桂林電子科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文英文翻譯資料PAGE19CNCmachinetools,CNCengravingmachineoverview

HistoryofthedevelopmentofCNCmachinetoolsandnecessity:halfacentury,CNCsystemhasgonethroughtwostages,sixgenerationsofdevelopment.Hard-lineCNCphase(1952to1970).Theinitialcomputerprocessingspeedisrelativelylowbecause,forreal-timecontrolofmachine-widefashion.So,peoplehavetousedigitallogiccircuits,"ride"intoadedicatedcomputerasnumericalcontrolmachinetoolsystem,knownasthehard-linenumericalcontrol(HardwiredNumericalControl),referredtoasNC(NC).Withthedevelopmentofcomponents,thisstageofdevelopmentthroughthreegenerations,beginningin1952thatthefirstgenerationofnumericalcontrolsystem,itsmainfeatureisthetubes,relays,analogcircuitelementsbased;thesecondgenerationin1959,CNCItsmainfeatureisatransistor-baseddigitalcircuitelements;1965,thethirdgenerationCNCsystem,itsmainfeaturesistheintegrateddigitalcircuitdevicesbased.Computernumericalcontrolphase(1970-present).1970thefourthgenerationCNCsystem,itsmainfeatureisasmallcomputer-basedandsmall-scaleintegratedcircuitsusingCNC;1974,thefifthgenerationofnumericalcontrolsystem,itsmainfeaturesarebasedonmicroprocessorandadigitaldisplay,faultself-diagnosticfunctionnumericalcontrolsystems;1990,thesixthgenerationofnumericalcontrolsystem,whichischaracterizedbyaPC-basedCNCsystem,nowwidelyusedtoenterthestage,thepriceisrelativelymuchlower,andforsomelarge-scaleequipment,thehigh-precision,versatile,easytooperate,developsimple,easyandsothepriceisveryhigh,andsomecanreachmillionsoreventhousandsofyuan.

TheneedforthedevelopmentofCNCmachinetools:

(1):WorldWarIIreflectedthedemandsofmoresophisticatedweaponsandequipment;computertechnologygenerationandcontinuousdevelopment;machinetechnologycontinuestoevolveandmatureandsoon.

(2):WorldWarIIreflectedthedemandsofmoresophisticatedweaponsandequipment;computertechnologygenerationandcontinuousdevelopment;machinetechnologycontinuestoevolveandmatureandsoon.

CNCfeatures:DigitalcontrolmachinetoolCNCmachinetoolsisshort,isaprocesscontrolsystemwithautomatedmachinetools.Thecontrolsystemcandealwithcontrollogicorothersymbolicinstructioncodeproceduresprescribedanddecoding,sothatthemachinemovementandprocessingofparts.

CNCmachinetoolcontrolunit:CNCmachineoperationandmonitoringofallcompletedinthenumericalcontrolunit,whichisthebrainofCNCmachinetools.Comparedwithordinarymachinetools,CNCmachinetoolshasthefollowingcharacteristics:

●highprecision,stableprocessingquality;

●canbemulti-axislinkage,canprocesscomplexshapeoftheparts;

●processingpartchanges,generallyonlyneedtochangetheNCprogram,savingproductiontimetoprepare;

●highprecisionmachineitself,rigidity,choosetheamountofbenefitprocessing,productionrate(usuallyforordinarymachine3to5times);

●highdegreeofautomationtools,canreducelaborintensity;

●thequalityofhigheroperators,maintenancepersonnelofhighertechnicalrequirements.

CNCmachinetoolsgenerallyconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:

●host,heisthesubjectofCNCmachinetools,includingmachinetools,column,spindle,feedmechanismandothermechanicalparts.Heisusedtocompleteavarietyofmachiningmechanicalparts.

