioned,wemustsometimesmakeconsciouseffortstoactinoppositiontoourinstincts.Asaculture,wemustrememberwhileconveniencefeelsgoodinthemoment,ourcapacitytoadaptandovercomechallengesispartofourevolutionaryinheritance(遺傳)too,andcentraltotheadventureoflife.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“seductive”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Attractiveandinviting. B．Usefulandpractical.C．Harmfulanddangerous. D．Annoyingandfrustrating.2．Whatdoes“theevolutionarymismatch”primarilyreferto?A．Theinconsistencybetweenpersonalgoalsandsocietalexpectations.B．Thecontrastbetweenmodernconvenienceandancientchallenges.C．Theargumentoverthehunter-gathererlifestyleofancientpeople.D．Theconflictbetweenournaturalinstinctandthecurrentenvironment.3．Whatmayprioritizingconvenienceinmodernliferesultin?A．Itmayleadtoalackofinnovationandprogress.B．Itmayreduceourabilitytoovercomechallenges.C．Itmaymakeusoverlydependentontechnology.D．Itmaycauseadeclineinphysicalfitness.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheBenefitsofModernTechnologyB．UnderstandingEvolutioninToday’sWorldC．TheDarkSideofConvenienceinModernLifeD．RejectingModernConvenienceforaBetterLife考點(diǎn)二錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)→批駁→立觀點(diǎn)先引出對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)，再通過(guò)反駁論據(jù)、指出邏輯漏洞等方式證明其錯(cuò)誤，從而樹立己方觀點(diǎn)。這種文體旨在通過(guò)批判性分析構(gòu)建嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼撟C體系，常見于社會(huì)現(xiàn)象評(píng)論、學(xué)術(shù)爭(zhēng)議探討等文本。1.結(jié)構(gòu)特征：錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)→批駁→立觀點(diǎn)樹靶階段：文章開篇通常以客觀陳述或引用他人觀點(diǎn)的方式，明確擺出反方立場(chǎng)。例如在探討"網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)是否能完全取代傳統(tǒng)課堂"時(shí)，先闡述"部分人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)靈活高效，應(yīng)全面推廣"的觀點(diǎn)。批駁階段：運(yùn)用"However""But""Nevertheless"等轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出反駁內(nèi)容，通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比、事實(shí)例證等方式削弱對(duì)方論點(diǎn)的可信度。如指出"網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)缺乏師生實(shí)時(shí)互動(dòng)，據(jù)調(diào)查顯示，73%的學(xué)生存在自主學(xué)習(xí)效率低下問(wèn)題"。立觀點(diǎn)階段：在瓦解反方觀點(diǎn)后，系統(tǒng)闡述己方立場(chǎng)，通過(guò)遞進(jìn)式分析或多維度論證強(qiáng)化說(shuō)服力，如提出"傳統(tǒng)課堂與網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)"的解決方案。2.論證方法歸謬法：假設(shè)對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)成立，通過(guò)合理推導(dǎo)得出荒謬結(jié)論，例如從"讀書無(wú)用論"推導(dǎo)出"社會(huì)將失去科技創(chuàng)新能力"。反證法：通過(guò)證明與己方論點(diǎn)相反的命題為假，間接確立正確觀點(diǎn)，如通過(guò)證明"不重視環(huán)保會(huì)導(dǎo)致生態(tài)崩潰"來(lái)支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展主張。漏洞分析：聚焦對(duì)方論證中的邏輯缺陷，如指出統(tǒng)計(jì)樣本偏差、因果關(guān)系誤判等問(wèn)題，例如批判"因個(gè)別成功案例否定教育重要性"的以偏概全邏輯?？枷蝈e(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)→批駁→立觀點(diǎn)例（2025年河北部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考）Wolveswithinjuredlegsinthewildcanbasicallydonothingbutwaitfordeath.ButthiswasnotthefateofoneinjuredwolfintheHohXilNationalNatureReserve(可可西里國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū))inQinghai.Thislimpwolfwentfrompoorandskinny(骨瘦如柴的)tohappyandfat,thankstotouristsfeedingitalongthehighway.This“goodwill”,however,hassparked(引發(fā))debateonwhethertouristsshouldfeedthewolf.Peoplewhosupportthisactarguethatwithoutfeeding,thepoorwolfwoulddieofstarvation(饑餓).Butthosewhoholdanoppositeviewthinkthathumansshouldnotgoagainstthelawsofnatureandthattheinevitabledeathofthewolfistheresultofnaturalselection.Eachsidehasitsreasons,butsciencecanprovideuswithanultimateanswer.ResearchpublishedinScientificReportsinJune2019studiedhowhuman-providedfoodaffectedthesurvivalofbottlenosedolphins(寬吻海豚).Researchersfollowedthedynamics(動(dòng)態(tài))of63bottlenosedolphinswholiveintheoceanoffBunbury,Australia,wherethewilddolphinsarelegallyallowedtobefedbytheDolphinDiscoveryCentrethere.Afterlookingatmorethan10yearsofdataonthelocaldolphinpopulation,theresearchersfoundoutthatthefatalityrate(死亡率)ofbottlenosedolphinswhoaskforfoodfromvessels(船只)ismuchhigherthanthatofthosewhoseekfoodbythemselves.Askingforfoodfromhumansincreasestheriskofinjuriesandsometimesthedolphinscanevengetkilledby“boatstrikes,propeller(螺旋槳)cutinjuriesandfishinggearentanglements(被漁具纏住)”,saidthestudy.Andyoungdolphinstendtolearnfromtheirmothers,leadingtomoreaccidents.Apartfromaccidents,feedingwildlifemayalsomakethemrelyonusforsurvival,DaiQiang,aresearcherattheChengduInstituteofBiologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,toldHongxingNews.Moreover,anydiseasesandbacteria(細(xì)菌)presentintheanimalsmayinfectthosewhofeedthem.AsQiXinzhang,deputydirectorofXiningWildlifePark,commentedunderavideofeaturingthewolfinHohXil,“Kindnessneedstobesupportedbyrationality(理性);otherwise,wemayseeadverseeffects(不利影響).”So,whatshouldwedowhencomingacrosswildanimalsthatseemtoneedourhelp?Thebesthelpforthemistoreportthecasetorelatedauthoritiesforprofessionalaidinsteadoffeedingthem,saidQi.1．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thedebateonwolffeeding.B．Survivalproblemsofwildlife.C．Explanationsofthelawsofnature.D．Scientificreasonsforhumanactions.2．Whathasbeenfoundinthestudyofbottlenosedolphinsbeingfedbyhumans?A．Theyaremorelikelytobeinjuredorkilled.B．Theyaremorefriendlytohumans.C．Theyfaceahigherriskofbeingcaught.D．Theytendtocarelessabouttheiryoung.3．AccordingtoDaiQiang,whatmighthappenasaresultoffeedingwildlife?A．Anincreaseinwildlifepopulations.B．Apossiblereductioninnaturalhabitat.C．Increasedriskofanimaldiseasesbeingpassedon.D．Astrengthenedbondbetweenhumansandanimals.4．WhatdoesQiadvisepeoplewhomeetpoorlywildanimalstodo?A．Callthepolice.B．Leavethemalone.C．Offerimmediatehelp.D．Informrelevantauthorities.【變式訓(xùn)練·變載體】（2025屆江蘇省徐州市高三下學(xué)期考前打靶）Ourcommonsenseisthatprofessionalexcellencerequiresformaltraining,butexcellenceintherestoflifedoesnot.Workdemandsdisciplineandtraining;leisureiseasyandenjoyableandcomesnaturally.Whenourworkismostdemanding,wetypicallydefineleisureasitsopposite:completeinactivity.Forexample,whenaburned-out51-year-oldCEOofa$68billioninvestmentfirmabruptlyquithisjobin2022,heexplainedtoreporterswhatheplannedtodonext:“Ijustwanttogositatthebeachanddonothing.”Evenifwe’renotfindingourworksotiringashis,westilltalkabouttakingabreakfromwork,whichallowsustoreenergize—inordertoworkmoreandbetter.Eitherway,we’redefiningleisureinrelationtowork.Irejectthiswholewayofthinking.Leisureisavaluable,constructivepartoflife,andwemisunderstandleisurewhenwedefineitaswork’sopposite.Wemaythinkthatthebestwaytogethappieris,liketheCEO,to“gositatthebeachanddonothing.”Butresearchershavefoundthatthiskindofdo-nothingleisure,includingvacationtravel,providesonlyminor,temporaryboostsofhappiness.Whatgivesusmoresustainedwell-beingarepursuitsinvolvingsocialengagement,personalreflection,andoutdooractivities.Asaprofessor,IwanteverythingIdotobegenerative,insteadofwastingaminuteonfruitlesspursuits.Leisureisnotstraightforwardoreasy.I’dliketousemynonworkactivities,asmuchasmyworkones,tobecomeawiser,happier,moreeffectiveperson.Wemusttreatleisurewitheverybitasmuchseriousnessaswedoourcareers.Whenweunderstandandpracticeleisureproperly,wecanachieveourbestselves—andevenourcapacitytotransformsocietyforthebetter.Thepointhereisthatjustasweshouldbeexcellentatourjobs,weshouldbecomeexcellentatleisure.Doingleisurewellwillgeneratethesortofgrowthinourwell-beingthatworkcannotprovide.Ifyoudon’tdoleisurewell,youwillneverfindlife’sfullmeaning.1．