WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructuresBasicSentenceStructures1.ToidentifyEnglishsentenceelements.2.TomasterthebasicsentencestructuresofEnglish.3.Toanalyzethestructureofthesentencesfromthetext.4.createyourownsentences/passageswithtargetsentence

structures.LearningobjectivesIflanguageislikeatree,whatcangrammarbeandwhatcanvocabularybe?grammarvocabulary×withoutvocabulary×withoutgrammarLeadinTheroleofgrammaristohelpusorganisewordsinorder,sowecanmakecorrect

sentences.shortsentencesIloveyou.longsentencesYourlifeonlylastsforafewdecades,sobesurethatyoudon’tleaveanyregrets.Laughorcryasyoulike,andit’smeaninglesstooppressyourself.Tostudygrammar,westartwithsimplesentences.WhatAreThey?1.S(subject)

2.V(verb)

3.O(object)

4.P(predicative)

5.A(adverbial)

6.DO(directobjec)

7.IO(indirectobject)

8.C(objectcomplement)

主語謂語動詞賓語表語狀語直接賓語間接賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語----基本句型的句子成分Explaination表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常由名詞(短語)、代詞、動名詞(短語)或主語從句等充當(dāng)。Example1.Theboysgetup.2.WespeakEnglishintheclass.3.Eatingvegetablesisgoodforourhealth.4.Whatweeathasnotbeendecided.（名詞）（代詞）（動名詞）（主語從句）subject主語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)，有完整的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，一般在主語之后。verb謂語Example1.Thedinnersmellsgood.2.Thestudentsagreed.3.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.4.Childrenlikeplayinggames.連系動詞不及物動詞主謂要一致通常由動詞充當(dāng)。動詞常分為實(shí)義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。S+VHermotherisateacher.主系動詞表Theflowersmellssweet.Seeingisbelieving.

位于系動詞之后表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”。predictive表語Example1.Hegavemeabook.2.ShowyourIDcard,please.3.Ilikehim.4.Ienjoybeingyourteacher.間接賓語直接賓語（名詞）（代詞賓格）（動名詞）object賓語賓語表示動作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動詞之后。Pleaseshowme

yourpassport.

2.

MothermadeMary

anewcoat.

Discoverwhatmakeupthecompositionofasentence直接賓語(DO)和間接賓語(IO)的區(qū)別直接賓語表示動作的承受者，一般是物。間接賓語表示動作是對誰或?yàn)檎l做的，一般是人。

間接賓語直接賓語間接賓語直接賓語溫馨提示直接賓語和間接賓語不能按賓語離動詞的遠(yuǎn)近來判別。1.Heisagoodboy.

2Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.

Whatcanbe“attribute”inasentence?什么做定語名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、非謂語短語、句子.“定語分為前后置”前置定語后置定語

前置定語

定語HisfathernamedhimTerry.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Shethinksheragoodteacher.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrowmorning.賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動詞接賓語后，意義仍然不完整，還需要一個句子成分來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的意義，狀態(tài)等，這就是賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

6.Shesatthere,readingabook.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.時間原因條件地點(diǎn)方式伴隨目的結(jié)果讓步比較狀語用于修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞短語或句子.可表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、方式、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步、頻率等。三大基本句型1.主語+謂語

Ｓ+Ｖ2.主語+謂語+賓語

Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ3.主語+系動詞+表語

Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ

可獨(dú)立完成的動作Hesmiled.S(主語)V(動詞)

有1個動作的承受者Ilikeyou.S(主語)V(動詞)+

O(賓語)++不及物動詞(intransitiveverb)及物動詞(transitiveverb)

不是個“動作”,而是狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等Mariaisoutgoing.S(主語)V(系動詞)

P(表語)++連系動詞(linkingverb)Maria

isintheclassroom.Dilirebalooksbeautiful.Thekebabsmellsnice.作用：把它后面的信息賦予給前面的主語連系動詞(LinkingVerb)歸納1.表示“保持”的有：keep，stay，stand，lie.2.表示“是”的有：be(是)，prove(證明是)，seem(似乎是)，appear(好像是)，remain(依然是)。3.表示“……起來”的有:taste(嘗起來)，look(看起來)，sound(聽起來)，feel(摸起來；感到)，smell(聞起來)。4.表示“變成”的有:become，grow，turn，get，go,fall。四“保持”

五“是”

，五“……起來”，六“變”

主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語例2IboughtTomabirthdaygift.間接賓語直接賓語例1Ishowedhermyphotos.間接賓語直接賓語常見的可接雙賓語的動詞有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等其它基本句型主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語在某些及物動詞的后面，需要用一個賓語再加一個賓補(bǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。常見的可做賓語補(bǔ)足語的有：名詞，形容詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式,不帶to的動詞不定式等。

They

appointedhim

manager.

They

painted

the

doorgreen.

Thissetthem

thinking.

Theyfoundthehousedeserted.

Whatmakes

him

thinkso?

We

saw

him

out.

He

asked

metocomebacksoon.其它基本句型

有2個動作的承受者M(jìn)ichelleteachesusEnglish.S(主語)V(動詞)

O(賓語)+

O(賓語)++IO(間接賓語)DO(直接賓語)及物動詞(transitiveverb)

只有一個動作承受者(不同于2)Icecreammakesmehappy.S(主語)V(動詞)

O(賓語)+++

OC(賓語補(bǔ)語)及物動詞(transitiveverb)differencesAdverbial狀語，加入狀語能幫助理解句子Shewalkedquickly.

6.S(主語)V(動詞)

A(狀語)++Theyhadlunchathome.

7.S(主語)V(動詞)

A(狀語)++

O(賓語)+He

talkstoomuch.Thetickettotheplaysold

sowell.Ihad

myfirstdrawingclassinseniorhighschool.S+V+AS+V+AS+V+O+AReadthepassageandanalysethestructuresoftheunderlinedsentenc