●CNCequipment,CNCmachinetoolsisthecore,includingthehardware(printedcircuitboards,CRTmonitors,keyboxes,papertapereader,etc.)andthecorrespondingsoftware,enterthenumberofpartsusedintheprogram,andcompleteinputinformationstorage,datatransformation,interpolationoperationandtoachieveavarietyofcontrolfunctions.

●drive,heisaCNCmachinetoolactuatorsdrivecomponents,includingthespindledriveunit,feedunit,thespindlemotorandfeedmotorandsoon.HewasunderthecontroloftheNCdeviceelectricalorelectro-hydraulicservosystemtoachievethroughthespindleandfeeddrive.Whenthelinkageofseveralfeed,youcancompletetheposition,line,planecurvesandspacecurvesprocessing.

●assistdevice,theindex-controlledmachinetoolsnecessarysupportingcomponentstoensuretheoperationofCNCmachinetools,suchascooling,chipremoval,lubrication,lighting,monitoringandsoon.Itconsistsofhydraulicandpneumaticdevices,chipconveyor,pallet,NCrotarytableandCNCdividinghead,includingtestingtoolandmonitoringdevices.

●programmingandotherancillaryequipmentusedtomakepartsinthemachineoutsidetheprogramming,storage,etc.

CNCmillingandengravingmachineintroduction:

CNCmillingmachineconcept:millingCNCmillingmachineisgenerallydevelopedonthebasisofthetwoarebasicallythesameprocessingtechnology,thestructureisalsosomewhatsimilar,buttheCNCmillingmachineiscontrolledautomaticallybythemachinetoolprogram,soitsstructureandgeneralmillingmachinewithgenerallyverydifferentfromCNCmillingmachineCNCsystem,themaindrivesystem,servofeedsystem,coolingandlubricationsystemsofseveralmajorcomponents:(1),includingthespindleheadandtheheadstockspindledrivesystemforclampingtoolanddrivetoolrotation,spindlespeedrangeandtheoutputtorquehasadirectimpactontheprocess.(2),thefeedmotorservosystemconsistsoffeedandfeedexecutingagencies,accordingtotheproceduressetfeedratetoachievebetweenthetoolandtheworkpiecerelativemotionincludinglinearfeedmovementandrotation.(3),thecontrolsystemmotioncontrolCNCmillingcenters,CNCmachiningprogramexecutioncontrolofthemachineforprocessing.(4),assistivedevicessuchashydraulic,pneumatic,lubrication,coolingandchipremoval,protectiveandotherequipment.(5),usuallyreferstopiecesofthemachinebasefoundation,columns,beams,etc.,itisthefoundationandframeworkfortheentiremachine.

CNCmillingmachineclassification:Theclassificationisusuallymillingspindleaxisdirectionaccordingtopoints,iftheverticaltothehorizontalplaneiscalledtheCNCverticalmillingmachine;ifparalleltothehorizontalplaneiscalledtheCNChorizontalmillingmachine;theretwoverticalandhorizontalwiththeCNCmillingmachine,butrelativelyrare.TheCNCmillingmachineCNCverticalmillingmachineisthelargestnumberinarangeofapplicationsmostwidelyused.GenerallyuseasmallCNCmillingmachinetablemoves,waydownandthespindlerotation,andgeneralorganizationsimilartotheverticalmillingmachine;medium-sizedCNCverticalmillingmachinecommonlyusedwaytoverticallyandhorizontallymovingtable,andslidealongtheverticalaxisonthemotion,andgantryisforverticalmovementalongthebed.

VerticalCNCmillingmachineverticalmillingmachinecanbegeneral-coordinateCNCverticalmillingmachineinthemajority.Inaddition,thespindlecanrotatearoundtheX,Y,ZaxisinoneortwoforthedeathofNCrotarymovementcoordinatesandfive-axisCNCverticalmillingmachine.Ingeneral,themachineaxis,themorecontrol,particularlythosethatrequiremorejointaxes,themachinefunction,processingareaandchoosethemoretheobjectofprocessing.However,theattendantismorecomplexmachinetoolstructure,thenumericalcontrolsystemrequirementsarehigher,moredifficultprogramming,equipmentpriceshigher.CNCVerticalMillingMachineCNCturntablecanalsobeattached,automaticswitchboard,increasingbymodedevicestoexpanditsfunctionality,processingareaandprocessingofobjectstofurtherimproveproductionefficiency.