Whydoestheauthormentioncommonsenseatthebeginning?A．Tomakeacomparison. B．Tointroduceaconcept.C．Topresentanexample. D．Toleadinanargument.2．WhatdoestheexampleoftheCEOconvey?A．Peopleshouldretirewhenearningenough. B．Peopleshouldchangeattitudestowardswork.C．Peopletendtoconnectleisurewithwork. D．Peopletendtomakefutureplansinadvance.3．Accordingtoresearchers,whatcontributestocontinuouswell-being?A．Sunbathingonthebeach. B．Aimlesslywandering.C．Communityservice. D．Playingvideogames.4．Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutleisure?A．Leisureisoppositetowork. B．Leisureisastateofinactivity.C．Leisuremeansescapingworktemporarily. D．Leisuredeservestobetreatedseriously.考點(diǎn)三列舉幾種事例——?dú)w納總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)或方法列舉幾種事例——?dú)w納總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)或方法開篇引出幾種事例或現(xiàn)象，歸納作者的核心觀點(diǎn)。注意抓取關(guān)鍵詞、區(qū)分事例與觀點(diǎn)。例（2025年全國(guó)I卷）C篇Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBr?mmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長(zhǎng))tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.1．Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A．Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B．Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C．Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D．Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.2．WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A．Keeptheircitieslivable. B．Promoteculturaldiversity.C．Helptheneedyfamilies. D．Makeexpresswaysaccessible.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A．Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B．Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C．Theywongovernmentsupport. D．Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhytheRush? B．What’sNext?C．WheretoStay? D．WhotoBlame?【變式訓(xùn)練】China’seconomyachieved12.7percentgrowthinthefirsthalfof2021,increasingthechancesofemploymentforyounggraduates.Theindustrialsector,andState-ownedandlargeenterpriseshaverecoveredrelativelywellfromtheimpactsofthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak,buttheservicesector,andsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesfacebiggerchallenges.Fortunately,China’sjobmarketwasrelativelystableinthefirsthalf.Also,newreformsinthetechnologysectorhaveacceleratedthetransformationofthelabormarketandcreatedseveralnewoccupations.Recentyearshaveseengraduatesgettingmorecareerchoices,beyondthetraditionalformsofemployment.Butyoungmigrantworkersdeservegreaterattention,becausetheyarenotaswell-educatedascollegegraduates,ordonothaveenoughworkexperience.Mostyoungmigrantworkersflocktoaffluenteasterncoastalareas,workinlow-endmanufacturingunitsandtheservicesector,andlacktheabilitytoadapttonewtechnologyandthuscanbemoreeasilyreplacedbyrobots.Andalthoughemploymentintheplatformeconomyofe-commercecanincreasetheflexibilityofthelabormarket,makeresourceallocationmoreefficient,easetheimpactofexternalfactorsandprovidemoreopportunitiesforlow-skilledworkers,itwillincreaseinstabilityinthelabormarket.Thetraditionalsocialsecuritysystembasedonemploymentrelationshipisfacingchallengesfromtheplatformeconomy,assomeplatformcompaniessignservicecontractsratherthanlaborcontractswiththeiremployees,leavingalargenumberofworkersuncoveredbythecountry’ssocialinsurancesystem.Theemploymentofyouthsiscrucialforthewell-beingoftheentiresociety,aswellassocialstabilityandhigh-qualitydevelopment.Assuch,theemploymentpolicymustbemoreinclusiveandforward-looking,andthegovernmentshouldoptimizethesocialinsurancesystem,encourageskilltrainingandhelpimproveyoungpeople’sabilitytoadapttotheeconomictransformation,inordertopreventmassjoblosses.