初中英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納與練習(xí)初中階段是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)打基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，掌握好這一階段的核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，不僅能應(yīng)對(duì)考試，更能為未來(lái)的深入學(xué)習(xí)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。本文將對(duì)初中英語(yǔ)的重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行梳理歸納，并輔以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，希望能幫助同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)，查漏補(bǔ)缺，提升英語(yǔ)綜合能力。一、詞匯與短語(yǔ)詞匯是語(yǔ)言的基石，短語(yǔ)則是詞匯的靈活運(yùn)用。初中階段需要掌握的詞匯量雖不龐大，但很多詞匯具有多義性和固定搭配，需要重點(diǎn)記憶和辨析。1.核心詞匯的積累與辨析*多義詞：如"get"有"得到"、"變得"、"到達(dá)"等多種含義，需結(jié)合語(yǔ)境理解。*例：Igetupearlyeveryday.(變得/開(kāi)始)/Shegotagift.(得到)*同義詞/近義詞：如"look","see","watch"都有“看”的意思，但用法不同。*例：Lookattheblackboard.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)/Iseeabird.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)/WatchTV.(強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程)2.常用短語(yǔ)與固定搭配*動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：如takecareof,lookforwardto,giveup,makeupone'smind等。*例：Weshouldtakecareoftheold./I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.*介詞短語(yǔ)：如infrontof,ontime,attheendof,becauseof等。*例：Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse./Hecamelatebecauseoftherain.*形容詞短語(yǔ)：如beinterestedin,begoodat,beafraidof等。*例：Sheisinterestedinmusic./Mybrotherisgoodatplayingbasketball.練習(xí)一：詞匯與短語(yǔ)1.請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列單詞的反義詞：*hot-______*fast-______*young-______2.選擇合適的短語(yǔ)填空(takeoff,lookfor,giveup,turnon)：*It'swarmintheroom.Youcan______yourcoat.*Mymotheris______herkeyseverywhere.*Don't______whenyoumeetdifficulties.*Couldyouplease______thelight?It'sdark.3.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：*Heis______(interest)inreadingstories.*Myfatheroftentellsmetheimportanceof______(work)hard.答案與解析1.cold,slow,old(答案不唯一，合理即可)2.takeoff(脫下),lookingfor(尋找),giveup(放棄),turnon(打開(kāi))3.interested(beinterestedin對(duì)...感興趣),working(of是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞)二、語(yǔ)法核心語(yǔ)法是組織語(yǔ)言的規(guī)則，掌握核心語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)對(duì)于正確理解和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)至關(guān)重要。1.時(shí)態(tài)初中階段需重點(diǎn)掌握以下幾種基本時(shí)態(tài)：*一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或客觀真理。*結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)形式+...*例：Hegetsupatsixeverymorning./Theearthgoesaroundthesun.*一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+...*例：Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweekend./Shewashappyyesterday.*一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。*結(jié)構(gòu)：will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形；begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形*例：IwillgotoBeijingtomorrow./Itisgoingtorain.*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。*結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞-ing形式*例：Theyareplayingfootballnow.*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成的影響。*結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞*例：Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears./Shehasfinishedherhomework.練習(xí)二：時(shí)態(tài)填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Myfatherusually______(read)newspapersaftersupper.2.They______(play)basketballontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.3.Look!Thechildren______(fly)kitesinthepark.4.We______(visit)theGreatWallnextmonth.5.She______(learn)Englishforthreeyears.答案與解析1.reads(usually提示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)myfather是第三人稱單數(shù))2.played(yesterdayafternoon提示一般過(guò)去時(shí))3.areflying(Look!提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))4.willvisit/aregoingtovisit(nextmonth提示一般將來(lái)時(shí))5.haslearned(forthreeyears提示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)she是第三人稱單數(shù))2.語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)*主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。*例：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.*被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。*結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn))*例：Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng))*Theletterwaswrittenbyheryesterday.(一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng))練習(xí)三：語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.2.Hefinishedtheworklastweek.答案與解析1.Englishisspokeninmanycountries(bypeople).(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞)2.Theworkwasfinished(byhim)lastweek.(一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞)3.從句初中階段主要接觸定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。*賓語(yǔ)從句：在句中作賓語(yǔ)，通常由that,if/whether,特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。*注意：從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。*狀語(yǔ)從句：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步等。*常用連接詞：when,while,because,if,so...that,though/although等。*例：IwillcallyouwhenIarrive.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)/Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.(原因狀語(yǔ)從句)練習(xí)四：賓語(yǔ)從句填空根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空，并將從句部分改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。1.Couldyoutellme______thenearestpostofficeis?(where)答案與解析1.where(賓語(yǔ)從句，詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)，從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序：wherethenearestpostofficeis)4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：不定式(todo)與動(dòng)名詞(doing)*不定式(todo)：可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。*例：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.(主語(yǔ))/Hewantstogothere.(賓語(yǔ))/Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(定語(yǔ))*動(dòng)名詞(doing)：可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，其功能相當(dāng)于名詞。*例：Swimmingisgoodforhealth.(主語(yǔ))/Ienjoyreading.(賓語(yǔ))*注意：一些動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如enjoy,finish,practice,mind,keep等。練習(xí)五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Helikes______(play)football.2.Mymotheroftentellsme______(study)hard.3.Theyfinished______(do)theirhomeworkatnine.答案與解析1.playing(likedoingsth.喜歡做某事)2.tostudy(tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事)3.doing(finishdoingsth.完成做某事)三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換掌握不同句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換是靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的體現(xiàn)，也是考試常見(jiàn)題型。*陳述句與疑問(wèn)句（一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句）的轉(zhuǎn)換*肯定句與否定句的轉(zhuǎn)換*同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(常用不同詞匯、短語(yǔ)或句型表達(dá)相同意思)練習(xí)六：句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Tomusuallywalkstoschool.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)______Tomusually______toschool?2.TheywillhaveapicnicnextSunday.(改為否定句)They____________apicnicnextSunday.3.Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.(改為同義句)Heis______young______gotoschool.答案與解析1.Does,walk(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Tom是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用does，后面動(dòng)詞用原形)2.won'thave/arenotgoingtohave(一般將來(lái)時(shí)否定：willnot=won't/benotgoingto)3.too,to(too...to...太...而不能...)四、閱讀理解與書(shū)面表達(dá)1.閱讀理解*技巧：先通讀全文，了解大意；再帶著問(wèn)題細(xì)讀，尋找關(guān)鍵信息；注意理解長(zhǎng)難句和作者意圖。*積累：擴(kuò)大詞匯量，熟悉不同體裁文章的特點(diǎn)。2.書(shū)面表達(dá)*步驟：審清題意，確定要點(diǎn)；組織語(yǔ)言，連詞成句；注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱；檢查修正。*建議：多模仿范文，注意句子間的邏輯連接(如and,but,so,however,first,then,finally