HorizontalCNCmillingmachineandCNCmillingmachineclassthesameuniversalhorizontalmillingmachine,thespindleaxisparalleltothehorizontalplane.Inordertoexpandthescopeandexpansionofprocessingcapabilities,CNChorizontalmillingmachinecommonlyusedtoincreaseoruniversalCNCCNCrotarydialtoachievefourorfive-axismachining.Thiswillnotonlycontinuousrotationonthesideoftheworkpiececontourcanbeprocessedout,andcanbeachievedinaninstallation,changethestationbytheturntable,the"fourprocessing."UniversalCNCturntable,especiallyontheworkpiececanbedifferentangleorspaceangleofthemachinedsurfaceplacedintoalevelofprocessing.Thiscansavealotofspecialfixturesorspecialanglemillingcutter.Forbox-typepartsorneedtoworkinaninstallationpositionoftheworkpiecechanges,thechoiceofCNCrotarytablewithhorizontalmillingmachineissuitableforprocessing.AsthehorizontalCNCmillingmachineCNCturntableaftertheadditionoftheworkpieceisveryeasytodo,"fourprocessing",inmanywaysbetterthanthewheelwithCNCverticalmillingmachine,ithasbeenalotofuserattention.

Li,lyingdualdigitalnow,thistypeofmillingmachineisgraduallyincreased.Sincethistypeofmillingmachinespindleorientationcanbereplacedtoachieveinasinglemachinecanbeeitherverticalmachining,horizontalmachiningcanbetheretomakeawiderrangeofapplications,morewhole,moreroomfortheobjectselectionprocess,givesusersalotofconvenience.Especiallywhenproductionvolumeissmall,varieties,thereisneedtostand,lietwowaystoprocess,userssimplybuyamachinelikeit.

Li,lyingdualspindleCNCmillingmachinedirectionofthetransformationofmanualandautomaticmethods,theuseofCNCuniversalspindleheadup,horizontaldual-useCNCmillingmachine,thespindleheadcanbeanychangesofdirection,canbeprocessedandappearbeforeavarietyoflevelsdifferentanglesoftheworkpiecesurface.Whenestablished,increasedhorizontalCNCmillingCNCdualwheel,theworkpiececanbeachieved"five-sidedmachining."Thatinadditiontopositioningtheworkpieceincontactwiththewheelsurface,othersurfacescanbeprocessedinasingleinstallation.Therefore,theprocessingperformanceisexcellent.

CNCmillingmachinestructuralcharacteristics:highstiffnessandhighstiffnessofvibrationofthemillingmachineisoneofthetechnicalperformanceofmillingmachine,millingmachinestructurewhichreflectstheabilitytoresistdeformation.Accordingtothedifferentnatureoftheloadsufferedmilling,millinginforceunderstaticstiffnessasshownbythemillstiffness;millingforceinthedynamicstiffnessperformanceunderthemillingmachinecalledthedynamicstiffness.Commonlyusedinthemillingmachinemillingmachineperformanceteststodemonstratethecomplianceofthemillingperformance,flexibilityisthereciprocalofstiffness.CNCmillingmachinetomeetthehigh-speed,highaccuracy,highproductivity,highreliabilityandhighautomation,comparedwithordinarymillingmachine,CNCmillingmachineshouldhaveahigherstaticanddynamicstiffness,bettervibrationresistance.CNCmillingmachinetoimprovestructuralrigidityofthemeasuresarethefollowing:

1)improvethemillingcomponentstiffnessandnaturalfrequency.Improvethestructureorlayoutoftheweaklinksinordertoreduceexposuretothebendingloadandtorqueload.Forexample,theCNCmillingmachinespindleboxorramandothercomponents,canbeusedtobalancetheloadunloadingdevicetocompensateforchangesincomponentsduetostatic,unloadingdevicesarecommonlyusedhammerandbalancedhydrauliccylinder;improvethecontactbetweenthestiffnessofthecomponentandmillingjunctionwiththefoundationstiffness.