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accelerated”meaninParagraph2?A．Changed. B．Boosted. C．Denied. D．Prevented.2．Whyshouldyoungmigrantworkersbepaidmoreattentionto?A．Becausetheyhavethepriority.B．Becausetheyfacemorefinancialproblems.C．Becausetheyarelesseducatedandexperienced.D．Becausetheyareworkinglow-endsectors.3．Whichisnottheadvantageofe-commerce?A．Makingresourcesutilizationmoreefficient.B．Reducingouterfactors.C．Causingmoreinstability.D．Offeringmorejobchances.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Somesuggestionsonhowtoensureemployment.B．Someevidenceforsupportingemployment.C．Reasonsforlowemployments.D．Benefitsofe-commerce.1.（2025·北京卷）Nottoolongago,onacoldwinternight,therewasateenagerwhowantedmorescreentimeandaparentwhosaidno.Theteenagerwasadvocatingforherrighttoscroll(翻屏)foranextra30minutes.Theparentarguedthatnoneofherfriends’parentsletthemhavescreensafter9o’clock.“Ithought,inthisfamily,wedon’tcompareourselveswithotherpeople,Dad?”theteenagerreplied.Theparent—whowasme,bytheway—justgotserved.Sincetheywereyoung,Ihavetoldmykidsnottocomparethemselveswithotherpeople.Ihavearguedcountlesstimesthatcomparisonsarethe“thiefofjoy”.Althoughmydaughterdidn’twin,shedidhelpexposeoneoftheworstpiecesofadviceIhaveevergiven.Inmydefence,Ididwhatwe’vealldonebefore,whichisrepeatreceivedwisdomwithoutexploringthenuances.Butnowisthetimetosettherecordstraight,whichstartswithquestioningtheideathatallsocialcomparisonisunhealthy.Socialcomparisonsdo,ofcourse,oftengetusintoemotionaltrouble.Buttheycanbeharnessed(利用)forourbettermentifweunderstandhowtheywork.Thesocialcomparisonswemake—onesthatleadustofeelgoodorbadaboutourselves—arevitaltoourabilitytothrive(成長(zhǎng)).Scienceprovidesaguidewecanusetoharnessthewayweperformthesecomparisonstoreducetheirnegativeemotionalimpacts.Comparingyourselfwithsomeonewhoisoutperformingyoucouldresultinfeelingsofenvyifyoufocusonthethingstheyhaveandyoudon’t,oritcanbeenergizingandinspiringifyouusethesecomparisonsasasourceofmotivation,forexample,“Iftheycanachievethat,socanI.”Comparingyourselfwithsomeonewhoisdoingworsethanyoucouldresultinfearandworryifyouthinkabouthowyoucouldfallintosimilarcircumstances,oritcandrawoutfeelingsofgratitudeandappreciationifyouusethatcomparisontobroadenyourviews—forexample,“Wow,thingscouldbemuchworse;I’mdoinggreat.”WhatIwishItaughtmydaughterearlierarethesenuances.Howwefeelaboutourselvesrestsnotjustonwhomwecompareourselveswithbutalsoonhowwethinkaboutthatcomparison.That’ssomethingweallhavecontrolover.28．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisdaughter’sargument?A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved.29．Whatdoestheword“nuances”underlinedinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Majorachievements. B．Complexfeelings.C．Significantimpacts. D．Finedifferences.30．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ComparingOurselveswithOthersCanBecomeaHealthyHabitB．ComparingOurselveswithOthersCanStrengthenFamilyTiesC．SocialComparisonsCanGetUsintoEmotionalTroubleD．SocialComparisonsCanBeControlledbyScience2.【2021年全國(guó)乙卷】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機(jī)）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetuser