第二部分語法專題講析專題三代詞考點(diǎn)一

人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞①His

coworkers

occasionally

laugh

at

his

unusual

methods.他的同事偶爾會(huì)嘲笑他不同尋常的方法。②I’ve

come

to

accept

that

whatever

goals

I

set

for

myself，

they

just

have

to

be

my

own.我已經(jīng)接受了，無論我為自己設(shè)定了什么目標(biāo)，它們都必須

是我自己的。1.

分類考點(diǎn)總結(jié)類別人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性功能主語賓

語、表語定語主語、表語、賓語賓語、表語、同位語第

一

人

稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第

二

人

稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第

三

人

稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2.

物主代詞物主代詞是人稱代詞的屬格形式，用來說明所屬關(guān)系，可以

分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。(1)形容詞性物主代詞常置于名詞之前，在句中作定語。人

稱、數(shù)和性別取決于它們所指代的名詞。(2)名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”，在

句中作主語、表語、賓語，或與of連用作定語。3.

反身代詞反身代詞與它所指的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成互指關(guān)系，其人稱、數(shù)

和性別必須與其所指代的名詞或代詞保持一致。(1)反身代詞與動(dòng)詞搭配：dress

oneself(打扮，自己穿衣)，

enjoy

oneself(玩得開心)，

devote

oneself

to(致力于，獻(xiàn)身于)，

seat

oneself(就座，入

席)，

teach

oneself(自學(xué))，

behave

oneself(舉止得體，行為檢

點(diǎn))，

apply

oneself

to(專心致志于)(2)反身代詞與介詞搭配by

oneself(獨(dú)自地)；for

oneself(親自)；of

oneself(自動(dòng)地)；in

oneself(本質(zhì)上)考點(diǎn)二

幾組常見代詞的辨析1.

all，both，any，either，neither，none①Niki

is

always

full

of

ideas，but

none

is

useful

to

my

knowledge.妮基總是會(huì)有很多想法，但是就我所知沒有一個(gè)想法是有

用的。②I’ve

lived

in

New

York

and

Chicago，but

don’t

like

either

of

them

very

much.我在紐約和芝加哥住過，但我不喜歡它們中的任何一個(gè)。③—Would

you

like

to

go

shopping

with

me

on

Saturday

or

Sunday？—I’m

sorry.Neither

will

suit

me.I’ll

be

away

on

business

during

that

period.——星期六或星期天陪我去購(gòu)物好嗎？——對(duì)不起。那兩天都不行。我那段時(shí)間會(huì)去出差。④My

brother

would

like

to

buy

a

good

watch

but

none

was

available

from

that

shop.我哥哥想買一塊好手表，但是在那家店里沒有一塊合適的?？键c(diǎn)總結(jié)都任何都不兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone2.

it，that，one，those①In

many

ways，the

education

system

in

the

US

is

not

very

different

from

that

in

the

UK.

在很多方面，美國(guó)的教育體系和英國(guó)的教育體系相差不大。②People

living

in

colder

regions

are

generally

larger

than

those

living

in

hotter

ones.生活在寒冷地區(qū)的人通常比生活在炎熱地區(qū)的身體高大些。③We

have

various

summer

camps

for

your

holidays.You

can

choose

one

based

on

your

own

interests.我們?yōu)槟銈兊募倨跍?zhǔn)備了各種各樣的夏令營(yíng)，你們可以根據(jù)

自己的興趣選擇一個(gè)。④I

like

this

house

with

a

beautiful

garden

in

front，but

I

don’t

have

enough

money

to

buy

it.我喜歡這座前面有花園的房子，但是我沒有足夠的錢來買

它。考點(diǎn)總結(jié)it特指前面提到過的同一個(gè)人或者物。that可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面不能有修飾語，但可以有后置定語。指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于the

one。one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的同類事物中的“一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于

“a/an＋單數(shù)名詞”。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。tho

se指“the＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)（尤其是有后置定語時(shí)）”，相當(dāng)

于the

ones。3.

another，the

other，other，others，the

others①I

sat

on

the

edge

of

the

street

and

watched

enviously

the

other

boys

on

the

block

play

baseball.我坐在街道旁，羨慕地看著其他男孩在街上打棒球。②To

warm

himself，the

sailor

sat

in

front

of

the

fire

rubbing

one

bare

foot

against

the

other.為了使自己暖和，那個(gè)水手坐在爐火前面赤著腳互相摩擦。③The

Internet

has

become

another

classroom

for

me，and

the

teachers

are

all

big

names

in

academia.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已成為我的另一個(gè)課堂，這里的老師們都是學(xué)術(shù)界的

大師級(jí)人物。④You

are

a

team

star！

Working

with

others

is

really

your

cup

of

tea.你是隊(duì)里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛?？键c(diǎn)總結(jié)other不能單獨(dú)使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義the

other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”或兩

部分中的“另一部分”；也可修飾名詞，表示“另

外的……”anoth

er可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上

的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名

詞。另外another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形

式，表示“另外的……（多少）”others單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事

物”，常與some一起出現(xiàn)，構(gòu)成some…others…“一

些……另一些……”the

others意為“特定范圍內(nèi)剩余的全部人或事物”4.

none，nothing，no

one/nobody①The

meeting

will

be

held

in

September，but

nobody

knows

the

date

for

sure.會(huì)議將在9月份召開，但是沒有人知道確切日期。②Most

of

my

new

classmates

are

kind，but

none

is

so

good

to

me

as

Lucy.我的大部分新同學(xué)都很善良，但沒人像露茜那樣對(duì)我好。③—What

have

you

been

doing

today？—Oh，nothing

special，just

hanging

around.——今天你都干什么了？——哦，沒有什么特別的，只是閑逛?？键c(diǎn)總結(jié)none既指人也指物，后面可接of短語，一般用來回答how

many，how

much和which的提問nothing只指事物，后面不能接of短語，用來回答what的提問no

one/nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短語，一般回答who的提問5.

something，anything，everything，nothing①Good

families

are

much

to

all

their

members，but

everything

to

none.優(yōu)秀的家庭對(duì)于他們的成員來說意義重大，卻不代表一切。②This

project

requires

close

teamwork.Nothing

will

be

achieved

unless

we

work

well

together.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要密切的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，除非我們通力合作，否則將

一事無成。③She

found

herself

something

of

a

hero

when

she

returned

from

Australia

Open

in

2014.從2014年澳大利亞網(wǎng)球公開賽歸來時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己就像是一

位英雄。④—What

do

you

think

of

the

lecture？—Anything

but

interesting，but

I’ve

managed

to

survive

it.——你認(rèn)為講座怎么樣？——一點(diǎn)意思都沒有，但是我還是堅(jiān)持著聽完了?？键c(diǎn)總結(jié)

1.

anything表示“任何事物，什么事”時(shí)，用于否定句

和疑問句中；表示“隨便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。2.

nothing表示“什么也沒有”。3.

something表示“某事（物）”，一般用于肯定句中。4.

everything表示“一切”，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，但謂語動(dòng)詞要

用單數(shù)。5.

nothing

but意為“僅僅，只是”；anything

but意為

“根本不”；all

but意為“幾乎”。[名師點(diǎn)津]

注意something的特殊含義：大致，……左右；

有價(jià)值或重要的人或事物；anything

but“根本不”?？键c(diǎn)三

it的用法①How

would

you

like

it

if

you

were

watching

your

favorite

TV

program

and

someone

came

into

the

room

and

just

shut

it

off

without

asking

you？如果你正在看你最喜歡的電視節(jié)目，而有人進(jìn)入房間沒有問

你就把電視關(guān)上，你覺得怎樣？②—A

lovely

day，isn’t

it？—Yes，I

love

it

when

the

weather

is

like

this.Why

not

go

out

for

a

walk？——天氣不錯(cuò)，不是嗎？——是的，我非常喜歡這樣的天氣，出去走走怎么樣？③—Who’s

that

at

the

door？—It

is

the

milkman.——門口是誰？——是送奶工。④When

it

comes

to

saving

energy，big

changes

start

with

small

steps，like

turning

off

the

lights.當(dāng)提到節(jié)能的時(shí)候，大變化從細(xì)微的行動(dòng)開始，比如隨手

關(guān)燈?？键c(diǎn)總結(jié)

1.

指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。2.