2)toimprovethedampingcharacteristicsofthestructureofCNCmillingmachine.Inthelargecavityfilledwithclaycoreandconcretedampingmaterial,thevibrationduetotherelativelylargefrictionandvibrationenergydissipation.Dampingcoatingmethodcanalsobeused,thatis,inlargesurfacecoatinglayerwithhighdampingandhighflexibilitytoincreasetheviscosityofthematerialdampingratio.

3)theuseofnewmaterialsandstructuralsteelwelding.

Reducetheimpactofthermaldeformationofmillingmachinemillingmachinemillingaffectthethermaldeformationisanimportantfactorinprecision.AstheCNCmillingmachinespindlespeed,feedratemuchhigherthanordinarymillingmachine,andalargeamountofcuttingchipsproducedbythehotpartsoftheworkpieceandthemillingeffectofheatconductionseriousthanordinarymillingmachine,andthermaldeformationoftheimpactofprecisionisoftendifficulttocorrect.Therefore,theoperatorshouldpayparticularattentiontoreducingtheimpactofthermaldeformationofCNCmillingmachine.Commonlyusedmeasuresarethefollowing:

improvingthelayoutandstructureofthemillingmachine

hot-symmetricalstructure,thisstructureissymmetricalrelativetotheheatsource.Inthethermaldeformation,theworkpieceortoolrotationcenterlineofsymmetryofthepositionremainedunchanged,thusreducingtheimpactontheaccuracyoftheworkpiece.

Thetiltbedandskateboardrampstructure.

Theheatbalancemeasures.

controlthetemperature.Partsofmillingheat(suchasspindleboxes,etc.),theuseofheat,airandliquidcoolingandothercontrolmeasurestoabsorbtheheatsourcetemperatureoftheheatissue.ItiswidelyusedonvarioustypesofCNCmillingmachinetoreducethethermaldeformationofaresponse.

takeastrongpositiononthecoldcuttingmeasures.Inthelargeamountofcuttingmachining,falltable,onabedofhotchipsandothercomponentsisanimportantheatsource.CNCmillingmachineisnowwidelyusedmulti-nozzle,high-volumecoolanttocoolthehotchipandexhaust,coolantandcoolingcyclewithalarge-capacityrefrigerationorcoolingdevicetocontrolthetemperature.

thermaldisplacementcompensation.Predictthermaldeformation,amathematicalmodelintothecomputerforreal-timecompensation.

Simplifythestructureoftransmissionmachinery:CNCmillingmachinespindledriveandfeeddrivesystem,namelyAC,DCandservomotordrivesthespindlemotor,thesetwotypesofmotorspeedrange,andvariablespeed,sotheheadstock,thefeedgearboxandtransmissionsystemgreatlysimplifiedboxstructureissimple,gears,bearingsandshaftpartsdonotevenhaveasignificantdecreaseinthenumberofgears,drivenbythemotordirectlytotheballscrewspindleorfeed.

Hightransmissionefficiencyandseamlessgear:CNCmillingmachineathighfeedrate,theworkforasmoothandhighpositioningaccuracy.Therefore,thefeedingsysteminthemechanicaltransmissiondevicesandcomponentsrequiresahighlife,highstiffness,seamless,highsensitivityandlowfrictioncharacteristics.Currently,CNCmillingmachinefeeddrivesystemcommonlyusedinthreemainmechanisms:ballscrew,staticworm-wormofinstitutionsandpre-loaddual-gear-rack.

Lowcoefficientoffrictionofrail:railmillingmachinemillingmachineisoneofthebasicstructure.Millingaccuracyandlifeislargelydeterminedbythequalityofrailmillingmachine.Performanceinhigh-speedfeedwithoutvibration,lowfeeddoesnotcrawl,highsensitivity,canworkinlong-termcontinuousheavyloads,higherabrasionresistance,betteraccuracyretentionandsoon.ModernCNCmillingmachineusedrail,railandgeneralmillingmachineissimilartothemainuseofaslidingrail,railrollingandstaticpressureguidethree,butinthematerialandstructurehasundergoneaqualitativechange.

CNCturningandmillingofthestructuralcharacteristics

CNCmillingmachine'smainspindlemotordrivesystemisthedrivingforcebehindthedrivetobecomeavailablethroughthecuttingandcuttingwiththecuttingtorque.Inordertomeettheprocessingofdifferentmaterialsanddifferentprocessingmethods,themaindrivesystemrequiresCNCmillingmachinetohaveawidespeedrangeandthecorrespondingoutputtorque.Inaddition,clampingthetoolspindleunitdirectlytothecuttingoftheworkpiece,andthusthequalityoftheprocessing(includingprocessingroughness)andthetoollifehaveagreatimpact,sothemaindrivesystemrequirementsareveryhigh.Inorderfortheefficientprocessingofhighprecision,lowroughnessoftheworkpiece,musthaveagoodperformanceofthemaindrivesystemandahighaccuracy,highstiffness,vibration,heatdistortionandnoisecomponentscanmeettheneedsofthespindle.

themaincharacteristicsoftransmissionsystem

CNCmillingmachine'smaindrivesystemgenerallyuseDCorACspindlemotor,beltdriveandshaftthroughthegearboxtodrivethespindle.Asthemotorspeedrange,butalsovariablespeed,makingthestructureofthespindleboxgreatlysimplified.Spindlemotoratratedspeedandmaximumtorqueoutputofallpower,withthespeedofchange,powerandtorquewillchange.Theregulatorwithintherange(fromratedspeedtotheminimumspeed)fortheconstanttorque,thetorqueisproportionalwiththespeeddown;inthespeedrange(fromratedspeedtothemaximumspeed)isconstantpower,torquerisewiththespeedhighproportionaldecrease.Thisvariationisconsistentwiththenormalprocessingrequirements,thattherequiredtorque,lowspeedcutting,high-speedcuttingpowerconsumptionlarge.Motorcanalsobeseenthattheeffectivespeedrangeisnotnecessarilyabletofullymeettheoperationalneedsofthespindle,sotheheadstockisgenerallystillneedtosetseveralspeedtransmission(2-4files).Generalmechanicalgearshiftslidinggearhydrauliccylinderdrivetoachieve,thisapproachsimplestructure,reliableperformance,avariablespeedonly1s.SomesmallordonotneedtoomuchspeedrangeofCNCmillingmachine,andisoftenuseddirectlybythemotordrivenshaftorbeltdrivetospindle.

Inordertomeetthemaindrivesystemofhighprecision,highrigidityandlownoiserequirements,thespindledrivegearboxtogothroughthehigh-speedslidinggear(usuallysplineddrive),theuseofID-centering.Centeringthesidesplineismorefavorabletoreducethenoise,becausethisway-centeringdrivespaceissmall,largecontactsurface,butrequiresspecialtoolsandmachiningsplinegrinder.Pronetovibrationbeltdrive,beltlengthinthecaseofmoreseriousinconsistencies.Therefore,thechoiceofbeltshouldbeasshortaspossiblewiththelength.Asaresultofstructuralconstraints,withthelengthoftimecannotbereducedtoanadditionalpinchroller,thebelttensiontoreducevibration.

theclassificationofthemaintransmission

Inordertomeetdifferentprocessingrequirements,thecurrentmaindrivesystemcanbedividedintothreecategories.

1)twoormorevariablespeeddrivetransmissiondeviceofthegearshifttousemorestructure.Slipintheuseofvariablespeedgeartoachievetwomaintransmissionsystem,slidinggearshiftmostofthehydrauliccylinderandforkorgeardrivendirectlybythehydrauliccylindertoachieve.CNCmillingmachineforuseadjustablecontinuouslyvariableACandDCmotors,therefore,thegearshift,therealizationofsub-CVT,speedrangeincreases.Theadvantageistheabilitytomeetavarietyofcuttingmovementofthetorqueoutput,andhasawiderangeofadjustablespeedcapability.However,duetothecomplexstructure,theneedtoincreaselubricationandtemperaturecontroldevices,highcost,inadditiontomanufacturingandmaintenanceisalsomoredifficult.

2)atransmissionmaindrivesystemcurrentlyusedbelt(timingbelt)drive.Theadvantageissimplestructure,easyinstallation,andundercertainconditions,tomeettherequirementsofspeedandtorqueoutput.However,thespeedrangeandthemotorsystem,asconstrainedbythemotorspeedrange.Thisapproachavoidstransmissiongearvibrationandnoisecausedwhen,forlowtorquecharacteristicrequirementsofthespindle.

3)Speed??ofmaindrivemotordirectdriveadvantageiscompact,takinguplessspace,highswitchingfrequency.However,thechangesinspindlespeedandtorqueofthemotoroutputandtheoutputcharacteristicsofexactlythesame,souseislimited.

Thestructureofthespindlecomponents

1)CNCmillingmachinespindlecomponentsrequiredCNCmillingspindlemillingmachinepartsisanimportantpartof.Inadditiontothesamerequirementsandgeneralmillingmachinehasagoodrotationofitsaccuracy,stiffness,vibrationresistance,thermalstabilityandwearresistance,butasCNCmillingmachineintheprocesswithoutmanualadjustment,andhigherspeedCNCmillingrequirements,morepowerful,sotheCNCmillingmachinespindlecomponentsintheseareasrequireshigherandmorestringent.

Spindlebearingsusedconfigurations:①adoublerowcylindricalrollerbearingsand60°angularcontactballbearingassembly,thecompositestiffnessofthespindleconfigurationsgreatlyimprovedtomeettherequirementsofcuttingforce,commonlyusedinvarioustypesofCNCmillingmachine.②formerhigh-precisionself-aligningballbearingbearing,hasgoodspeedperformance,themaximumspindlespeedofupto4000r/min.However,carryingcapacity,suitableforhigh-speed,lightloadandprecisionspindlecomponents.③Doublerowandsinglerowtaperedrollerbearingsasspindlebearingsbeforeandafter,radialandaxialstiffness,canwithstandheavyloads,installationandadjustmentofperformance.Butlimitsthespindlespeedandimprovetheaccuracyformoderateaccuracy,lowspeedandheavyloadofCNCmillingmachinespindle.

Inaddition,sophisticated,ultra-precisionmillingmachinespindle,CNCgrindingmachinespindle,bearingscanbehydrostaticandhydrodynamicbearings,spindlespeedfordemanding,youcanuseaerostaticbearing,thisbearingofuptotensofthousandsperminutetransferspeed,andaveryhighrotationaccuracy.

Toimprovethestiffnessofthespindleassembly,CNCmillingmachineisoftenathree-bearingspindleassembly.Caneffectivelyreducethethree-bearingspindlebending,auxiliarybearingdeepgrooveballbearingsareusuallyusedafterinstallationtokeepgoodintheradialclearanceappropriate,toavoidtheinstallationofthebearingspindlebearingisinstalledattheshaftandboxmanufacturingerroratthehole(mainlycoaxialerror)causedbyinterference.