指代前面所提到過的事情、事物、群體、想法，性別

不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人或動(dòng)物，也可指代未指明但談

話雙方都明白的事情或情況。3.

作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定式、動(dòng)詞－ing形

式、名詞性從句。4.

表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動(dòng)詞后面接it，構(gòu)成

固定結(jié)構(gòu)，這類動(dòng)詞有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，

dislike，appreciate等。5.

it的高頻搭配：When

it

comes

to…當(dāng)涉及……make

it成功；確定時(shí)間為……（后接時(shí)間類名詞）as

it

is事實(shí)上；照原樣get

it明白了

◆代詞與語法填空代詞在語法填空中考查指示代詞、不定代詞以及it的用法時(shí)

無提示詞，而考查人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)

換時(shí)，常給出提示詞。[典題試做]用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.

If

you

are

time

poor，you

need

run

for

only

half

the

time

to

get

the

same

benefits

as

other

sports，so

perhaps

we

should

all

give

a

try.2.

When

the

gorillas

and

I

frightened

each

other，I

was

just

glad

to

find

(they)

alive.3.

However，the

railway

quickly

proved

to

be

a

great

success

and

within

six

months，more

than

25，000

people

were

using

every

day.4.

She

thought

I

had

hurt

(I).it

them

it

myself

[應(yīng)對(duì)策略]1.

當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時(shí)，填代詞。要根據(jù)語境，看該空格

是指人還是指物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。為了避免

重復(fù)，it，one(s)，that，those都可以用來替代上文出現(xiàn)的名

詞，要注意它們的不同用法。it可以用來代替不定式、動(dòng)名

詞或從句作形式主語或形式賓語。還要注意不定代詞one，

both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another等的用法。2.

如是物主代詞(表示“某人的”)，作主語、賓語或表語

用名詞性物主代詞；在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主

代詞；反身代詞通常作主語和賓語的同位語，這時(shí)應(yīng)與主

語或賓語一致；也可作某些動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語，這時(shí)需與

主語一致?！魰姹磉_(dá)中代詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1.

主格、賓格混亂，如：(誤)

You

and

us

should

join

hands

to

do

it.(正)

You

and

we

should

join

hands

to

do

it.2.

語序錯(cuò)誤，如：(誤)

I

and

my

family

all

like

playing

golf.(正)

My

family

and

I

all

like

playing

golf.3.

稱謂指代混亂，如：(誤)

Everyone

should

take

an

umbrella

with

yourself.(正)

Everyone

should

take

an

umbrella

with

himself

or

herself.

Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

[2024·浙江一模]It

is

so

easy

to

let

an

online

course

slide，

but

(you)

grades

will

suffer

as

a

result.2.

[2023·新課標(biāo)I卷]Cycling

is

the

most

economical，

sustainable

and

fun

way

to

explore

the

city，

with

(it)

beautiful

canals，

parks，

squares

and

countless

lights.your

its

3.

[2023·新課標(biāo)I卷]Little

by

little，

these

different

kinds

of

life

got

used

to

one

another

and

formed

(they)

own

ecosystem.4.

[2023·新課標(biāo)I卷]Encouraged

by

his

words，

I

agreed

to

give

a

try.5.

[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]Skilled

at

putting

up

shelves

and

piecing

together

furniture，

she

never

pays

someone

else

to

do

a

job

she

can

do

(she).their

it

herself

Ⅱ.語法填空“Without

the

ball，I’m

half

complete

of

1.

，”Luis

Figo，one

of

the

world’s

greatest

football

players

once

said.The

Portuguese

played

his

first

international

match

in

1991

at

the

age

of

18

and

has

kept

scoring

ever

since.myself

He

reached

a

new

mark

on

February

18

by

playing

2.

hundredth

match

for

his

national

team

in

a

friendly

match

against

England.A

crowd

of

more

than

30，000

fans

watched

and

cheered

for

3.

in

Lisbon.“Figo，

Figo，”4.

(all，both)

shouted

excitedly

when

he

walked

onto

the

field.his

him

all

The

Real

Madrid

player，31，wanted

to

help

his

country

in

Euro

2004

and

to

win

5.

(another，other)

Spanish

Cup

with

Real

Madr