Spindleclampforfasttoolorautomaticloadingandunloading,suchasCNCmillingandboringmachinesandmachiningcentersbasedinBoring,etc.,inordertoachieverapidorautomaticloadingandunloadingtool,thetoolspindleareoftenequippedwithautomaticloadingandunloading,stopthespindleandthespindleholequasi-otherdeviceswithinthechipautomaticallycleared.

CNCmillingmachinefeeddrivesystem

Theperformanceofthefeedsystemrequirements:feedsystemthatfeeddrives,servomotordriveistherotationintolinearmotionoftheentiretablemechanicaltransmissionchain,includingdecelerationdevices,screwnutandtheguideelementsandsoon.

CNCmillingmachinefeedsystemusuallyrequiresthreethings:drivingaccuracy,systemstabilityanddynamicresponsecharacteristics(sensitivity).Transmissionaccuracyincludingdynamicerror,steady-stateerrorandstaticerror,theservosystemthatdrivestheactualoutputandtheaccuracyofdisplacement.Systemstabilityisthestateofthesystematstartuporfromoutsideinterference,andafterafewtimesaftertheshockattenuation,canbequicklystabilizedatanewororiginalbalanceability.Dynamicresponseistheresponsetimeanddrivetheacceleration.

CNCmillingmachinefeedtoensurethattransmissionsystemaccuracy,systemstabilityanddynamicresponsecharacteristics,themechanicalstructureofthedrivetotalspacerequirementistoeliminate,reducefrictionandreducethemovementofinertia,improvingpartsaccuracyandstiffness.Specificmeasuresareusuallylow-frictiondrivevice,suchasanti-frictionsliderails,rollingguidesandhydrostaticguideways,ballscrews,etc.;guaranteetheaccuracyofmechanicalparts,usingreasonablepretension,reasonablesupportintheforminordertoimprovetransmissionstiffness;selectionofthebestspin-downthantoimprovetheresolutionofmilling,andthesystemconvertedtoreducetheinertiaofthedriveshaft;trytoeliminatethetransmissiongap,reducingthedeadzonethereverseerror,improvedisplacementaccuracy.

Ballscrewnut:ballscrewnutisalinearmotionandrotarymotiontoconvertthetransmission,theCNCmillingmachinehasbeenwidelyused.Itsstructureischaracterizedbyaspiralgrooveintheconcreteroomequippedwithaballscrewnutasanintermediatetransmissionelements,inordertoreducefriction,screwandnutareprocessedonacirculararc-shapedhelicalgroove,whentheyformedtogetherspiralraceway.Intherollerthathastheball.Whenthescrewandnutrelativemotion,theballrollingforwardalongthespiralgrooveinthescrewontherollforafewlapslaterreturntoguidethroughthedevice,thenrollbackonebyonebetweenscrewandnuttoformaclosedlooppiping.Ballscrewhastheadvantageofasmallfrictioncoefficient,hightransmissionefficiency,ηupto0.92~0.96;therequireddrivetorqueissmall;highsensitivity,stabletransmissionisnoteasytocrawl,withhighdynamicaccuracyandprecision;wearasmall,longlifeandaccuracytomaintaingood;caneliminatethegapbytighteningandmeasurestoimprovetheaccuracyoftheaxialstiffnessandthereverse;movementisreversible,notonlytherotarymotionintolinearmotion,linearmotioncanalsoberotatedintomotion.Drawbackisthatthemanufacturingprocessiscomplicatedandcostly,cannotbeinstalledintheverticalself-locking,therefore,requiresadditionalbrakingbody.

1)thestructureofballscrewrollerballscrewthreadcross-sectionmethodtoasinglearcanddoublearctwodifferentshapes.Onesinglearcprocessingissimple,double-arcprocessingmorecomplex,butbetterperformance.

Thewaytheballoutsidethecircleandcirclewithincircletwo.Ballscrewinthereturnprocessanddisengagementoftheouterloop,ballscrewinthecycleisalwaysincontactwiththeinnerloop.Innerandouterloop,theballnutwithapipeisonlyasingle-cycleloop,twoloops